高考英语一轮复习 Unit5 Nelson Mandela a modern hero词汇与短语全方位训练 新人教版必修1.doc

2014届高考英语一轮复习全方位配套训练人教版必修一unit 5 nelson mandela-a modern hero词汇与短语1.stop sb.from doing 阻止某人做某事(=prevent/keep sb.from doing)the church bells stop me from sleeping.教堂的钟声使我不能入睡。the stone walls stop the farmers cows from joining the neighbors.石头墙使农民家的牛不会混入邻居的牛群中去。【短语链接】 （1）keep doing 继续或保持做(强调动作的持续性)news of successes keep pouring in.捷报频传。（2）keep on doing 继续或反复做(强调动作的反复性)we will keep on trying and,if we get anything done,we will notify you.我们将继续努力，有结果将通知你。（3）keep sb.doing 使某人一直做(表示被迫进行的动作)ill try not to keep you waiting.我尽量不让你久等。2.come into/to power 当权，上台de gaulle came to power in 1958.戴高乐是1958年上台的。the party came into power at the last election.这个政党是在上次大选中当选执政的。【短语链接】come into contact联系 come into being 形成，诞生come into effect实施 come into existence 形成come into force实施 come into sight 看见3.the first time 在句中引导时间状语从句the first time i climbed onto the wall,i felt nervous.我第一次爬上墙时，感到非常紧张。【提醒】 表示时间的短语可以引导时间状语从句，如：the instant,the minute,the day,the year,each/every time,next time,the first/second/last time,by the time等。every time i catch a cold,i have pain in my back.每次感冒我的背就疼。the minute he saw her,he fell in love with her.他对她一见倾心。the day he returned home,his father was already dead.他回家的那一天，他的父亲已经死了。he was much better the last time i saw him.我上次见他时他好多了。by the time he was taken to the hospital he was nearly dead.他被送到医院时已经不行了。4.terror n.u 惊恐；恐惧c 可怕的人；恐怖的事her eyes were wild with terror.她的眼睛充满了恐惧。she lives in terror of losing her job.她一直胆战心惊地害怕丢失工作。these street gangs have become the terror of the neighborhood.这些街头少年团伙使得周围邻里谈之色变。【提醒】 识记下列terror的派生词汇：terrorism恐怖主义 terrorist 恐怖分子；恐怖主义者terrorize恐吓；威胁 terrify 使恐惧；使惊吓terrified恐惧；很害怕 terrible 非常讨厌的；令人极不快的5.fear n.c & u 害怕，恐惧；担心；顾虑vt.& vi.惧怕，害怕；担忧he was shaking with fear.他害怕得直发抖。there is no fear of his getting any injury.他不会受伤的。he fears nothing.他什么都不怕。6.cruelty n.u 残酷；残暴the deliberate cruelty of his words cut her like a knife.他说的那些残酷无情的话对她像刀割一样。【提醒】cruel adj.残忍的；冷酷的he is cruel to animals.他对动物很残酷。her eyes were cruel and hard.她目光犀利。7.reward （1）v.酬谢，给以报酬；奖赏how can i reward your kindness?我怎么才能酬谢你的好心？anyone returning the necklace will be handsomely rewarded.谁归还了项链将获得重谢。（2）v.使得到好处success rewarded his efforts.成功回报了他的努力。his services were rewarded.他的服务得到了回报。（3）v.使得到报应the man was well enough rewarded for his crimes.那个人罪有应得。（4）n.报酬；酬谢（可数或不可数）a large reward is offered for the return of the ring.因为归还了戒指，很大的酬谢付出了。he was presented with a gold watch as a reward for his service.有人给了他一块金表，作为他的服务的酬谢。he will expect some reward after working so hard.工作这么努力后，他会有一些报酬。（5）n.好处（常用复数形式）the rewards of arts are not to be measured in money.艺术的好处不是用金钱来衡量的。apart from the salary,teaching children has its own particular rewards.除了薪水外，教孩子有其特殊的好处。（6）n.惩处；报应all evil-doers get their just-rewards.所有做坏事的人会得到惩处的。【提醒】rewarding adj.值得做的；有益的a rewarding experience/job有益的经历/工作teaching is not very financially rewarding.教书不会有很高的报酬。【辨析】reward与awardreward表示“奖赏，酬谢”，只能以人或人的行为作宾语，后面加介词with，for，常用于借喻中;award 表示“给予，授予”（奖章、奖金等），后面可以跟两个宾语。they rewarded the boy for bringing back the lost dog.他们酬谢那个男孩，因为他把走失的狗送回来了。shes been awarded a scholarship to study at oxford.她已获得了去牛津大学念书的奖学金。【即学即用】1,000,but thats my last offer.ok.its a .a.costb.pricec.rewardd.deal答案：d 本题在语境中考查名词词义辨析。cost “成本”；price“价钱”；reward“报酬”；deal“交易”。根据“但那是我最后的出价”可知d为最佳答案。its a deal.意为“成交”。8.set up （1）成立；建立；立起来we decided to set up a fund for the hope project.我们决定为希望工程设立一项基金。they set up a laboratory and devoted their spare time to this work.他们建立了一个实验室，把业余时间用来进行这项工作。the children set up a tent.孩子们搭起了帐篷。a shop was set up at the street corner.街拐角处开了个店。（2）使恢复健康；使体格强健a few days rest will set you up.几天的休息将使你恢复健康。（3）(使)开始从事某种职业his parents set him up as a doctor.他的父母使他从事医生的职业。he set up for himself as a bookseller.他开始经营书。【短语链接】set about开始做，着手处理 set aside宣告无效；驳回；废止set down放下，搁下；记下，记载，写下set off出发，启程 (=set out，set forth)；使爆 炸，引起爆炸；衬托；使更为突出set on攻击；袭击；使攻击；使追赶 set up as立业；开始从事set out出发;开始；陈列；展出【十年高考链接】（1）（2012大纲全国高考）we to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that day.a.set aboutb.set upc.set outd.set down答案：c 句意：我们开始着手粉刷整个房子，但是那天只完成了前面部分。set about意为“动身，开始做”（后跟v.-ing形式）；set up意为“建立，搭建”；set out意为“动身，出发，开始做，着手做”（后接不定式）；set down意为“记下”。根据句意和此空后是不定式“to paint”知选c。（2）（2012湖北高考）walking alone in the dark,the boy whistled to his courage.a.hold upb.keep upc.set upd.take up答案：b 首先了解这四个选项的汉语意思。a项hold up表示“支撑；阻挡”；b项keep up表示“使不下降；保持不变；维持”；c项set up表示“建立，成立”；d项take up表示“开始从事；占领；继续”。由题中的关键信息walking alone in the dark以及whistled可知男孩吹口哨是