英语中考专项训练与讲解-现在完成时态.doc

一、现在完成时由“have/has+过去分词”构成，主要有两个含义：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果，常用的时间状语有many times，just，yet，ever，never，just，already，so far, by now等。I have already watched the TV play. 我已经看过这部电视剧了。（现在我对它不感兴趣了）Have you found your lost pen yet?No, I havent found it yet.（我很着急）表示动作或者状态在过去已经开始，持续到现在，也许还将持续下去。用于延续性动词，常常与so far、for或者since短语连用。since + 时间点 /从句，for + 时间段，如for two months等。二 、现在完成时态和一般过去时态的区别1）现在完成时和一般过去时都能表示过去发生过的动作，但现在完成时表示过去动作对现在的影响，并且表示这一动作已完成或还可能继续下去；2）而一般过去时与现在的情况没有联系，仅表示过去的动作，且这一动作到说话时已终止。因此现在完成时不能与表示明确的过去时间如：in1949，yesterday，last week等的状语连用，并且用when或where对这些时间和地点状语提问时，一般只用一般过去时。三、在“it is first/second.time that.。”或在“it/this/that is the +最高级+名词+that.。”结构中，that从句中的动词常用现在完成时；在“it + be .+since从句”这一结构中，be可用一般现在时或现在完成时，since从句一般用过去时。现在完成时可以和带有 since 或 for 等表示“一段时间”的状语连用，表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。如：I havent seen him for two years.但是，像 come, arrive, buy 等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用，必须改为“be（在）”等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：arrivebe heredie be dead begin(start)be on come backbe back fallill(sick,asleep)be ill(sick,asleep) leave be away get upbe up finish be over open be open close be closed borrow keep 或 be on be in 或 be a member of go to schoolbe a student buy have catch(a cold) have(a cold) begin to studystudy get to know know come to workwork 等如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。We have studied English for three years. 我们（开始）学英语已三年了。几点注意事项（1）have been(to)与 have gone( to)的区别：have been(to)表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于 各人称；have gone(to)表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，常用于第三人称，前者可与 once , never, several times 等连用，后者则不能。He has been to Beijing.他去过北京（已经回来了）He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。 （还没有回来）have/has been in 待在某地如：They have been in Beijing.他们呆在北京。（2）终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连 用。 如：I havent left here since 1997.自从 1997 年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。现在完成时态练习题一 选择填空。( ) 2. Her father _in1990 and her husband _for more than five years.(A) died ,dead (B) has died, dead(C) died ,has been dead (D) has died, has died( ) 3. I have _this nice watch for two years. (A) had (B) bought (C) borrowed (D) lend( ) 4.He _his home for ten years.(A)has left (B)left from(C)has been away from (D)was away from( ) 5.He _a league member for three years(A)is (B)has been (C)has become (D)have become( ) 6.Lihuas brother has _for two years(A)joined the army (C)become a soldier(B)been an army (D)been in the army( ) 7.He hasnt _Quanzhou ever since he left school(A) left (B)been away (C)been (D)away二 选择填空( ) 1. Have you finished your homework Yes, I _it last night(A) finish (B)finished (C)have finished (D)will finish( ) 2. _you ever _to Nanjing Yes, I _there last year. (A)Havegone, have gone (B)Didgo, went (C)Havebeen , went (D)Didgo, has , been )( ) 3.When _you _Lucy in New York?I _her for two years(A) didmeet, havent seen (B)didmeet, dont see(C) havemet, havent seen( ) 4.He _finished his homework yet .( A) didnt (B)havent (C) hasnt (D) doesnt have ( )5.Have you _traveled on the banch?Yes, I have.(A)just (B)yet C)never (D)ever( )6.Have you finished your homework Not_(A)ever (B)already . (C)yet (D)just .( ) 7 We havent finished our homework，_. (A) already ( (B)ever (C)yet (D)never( )8.Have you_ learned English?Yes, Ive _learned a lot.(A)never, ever (B)ever, never (C)ever, already (D)already. ever( ) 9.Have you finished your homework _?Yes, Ive _done that.(A) yet, already (B)already, yet (C)ever, never (D)still, just( )10.Johns father _borrowed some pictures(A ) has just (B)have ever (C)has yet (D)have already三 用 since 和 for 填空（一）1) _ two years _ two years ago 2) _ last month 3) _ yesterday 4) _ an hour ago 5) _ she left here 6) _ 4 oclock 8) _ 1999 9) _ 4 hours 10) _ lunch time（二）1. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.2. Ive known him _ we were children.3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.4. She has been away from the city _ about ten years.5. Its about ten years _ she left the city.四 单项选择题( )1.My mother has worked in this factory _2 years.（A）about ( (B)for (C)in (D)since（ )2. His father joined the party_ (A)since three years ago (B)in two years time(C)for three years (D)three years ago3. The students have cleaned the classroom , _?A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they4.We came to Nanjing three years ago, so we _ here for three years.A. have been to B. have been inC. have been D. have gone5.- How long _you_ your dictionary?- About two months. A. did; buy B. have; get C. have; had D. have; bought6. He tells me he_ China for over five years. A. has been B. has been in C. has been to D. has gone to China7._has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he _ to Nanjing? A. How soon , comes B. How often, gotC. How long , came D. How far, arrived8. His uncle_ for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to workC. has lived there D. has left the university9. He has never surfed, _(改成反意疑问句）?10. They have been here since 2000 . (对划线部分提问)_ have they been here?11. The old man _last year. He_ for a year.(di