高三英语 阅读复习第三期 科普知识与现代技术6(1).doc

2014年高三英语 阅读复习第三期 科普知识与现代技术6【导读】人体就像一台机器，想了解它的工作原理吗？那么，认真读一下下文吧！below is a selection from a popular science book.if blood is red, why are veins (静脉) blue?actually, veins are not blue at all. they are more of a clear, yellowish colour. although blood looks red when its outside the body, when its sitting in a vein near the surface of the skin, its more of a dark reddish purple colour. at the right depth, these blood-filled veins reflect less red light than the surrounding skin, making them look blue by comparison.which works harder, your heart or your brain?that kind of depends on whether you are busy thinking or busy exercising. your heart works up to three times harder during exercise, and shifts enough blood over a lifetime to fill a supertanker. but, in the long run, your brain probably tips it, because even when youre sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart, and it takes four to five tunes as much blood to feed it.why do teeth fall out, and why dont they grow back in grown-ups?baby (or milk) teeth do not last long; they fall out to make room for bigger, stronger adult teeth later on. adult teeth fall out when they become damaged, decayed and infected by bacteria. once this second set of teeth has grown in, youre done. when theyre gone, theyre gone. this is because nature figures youre set for life, and what controls regrowth of your teeth switches off. do old people shrink as they age?yes and do. many people do get shorter as they age. but, when they do, it isnt because theyre shrinking all over. they simply lose height as their spine(脊柱) becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effects, of gravity (重力). many (but not all) men and women do lose height as they get older. men lose an average of 3-4 cm in height as they age, while women may lose 5 cm or more. if you live to be 200 years old, would you keep shrinking till you were, like 60 cm tall, like a little boy again? no, because old people dont really shrink! it is not that they are growing backwards 一 their legs, arms and backbones getting shorter. when they do get shorter, its because the spine has shortened a little. or, more often, become more bait and curved. why does spinning make you dizzy (眩晕的)?because your brain gets confused between what youre seeing and what youre feeling. the brain senses that youre spinning using special gravity-and-motion-sensing organs in your inner ear, which work together with your eyes to keep your vision and balance stable. but when you suddenly stop spinning the system goes out of control, and your brain thinks youre moving while youre dot!where do feelings and emotions come from?mostly from an ancient part of the brain called the limbic system. all mammals have this brain area from mice to dogs, cats, and humans. so all mammals feel basic emotions like fear, pain and pleasure. but since human feelings also involve other, newer bits of the brain, we feel more complex emotions than any other animal on the planet.if exercise wears you out, how can it be good for you?because our bodies adapt to everything we do to them. and as far as your body is concerned, its use it, or lost it”! its not that exercise makes you healthy; its more that a lack of exercise leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease.【文章大意】本文是一篇科普文章，介绍了一些相关的人体知识。【篇章结构】段落关键词、句大意推测para 1.a selection from a popular science book畅销科普书的节选para 2.-14.why are veins blue; which works harder; why do teeth fall out; old people shrink; why does spinning makes you dizzy; where do feelings and emotions come from; how can exercise be good for you静脉是蓝色的原因；大脑比心脏的工作强度更大；人为什么会换牙；人老了为什么会变矮；为什么旋转会让人头晕；认得情感来自哪里；锻炼的好处【信息提取】1. what is the colour of blood in a vein near the surface of the skin?a. blue. b. light yellow.c. red. d. dark reddish purple.2. why do some old people look a little shrunken as they age?a. because their spine is in active use.b. because they are more easily affected by gravity.c. because they keep growing backwards.d. because their spine becomes more bent.3. which of the following statements about our brain is true?a. in the long run, our brain probably works harder than our heart.b. when our brain senses the spinning, we will fell dizzy.c. the brains of the other mammals are as complex as those of humans.d. our feelings and emotions come from the most developed area in our brain.4. what is the main purpose of the selection?a. to give advice on how to stay healthy.b. to provide information about our body.c. to challenge new findings in medical research.d. to report the latest discoveries in medical science.【解析】1.d 细节理解题。从第三段第二行when its sitting in the vein near the surface of the shin, its more of a dark reddish purple colour. 可知选项d正确2.d 细节理解题。从第九段的when they do get shorter, its not because the spine has shortened a little. or more often, become more bent and curved.可知老年人变矮不是因为他们的脊柱变短，更多的原因是因为他们的脊柱变弯曲。所以d选项正确。a选项的内容文中没有提及；b选项不符合文中的内容they simply lose height as their spine（脊柱）becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effects of gravity（重力）；c选项的内容与文中的描述相反。3.a 细节理解题。从文中but in the long run, your brain probably tips it, because even when youre sitting still your brain is using twice as much as energy as your heart,可知选项a正确。 第十一段的第一句就说明了人感到眩晕的原因是因为大脑分不清我们所看到的和所想的东西，排除b；从第十三段的描述but since human feelings also involve other, newer bits of the brain, we feel more complex emotions than any other animals on the planet.可知c选项错误；从第十二段的副标题和十三段的第一句mostly from an ancient part of the brain called the limbic system 可知d选项错误。4.b 主旨大意题。从文章的副标题可知这篇文章解释了七个我们既熟悉又陌生的有关人体知识的问题，所以选项b正确，a、c和d选项在文中均没有提及。【词汇扩充】1.surface n.表面； 外观once in the bloodstream, the bacteria adhere to the surface of the red cells.细菌一进入血液里，就附着在红细胞表面上。he dived below the surface of the water.他潜入了水中。2. in the long run从长远来看in the long run prices are bound to rise.从长远看，物价肯定要涨。the disquiet will boil over in the long run.这种不安情绪终有一天会爆发的。in the long run, it is aneconomy to buy good quality goods.从长远观点来看，买质量好的物品还是合算的。3. due to由于；因为；应归于the teams success was largely due to her efforts.这个队的成功在很大程度上是她努力的结果。his mistake was due to youth and inexperience.他失误的原因是年轻没有经验。the boss gave him the push due to his careless work.由于他工作不细心，老板解雇了他。4. involve vt.包含； 使参与，牵涉； 围绕，缠绕； 使专心于they expostulate with him about the risk involve in his plan.他们指出他的计划有风险，劝他放弃。certainly he wasnt going to involve the other comrades.他肯定不想带累别的同志。dont involve yourself in unnecessary dispute.不要把自己卷入无谓的争论中。dont involve yourself with those people.不要和那些人混在一起。dont involve me in your quarrel.不要把我卷进你们的争吵中。【长难句分析】1.when they do get shorter, its not because the spine has shortened a little. or more often, become more bent and curved.【句意】可知老年人变矮不是因为他们的脊柱变短，更多的原因是因为他们的脊柱变弯曲。【分析】because the spine has shortened a little.是表语从句。2. because your brain gets confused between what youre seeing and what youre feeling.【句意】因为大脑对看到和感到的东西迷惑不清。【分析】what youre seeing and what youre feeling.是两个并列的宾语从句。what 作宾语。【语法点滴】what引导名词性从句的五种用法一、用法归纳1. 表示“的东西或事情”：theyve done what they can to help her. 他们已经尽力帮助了她。he saves what he earns. 他赚多少，积蓄多少。what mary is is the secretary. 玛丽的职务是秘书。2. 表示“的人或的样子”：he is no longer what he was. 他已经不是以前的那个样子。he is what is generally called a traitor. 他就是人们通常所说的叛徒。who is it that has made fred what he is now? 是谁把弗雷德培养成现在这个样子的？3. 表示“的数量或数目”：our income is now double what it was ten years ago. 我们现在的收入是10年前的两倍。the number of the students in our school is ten times what it was before liberation. 现在我校学生的数量是解放前的10倍。4. 表示“的时间”：after what seemed like hours he came