语法讲义综合版.doc

中级基础班语法系列讲义之一 *时态及语态A 不定式B 分词及动名词主动被动一般式to doto be done完成式to have doneto have been done主动被动一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been doneC 过去分词：donePart OneTo err is human.The important thing is to save lives.She likes to travel with him.Is there anyone (to board)?Leon stayed in the hospital to take care of his girl friend.Matilda cannot remember the story (to be told).She is said to have married the old man.The innocent man is said to have been sentenced to death. Part TwoSeeing is believing.His habit is walking along the river after dinner.When you give up trying, you will obtain nothing.Everybody is at his (fighting) post.I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul.The officer enjoyed being flattered after he was promoted.Clinton regrets having left his previous wife.She will never forget having been invited to dance with boy she is crazy about. Part ThreeThe player is performing, her right arm drawing the bow to and fro.The experiment having been finished, they left the lab.All the tickets having been sold out, he had to stay.Dont read in a moving car.The play performed by the freshman impressed me so much.You are mistaken.The movie is exciting indeed.Visiting the old house, I met my previous wife.Being sick Tommy stayed in the hospital.Keeping on your feet, you will make yourself more tired.Being hurt time and again, she kept on taking care of her mad husband.The new dress cost all the ladys money, leaving her an empty wallet.He stood leaning against the wall.Heated, the ice begins to melt.Beaten by the police, sent to jail, Gandhi invented the principle of non-violent resistance. *状态常表示目的 不定式现在分词：主动且进行常表示状态 分 词过去分词：被动且完成To keep the sale high enough, the salesman is always busy.Keeping the sale high enough, the salesman is pride of himself.boiling water / boiled waterdeveloping country / developed countrythe changing world / the changed world 变态1. object to, confess to, look forward to, reason for, need of, be afraid of, be interested in, insist on, persist in, long for. . . Susan object to marrying the dying man.There is no reason for retreating from the battle field.She was always interested in taking part-time jobs when she was still a college student.2. admit, appreciate, avoid, can not help, can not resist, deny, dislike, ensure, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, imagine, keep (on), mind, miss, practice, prevent, recall, recollect, suggest, understand . . .The guilty young lady admitted murdering her husband.Any of us should avoid causing damages when we use public facilities.The excellent student practices reciting passages and dialogues every morning.3. consider, discover, discuss, explain, find out, guess, know, inquire, observe, see, settle, show, teach, understand, wonder, (how, when, why, where, whether, which) . . .Tell me when to start.Actually, I dont know what to do.It is not necessary to tell them where to go.4. remember, forget, mean, stop, try . . .The manager stopped to smoke.The Stewarts try to buy a new house.The manager stopped smoking.The Stewarts try buying a new house.5. have, help, let, made, get（使役）see, watch, hear, notice（感观）Matilda helps me finish the investigation.I heard the couple discuss their private matters.The police saw him rob the teller. 作业1、 翻 译：“时态及语态”部分的所有例句。2、 划分成分：辨析并标识“时态及语态” Part Three部分所有例句中分词所作的成分。例：The player is performing, her right arm drawing the bow to and fro.3、 熟读并背诵“状态”及“变态”部分的例句。答 案1、 翻译：Part One1、犯错误是人之常情。2、救人要紧。3、她喜欢和他同去旅游。4、有人要上车吗？5、里昂留在医院照顾他的女朋友。6、阿曼达记不得要讲的那个故事了。7、据说她已经嫁给了那个老男人。8、据说这个无辜的男人已经被宣判死刑。Part Two1、眼见为实。2、他习惯于晚饭后在河边散步。3、放弃努力，就一无所获。4、每个人都驻守在自己的战斗岗位上。5、我管这叫“拆东墙补西墙”。6、这些官员晋升之后，喜欢被奉承。7、克林顿为离开前妻感到遗憾。8、她心仪已久的男孩邀她共舞，令她永生难忘。Part Three1、演奏者正在表演，她右手来回拉弓。2、试验被完成后，他们离开了实验室。3、票已售尽，他被迫滞留。4、不要在行驶的车上读书。5、新生表演的戏剧深深吸引了我。6、你错了。7、这电影确实令人激动。8、回访旧居时，我遇到了前妻。9、汤米因病住进了医院。10、若坚持步行，你会更累。11、虽然屡次被伤害，她依然坚持照顾她的疯丈夫12、新衣服耗尽了这位女士的钱财，结果只给她剩下了一个空钱包。13、他靠墙站着。14、加热后，冰开始融化。15、尽管受警察殴打，被投入监牢，甘地却首创了非暴力抵抗的原则。2、成分划分：The player is performing, her right arm drawing the bow to and fro.The experiment having been finished, they left the lab.All the tickets having been sold out, he had to stay.Dont read in a (moving)car.The play (performed by the freshman)impressed me so much.You are mistaken.The movie is exciting indeed.Visiting the old house, I met my previous wife.Being sick Tommy stayed in the hospital.Keeping on your feet, you will make yourself more tired.Being hurt time and again, she kept on taking care of her mad husband.The new dress cost all the ladys money, leaving her an empty wallet.He stood leaning against the wall.Heated, the ice begins to melt.Beaten by the police, sent to jail, Gandhi invented the principle of non-violent resistance.中级基础班语法系列讲义之二 谓语的时态一般体进行体完成体完成进行体过去PPPO现在PPPP将来PPPO过去将来OOOOPart OneHer previous husband was a vendor.She married a vender.Her current husband is an outstanding piano tuner.She marries an outstanding piano tuner.Her next husband will be the president of the country.She will marry the President of the country. Part TwoThe young lady was making for the fire escape when the fireman secured her.I am being lazy when my girlfriend calls me.She will be flying to San Francisco when we classmates have dinner party in Beijing tomorrow evening. Part ThreeLeon has traveled the whole world.The Smiths have traveled every city along the east coast.Many of us have been to the Crack School for at least two times.Before the class was over, the students had been worried about Fu Lisongs piercing voice.By the end of last month, we had finished learning some simple sentence structures.He didnt get married until he had finished his school education.When you arrive in Hawaii your boss will have probably stayed there for two weeks.This is my first time that I have washed my close by myself. Part FourThe water has been leaking for some time, and wed better have the pipe repaired right now.The lonely foreign widow has been sobbing by the river, in order to mourn her drowned husband. 语态The thief destroyed the window last night.The window was destroyed by the thief last night.It is believed that It is considered that It is estimated that It is expected that It is found that It is hoped that It is mentioned that It is noticed that It is said that It is supposed that It is thought that It is well known that It has been decided that It has been proved that It cannot be denied that It should be pointed that Wear, feel, taste, smell等词汇常用主动的形式表示被动的意义：The glasses wear comfortable.Her hair feels silky.The pie tastes awful.The air in the meeting room smells terrible. 作业一、汉译英1. 眼见为实。2. 我们有各种各样的爱好。3. 我喜欢的运动是足球。4. 这的确是一个有意义的故事。5. 我习惯于每天晚上入睡前听音乐。6. 我们年轻人喜欢学习新鲜事物。7. 里昂(Leon)1978年出生在印度。8. 那家汽车旅馆建在公路边。9. 1860年，林肯被选为美国总统。10. 当时，我们甚至放弃了自己的业余时间去完成这项任务。11. 经过长途跋涉，这两兄弟到达了麦加(Mekka)。12. 晚饭之后，这些商人继续开会。13. 约会之前，苏珊精心的打扮了一番。14. 解放之前，这个老人过着悲惨的生活。15. 这个乘客已经排了一整夜的队了。16. 这部电影我已经看过好几次了。17. 中国在80年代早期就实施改革开放政策。18. 到上个月末，我们已经进行了80%的课程。19. 到明年七月，我就已经毕业三年了。20. 那栋楼去年被拆毁了。21. 人们认为，这种麻烦是不可避免的。22. 据说哥伦布（Columbus）实为女儿身。23. 不可否认，我们已经取得了巨大的进步。24. 这条裤子穿起来太长。答案：1. Seeing is believing.2. We have all kinds of hobbies.3. My favorite sport is football.4. Its a meaningful story, indeed.5. Im used to listening to the music before sleep every night.6. We young people like to learn new things.7. Leon was born in India in 1978.8. The motel was built by the high way.9. Lincoln was elected president of the USA in 1860.10. We even gave up our spare time to fulfill the task then.11. After a long travel, these two brothers arrived in Mekka.12. After the dinner, these businessmen went on with their conference.13. Before the date, Susan made up delicately.14. Before the liberation, the old man had led a miserable life.15. This passenger has stood in the queue for a whole night.16. I have watched the movie several times.17. China has carried out the open and reform policy since earlier 80s.18. By the end of last month, we had finished eighty percent of our courses.19. By next June, I will have graduated for three years.20.That building was destroyed last year.21.It is believed that these matters are always inevitable.22.It is said that Columbus was actually a lady.23.It cannot be denied that we have made great progress.24.The trousers wear too long.中级基础班语法系列讲义之三主谓一致 Part One ( clothes, trousers, shoes, socks, gloves, glasses )Your trousers look like rags.Her gloves were left in your car. Part TwoA hundred years is called a century, while ten years is called a decade.Other 700 kilometers is still ahead to arrive in Vietnam.Each color and style suits you. ( every, either of, no, many a, more than one)One and a half girlfriends is waiting for you.Seeing is believing!To see is to believe.Taking part-time jobs is a helpful measure for students.Thinking about your career is always a beneficial start. What he told you is not true.When can we come back to Guiyang is still in question. Part ThreeA: (army, class, enemy, government, family, group, party, public, team, audience.)Our team are in high spirit.Our team was defeated yesterday.The audience were deeply moved by the player.The audience is certainly large.B: (and )The president and the servant are preparing for the lecture.The president and servant is preparing for the lecture.C: ( number of )The number of football tickets is limited.A number of football tickets are available. Part fourA: ( as well as, as much as, rather than, with, along with, together with, in addition to, except, including, like )The father, rather than these children, looks younger.Her parents as well as my girlfriend are supporting me to go on with my school education.Your opponent as well as you feels it difficult to achieve the goal.The general, along with ( together with )his officers, is boarding.The young man, like his friends, is as thin as a pole.B: ( or, either or, neither nor, not only but also )The thief or his partners is arrested.Neither you nor I am an expert.Not only the passengers but also the airhostess is worried about their fate. 作业：25. 快速发展我们的工农业是必要的。26. 在山顶上呼吸会变得困难。27. 说比做更容易.28. 我们要不要去，得看天气。29. 他所说的话深深的令我感动。30. 我和他自从相识后一直都是好朋友。31. 师生都被请来聚餐。32. 总统协同他的夫人已经到达。33. 除了我，全都去看电影去了。34. 这两种观点没有哪个是完全错误的。35. 这两种观点中有完全错误的吗？36. 不是你就是我将被派到那里。37. 师生都不知道答案。语法答案：1. To develop our industry and agriculture at a high speed is necessary.2. Breathing becomes difficult on the top of the mountain.3. Talking is easier than doing.4. Whether well go depends on the weather.5. What he says moves me deeply.6. He and I have been good friends since we knew each other.7. Both teachers and students were invited to dinner.8. The president as will as his wife has arrived.9. All but me are going to the cinema.10. Neither of these two views is entirely wrong.11. Is either of these two views entirely wrong?12. Either you or I am to be sent there.13. Neither the students nor the teacher knows the answer.中级基础班语法系列讲义之四关于“it” Part One: It is important (necessary, urgent, difficult, easy, convenient, comfortable, expensive, desirable, advisable) for someone to do something.It is important to have a girlfriend when you grow up.It is necessary for us to learn to use the grammar of English.It is advisable for every of us to make a list of our tasks before we take actions.It is always right for any of us to manage to go on with our education.It is expensive for the family to travel along the east coast. Part Two: It is important (necessary, urgent, difficult, easy, convenient, comfortable, expensive, desirable, advisable) that.It is certainly important that we deposit at least half of our money for the future.It is urgent that the defendant takes drastic measures to keep the dying witness alive.It is possible that everyone here can learn English well.It is difficult that all the words should be remembered in a week, but it is easy that they are repeated several times during the period. Part ThreeI think it possible to prepare for the TOEFL and GRE at the same time.The improvements of computer technology make it easy to explore the world in Internet.All the skills make it convenient to recite the words.The heavy fog makes it difficult that the driver find out the way toward the downtown.The labels make it easy that the freshman search for the information in the dictionary. 作业(Translation):38. 用英语表达我的想法不太容易。39. 上课做笔记对学生来说很重要。40. 善待妻子对男人来说是最首要的。41. 准备这次考试花了我6个月时间。42. 做这项工作需要勇气。43. 没有实践的学习是没有益处的。44. 问他也没有用。45. 人们说汉语是世界上最难学的语言之一。46. 为现代化尽力至关重要。47. 现在人类能否飞往月球已经不是一个问题了。48. 他们觉得继续试验是必要的。49. 老师认为没有理解的阅读是没有益处的。50. 父母觉得他没能通过入学考试是可惜的。讲义四答案：1. Its not easy for me to explain my ideas in English.2. Its important for students to take notes in class.3. Its essential for men to take good care of their wives.4. It took me six months to prepare for the examination.5. It requires courage to do this kind of work.6. Its no good learning without practice.7. Its no use to ask him.8. It is said that Chinese is one of the most difficult languages in the world.9. It is important that we should do our best for the modernizations.10. It is not a question any more whether man can fly to the moon.11. They found it necessary to go on with the experiment.12. The teacher considers it no good reading without understanding.13. The parents think it a pity that their son did not pass the entrance examination.中级基础班语法系列讲义之五 Part One: There be常用对应时态单数复数一般现在时There isThere are一般过去时There wasThere were过去完成时There has beenThere have beenThere is an expert in our company.There are many experts in our company.There was a famous place of interest in the desert.There were a group of pioneers living in the Paris Island.There has been an increase in the demand of water in recent years.There have been great changes in his private life since he got divorced. Part Two: It is/wasthat/who/whom Example: The old man met his first love in the library two years ago.It was the old man that/who met his first love in the library two years ago.It was his first love that/whom the old man met in the library two years ago.It was in the library that the old man met his first love two years ago.It was two years ago that the old man met his first love in the library.Example: All of us are having our grammar course at the Crack school right now.It is all of us that/who are having our grammar course at the Crack school right now.It is our grammar course that all of us are having at the Crack school right now.It is at the Crack school that all of us are having our grammar course right now.It is right now that all of us are having our grammar course at the Crack school. Part Threehardlywhen, no soonerthan, scarcelywhen*so, as, though, “only 强调状语”seldom, rarely, hardly, little, never, under no circumstances, in no case, in no way, on no accountExample:Hardly could he touch her hand, when her father came.Scarcely did the man get home when his manager called him to go on with his job.Only in this way can we succeed in mastering the English grammar.Only when you make an effort are you likely to master the use of English.Under no circumstances shall we laugh at the mad woman who has lost her husband.In no case are you allowed to play truant.Tired as we were, we persist in taking part-time jobs to get to know the world. 作业(Translation):51. 正是现在，人们面临着防止污染的难题。52. 正是人们，当今面临着防止污染的难题。53. 上个星期六，正是在这个咖啡馆，我遇到了布什（Bush）。54. 上个星期六，在这个咖啡馆遇到的，正是我布什（Bush）。55. 正是上个星期六，我在这个咖啡馆遇到了布什（Bush）。56. 解决这个问题有三条可能的途径。57. 目前社会上有许多假冒伪劣商品。58. 至少有三种可能的原因。59. 过去5年里， 人们的生活发生了巨大的改变。60. 对这个问题，有不同的看法。61. 只有在特殊情况下，我们才能拨打110。62. 我们决不能放弃学习英语。答案：1、 It is nowadays that men are faced with the problem of pollution preventing.2、 It is men that (who) are faced with the problem of pollution prevention nowadays.3、 It was in the coffee shop that I met Bush last Saturday.4、 It was Bush that (whom) I met in the coffee shop last Saturday.5、 It was last Saturday that I met Bush in this coffee shop.6、 There are three possible ways to solve the problem.7、 There are many fake commodities in our society now.8、 There are at least three possible reasons.9、 In the past five years, there have been great changes in peoples life.10、 There are different views on this matter.11、 Only under special circumstance can we dial 110.12、 In no case shall we give up learning English.中级基础班语法系列讲义之六 Preface: 主语 谓语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 同位语Getting to know the clauses: Leon graduated from a university two years ago. His previous girlfriend went to American that year. Leon graduated from a university two years ago, and His previous girlfriend went to American. Leon graduated from a university when his girlfriend went to American two years ago. Leon graduated from a university in the year when his previous girlfriend went to American. Leon has left the city where his university lies in since he graduated because his girl