【三维设计】高考英语总复习（课前体验领悟+课堂考前讲练+课后演练提升+模拟题为例）“语法专题”训练 专题九 名词和冠词（含解析）.doc

专题九名词和冠词课前体验领悟.完成句子1(2011浙江高考)anyway, i cant cheat him its against_all_my_principles (违背我的原则)2(2012济南第二次教学质量调研)would you do me a favor to choose a wedding dress?of course, but it is a_matter_of_personal_taste (个人品味的问题)3(2011福建高考)the lack of ecofriendly habits among the public is thought to be a_major_cause_of (主要原因) global climate change.用a(n), the或/填空4people are living in a world where mouse clicks rule our life, so online searches have become a must in our daily life.5jiuzhaigou is a most beautiful scenery spot and im sure to come for a second time.6we have never had such a success in football！yesterday we won the match with a score of 50.7(2012吉林二模)a strong earthquake struck the eastern coast of central japan on march 11, 2011.8(2013山东临沂一模)in a way / global warming is a challenge for man, so we must overcome it to build a fine world.课堂考前讲练名词词义辨析1.view, sight, scene, scenery(1)view (从某角度看到的)景色，风景，自然美景。(2)sight 情景，景象，看见的事物。(3)scene 景象，风光，事故现场，场面。(4)scenery指景色的总称。from the top of mount tai, you can get a wonderful view of sunrise.从泰山顶上你可以看到特别美丽的日出景色。seeing the scene of children playing happily in the park, im full of confidence of our country.看到孩子们在公园里高兴玩耍的场面，我对我们国家(的未来)充满了自信心。2state, position, condition, situation(1)state 状态，样子，情况，形势。(2)position位置，职位。(3)condition条件，境况。(4)situation形势，状况，局面。from their position on the top of the tv tower, visitors can have a better view of the city.(2009陕西高考)从他们所在的电视塔顶的位置，游客们能更好地观看这个城市的风景。school children must be taught how to deal with dangerous situations.学生们必须接受如何应付危险情况的教育。she was in a poor state of health, which worried her parents a lot.她的健康状况不佳，这使她父母很担心。3mark, sign, signal, symbol(1)mark 标志，标记。(2)sign 记号，标记，迹象。(3)signal 信号。(4)symbol 象征，符号。in our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was a signal for everyone to stand up.(2009湖北高考)在课堂上，铃声响起，老师合上书就是我们起立的信号。in communication, a smile is usually a strong sign of a friendly and open attitude.(2011重庆高考)在交流方面，微笑通常是友好坦诚态度的明显标志。4power, force, strength, energy(1)power 指身体上、精神上或心理上的力量，也可指权利。(2)force 指运用或发挥出来的力量，可以克服阻力。(3)strength 指内部固有的力量，如体力、实力等，表示精神力量时，指持久、坚定、无畏、坚韧等。(4)energy 主要指人的精力或自然界中的能量。i really admire the people full of energy. im always tired.youd better take more exercise.(2013郑州第一次质量预测)我真羡慕那些精力充沛的人，我总是疲劳。你应该多锻炼。the police had to use force to drive away the crowd.警察只好使用武力驱散人群。practising chinese kungfu can not only build up ones strength, but also develop ones character.练习中国功夫不但能强身健体，而且能培养一个人的性格。im terribly sorry, its beyond my power to help you.实在对不起，我是爱莫能助啊！1(2012江苏高考)can i help you with it?i appreciate your_， but i can manage it myself.aadvicebquestioncoffer didea解析：考查名词辨析。句意：“我能帮你吗？”“我很感激你的好意，但是我自己能完成。”offer“主动提议；建议”，符合语境。 答案：c2(2012湖北高考)the officer insisted that michael did not follow the correct _ in applying for a visa. apattern bprocedurecprogram dperspective解析：考查名词辨析。句意：这位官员坚持认定michael没有按照正确的程序申请签证。procedure“程序”，符合句意。pattern“模式”；program“节目”；perspective“远景”。答案：b3(2012四川高考)he will come to understand your efforts sooner or later. its just a matter of _.aluck bvaluectime dfact解析：考查名词辨析。句意：他迟早会渐渐理解你付出的努力的。这只是时间问题。a matter of“的问题”，根据句意选c。答案：c抽象名词的具体化1.抽象名词具体化具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人或事，具体指特定的某一件事时，这一抽象名词可作为可数名词。(1)difficulty 困难； a difficulty 一件难事(2)experience 经验； an experience 一次经历(3)failure 失败； a failure一位失败者，一件失败的事(4)knowledge 知识； a good knowledge 丰富的知识(5)success 成功； a success一位成功者，一件成功的事(6)surprise 惊奇； a surprise 一件令人吃惊的事(7)honour 荣誉； an honour 一位(件)带来荣誉的人或事harry is a failure as a learner driver, because he failed to pass the driving test again.(2012银川部分中学高三联考)harry作为一个驾驶学员是失败的，因为他又一次没有通过驾驶考试。as it turned out, the 2012 london olympic games was a success.结果是2012年伦敦奥运会是一次成功的盛会。2有些物质名词可个体化为可数名词物质名词可数名词物质名词可数名词drink 饮料two drinks两杯饮料sugar 糖a sugar一块糖coffee 咖啡a coffee一杯咖啡paper 纸a paper一张报纸；一篇论文tea 茶two teas两杯茶hair 头发a hair一根头发would you like some coffee?i would like a coffee and two beers.你想喝点咖啡吗？我想要一杯咖啡和两杯啤酒。1(2012山东高考)being able to afford _ drink would be _ comfort in those tough times. athe; the ba; aca; 不填 d不填； a解析：考查冠词。句意：在那些难熬的时光中，能买得起一杯饮料是一种莫大的安慰。不可数名词可以和不定冠词连用，表示名词的具体化。句中的a drink表示“一杯饮料”，后面的a comfort意为“一件安慰的事”。答案：b2(2010福建高考)its _ good feeling for people to admire the shanghai world expo that gives them _ pleasure.a/; a ba; /cthe; a da; the解析：考查冠词。句意：对人们来说，欣赏能带给他们乐趣的上海世博会的感觉非常棒。feeling为可数名词，pleasure为不可数名词，均表示泛指，故b正确。答案：b不定冠词a, an的用法1.不定冠词a(n)表示“某一个”，相当于some/a certain，意为“一个”could you tell me the way to the johnsons, please?sorry, we dont have a johnson here in the village.请告诉我去约翰逊家怎么走？对不起，这个村庄里没有一个叫约翰逊的人。2不定冠词a(n)用于抽象名词前，表示具体的人或事物many people agree that a knowledge of english is a must on international trade today.许多人都持相同的看法，在当前国际贸易交往中，英语知识是必备的。3不定冠词a(n)用于有形容词修饰的一日三餐、季节、日期前i was invited to have a good breakfast and the restaurant we went to was excellent.(2012江西抚州市适应性测试)我应邀吃了一顿丰盛的早餐，并且我们去的餐馆也很好。its a wise choice to use a fourwheel drive on a snowy day.在下雪天使用四轮车是一个明智的选择。4“a(n)序数词”不表示排序，表示“又一、再一”what disappointed the chinese most is that the national football team was kicked out of the asian cup a second time, with four points from three matches.(2012南京二模)最让中国人失望的是国家足球队又一次被踢出了亚洲杯，三场比赛只得了四分。5不定冠词a用于most形容词之前无比较含义，表示程度，意为“很，非常”which of the twin brothers is easier to get on with?the younger one. he is a most humorous man.(2013南京一模)双胞胎兄弟哪一个较容易相处？较小的那一个，他是一个非常幽默的人。1(2012浙江高考)the development of industry has been _ gradual process throughout _ human existence, from stone tools to modern technology.a不填； the bthe; aca; 不填 da; a解析：考查冠词。第一个空a gradual process表示“一个逐渐的过程”；而第二个空human existence意为“人类的存在”，existence为不可数名词，所以用零冠词。答案：c2(2011全国卷)as he reached _front door, jack saw _strange sight. athe; 不填 ba; the c不填； a dthe; a 解析：考查冠词。第一个空the front door 表示“前门”，表示特指用the；第二个空表示“一种奇异的景象”，表示泛指，故用a。 答案：d3(2011新课标全国卷)it is generally accepted that _boy must learn to stand up and fight like _man. aa; a ba; thecthe; the da; 不填解析：考查冠词的用法。 句意：人们普遍认为男孩儿必须学会像男人那样勇敢地站起来去战斗。 两个空都表示泛指， 因此都填不定冠词a。 答案：a定冠词the1.用在世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、表示方位或表示发明物等的名词前。as is known to us, the earth moves around the sun.众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。we are living in an age when many things can be done on the internet.(2012河南洛阳统考)我们生活在一个很多事情都可以在因特网上完成的时代。点津有些物体虽然也是独一无二的，但习惯上却不用冠词。如space太空， nature自然， man人类等。2用在序数词和形容词最高级前面。liu yang is the first woman who has been into space in china.在中国，刘洋是第一位登上太空的女性。3用在表示计量的名词前，如by the hour, by the day, by the dozen, by the yard等，但是如表示单位的名词为不可数名词，之前不用冠词，如by weight/height等。its said john will be in a job paying over $ 60,000 a year.right, he will also get paid by the week.(2011江西高考)据说约翰会得到一份年薪超过60000美元的工作。是的，而且会按周付薪。4用在表示某世纪、年代、时期或朝代的名词前。it is not rare in the 1990s that people in their fifties went to university for further education.在二十世纪九十年代五十多岁的人上大学进修不罕见了。1(2012四川高考)we are said to be living in _ information age, _ time of new discoveries and great changes.aan; the b不填； thec不填； a dthe; a 解析：考查冠词。第一个空information age前加定冠词the表示特指；第二个空根据句意“据说我们正生活在信息时代，一个充满新发现和巨大变化的时代。”用不定冠词，time用作“时代，时期，日子”之意时为可数名词。答案：d2(2011浙江高考)experts think that _ recently discovered painting may be _ picasso.athe; / ba; theca; / dthe; a 解析：考查冠词的用法。第一个空表示“那幅最近发现的画”，是特指概念，应用定冠词the；第二个空表示“一幅毕加索的画”，应用不定冠词a。答案：d3(2011陕西高考)as is known to all, _ peoples republic of china is _ biggest developing country in the world. athe; 不填 b不填； the cthe; the d不填； 不填 解析：考查冠词。句意：众所周知，中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。第一个空处，由普通名词构成的专有名词前面要用定冠词； 第二个空处，最高级前应使用定冠词。答案：c4(2012桂林部分学校高三质量检测)tom works in a company and gets paid by _ hour, totally 5, 000 yuan _ month.athe; the ba; thecthe; a da; a 解析：考查冠词用法。bythe计量单位名词表示“按”，by the hour表示“按小时”，故第一个空用定冠词 the；第二个空处表示泛指，用不定冠词a。答案：c5(2012宝鸡二检)do you have any idea of _ exact date when he cycled to taibai mountain?no. i only remember it was _ saturday.aan; a bthe; thecan; the dthe; a解析：考查冠词。前一个空格处特指他骑车到太白山的确切日期，应用定冠词the；后一个空格处泛指“一个”星期六，应用不定冠词a。答案：d零冠词的用法1.表示泛指意义的物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词、人名、地名如：china, america前。sarah looked at the finished painting with satisfaction.(2012新课标全国卷)sarah满意地看着那幅完工的油画。2表示季节、月份、星期、节假日、一日三餐前不加冠词。spring is the best season of the year.春天是一年中最好的季节。3学科名称、球类名称、棋类名称前不加冠词。he likes playing basketball/chess.他喜欢打篮球/下棋。4称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作表语、主语补足语、宾语补足语及同位语时，不加冠词。常用名词有king, president, chairman, monitor, head等。lu xun was a doctor before he turned writer/became/made a writer.鲁迅成为作家前是医生。dr.peter spence, headmaster of the school, told us，“a fifth of pupils here go on to study at oxford and cambridge.”(2011四川高考)这所学校的校长peter spence博士告诉我们：“五分之一的学生将继续到牛津或剑桥大学深造。”5as/though引导的让步状语从句中，如果作表语的名词置于句首，习惯上单数名词前不用冠词。clever boy as he is, he cant solve such a difficult problem.尽管他是聪明的孩子，他无法解决这么难的问题。6在某些独立主格结构，如“单数名词介词短语”中，名词前不用冠词。he rushed into the classroom, book in hand.他冲进教室，手里拿着一本书。7no与such连用时应放在such之前，such后的名词不用冠词。everything comes with a price; there is no such thing as a free lunch in the world.(2010重庆高考)一切都是有代价的，因为天下没有免费的午餐。1(2012安徽高考)carl is studying _ food science at college and hopes to open up _ meat processing factory of his own one day.a/; a b/; thecthe; a dthe; the解析：考查冠词。句意：卡尔正在大学学习食品科学，他希望有一天能够开办一家自己的肉品加工厂。第一个空food science意为“食品科学”，为表示抽象概念的名词，其前不应用冠词；第二个空中心词为factory，为可数名词，根据句意可知此处表示泛指，故用不定冠词a。答案：a 2(2012江西高考)the smiths dont usually like staying at _ hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by _ sea.a/; a bthe; thec/; the dthe; a解析：考查冠词。hotels这里表示泛指，用名词复数即可，第一个空不加冠词；by the sea表示“在海边/海岸上”，这是特指；by sea表示使用海上交通工具“乘船；由海路”。答案：c3(2012重庆高考)sam has been appointed _ manager of the engineering department to take _ place of george.a/; / bthe; /cthe; the d/; the解析：考查冠词。第一个空后面的manager是表示职位的，故前面不用冠词；第二个空是固定短语take the place of，意为“代替”。答案：d4(2012温州二测)on _ earth day, people are requested to follow _ rules of “reduce, reuse and recycle”athe; / b/; /c/; the dthe; the解析：考查冠词的用法。earth day是专有名词，意思是“地球日”，其前面不用加冠词；第二个空后面的rules指特定的一些规则，因此其前用定冠词。答案：c课后演练提升.语法与单选1(2013山东潍坊高三模拟)if i buy more than one, will you give me a _？adiscountbchangecbargain dcompromise解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我不止买一个，你会给我打折吗？discount“折扣”；change“零钱”；bargain“减价品”；compromise“妥协”。答案：a2(2013东北三校高三第一次联合模拟)everybody knows smoking is harmful to health, but still so many people smoke.exactly! so our country is planning to start a _ against smoking.awar bcampaigncmotion dstruggle解析：考查名词辨析。后句句意：“的确！所以我们国家正在计划开展一项戒烟运动”。a项的意思是“战争”；b项的意思是“运动”；c项的意思是“提议”；d项的意思是“斗争”。答案：b3(2013哈尔滨高三模拟)if you are hunting _ chance to improve yourself in english, i think the english corner will be _ smart choice.aa; a ba; thecthe; a dthe; the解析：考查冠词。句意：如果你在寻找提高英语水平的机会的话，我认为英语角是一个聪明的选择。根据句意可知此处两空都表泛指，用不定冠词。答案：a4(2013陕西西安五校第一次模拟)in xian, although there is a good public transport system, _ private car is still becoming _ popular means of transportation.a/; the bthe; thecthe; a da; /解析：考查冠词。句意：在西安，虽然有良好的公共交通运输系统，私家车仍然成为一种普遍的交通工具。第一个空格处表示的是类指，故用定冠词the；第二个空格处表示的是泛指，故用a, 注意means作“工具”讲时单复数同形。答案：c5(2012南昌二模)how do you like our city?it has changed beyond all _ in the past 20 years, a completely new one in front of me.arealization bdescriptioncexpression drecognition解析：考查名词辨析。句意：“你认为我们的城市怎么样？”“在过去20年里它完全变了，几乎都认不出来了，呈现在我面前的是一座全新的城市。”realization“(计划、希望、目标等)实现”；description“描述”；expression“表达”；recognition“认出”。答案：d6(2013青岛一检)a lack of _ of cultural difference to local customs can cause problems.aexistence brevolutioncawareness devidence解析：考查名词辨析。句意：对有关当地风俗的文化差异缺乏了解会引起一些麻烦。选项中awareness的意思是“意识，认识”，符合题意。答案：c7(2012盐城二模)several witnesses gave _ of what they had seen, which took the police much time to take them down.asummaries baccountscsuggestions dreports解析：考查名词辨析。句意：几个目击者描述了他们的所见，这花费了警察大量时间把它们记下来。summary意为“摘要，总结”；account意为“描述，叙述”；suggestion意为“建议”；report意为“报道”。答案：b8(2013济南模考)the old couple used to live deep in the countryside, without easy _ to shops.aapproach baccessctransport dconvenience解析：考查名词辨析。句意：这对老夫妇曾经住在乡村深处，没有去商店的便利通道。access to表示“去的通道”，符合句意。答案：b9(2013河南调研)to tell _ truth, he is at _ loss what to do currently.a/; a bthe; /cthe; a d/; /解析：考查冠词的用法。to tell the truth“说实话”，at a loss“茫然，不知所措”，皆为固定短语。答案：c10(2013金华十校模考)in many countries, _ good education is regarded as _ ticket to success in the future.a/; / ba; acthe; the dthe; a解析：考查冠词。第一个空因education这个抽象名词在此具体化了，故用不定冠词表泛指；第二个空ticket为可数名词，用a表泛指。答案：b11(2013四川六校高三联考)mr. white, who comes from _ european country, has formed _ habit of attending _ church on sundays.aan; /; the ba; the; /can; the; / da; a; a解析：考查冠词的用法。第一个空表示一个欧洲国家，是泛指，且european的读音以辅音音素开头，故用a；第二个空特指周末去做礼拜的习惯，故用the; attend church表示“做礼拜”，是固定用法，故不用冠词。答案：b12(2013长春高中毕业班第一次调研)youd better go abroad by _ plane so as to get _ comfortable journey.a/; a ba; /ca; the dthe; the解析：考查冠词。by plane“乘飞机”为固定搭配，故第一个空不用冠词；a comfortable journey表示“一次舒适的旅行”，故第二个空用不定冠词a。答案：a13(2013山西部分重点高中高三联考)i dont know who invented _ cellphone, but i think it is _ useful invention.athe; a bthe; thecan; the dan; a解析：考查冠词用法。句意：我不知道是谁发明了手机，但是我认为它是一个有用的发明。第一个空处是类指，用定冠词；第二个空处是泛指，表示“一个，一种”。答案：a14(2013江西重点中学盟校高三第一次联考)working hard is not a _ of