水稻术语表.doc

GLOSSARY Aleurone layer 糊粉层 - the peripheral layer of the endosperm胚乳, containing oil and protein. Adventitious prop roots 须根- roots formed in higher nodes above the soil surface. Axil 叶腋叶与茎的交角处叫做叶腋。叶片向轴一面的基部称叶腋。大多数的侧芽是生在茎的叶腋，叶腋是生长分枝的部位。Auricles 叶耳- a pair of small, ear-like appendages at the base of the blade, that may not be present in older leaves. Awn 芒 - a thorn-like extension from the keel of the lemma. It is not present in all rice varieties. Bract 苞叶 small degenerated leafBrown rice (caryopsis) 颖果- the dehulled rice grain. Bud 芽苞？- a small protuberance on a node. It may give rise to a tiller. Coleoptile 胚芽鞘 - the cylinder-like protective covering of the young plumule幼芽. Coleorhiza 胚根鞘- the sheath covering the radicle. Collar 叶枕- the joint between the leaf sheath and leaf blade. Culm 茎- the round, smooth-surfaced, ascending axis of the shoot consisting of hollow internodes joined by solid nodes. Embryo 胚芽- the miniature plant developed from the fertilized (diploid) egg called zygote, which upon germination gives rise to a young seedling. It is located on the ventral side of the seed next to the lemma. Endosperm 胚乳- the nutritive tissues of the ripened ovary. It consists of the aleurone layer and the starchy endosperm. It serves as food for the germinating embryo. Flag leaf 剑叶- the last leaf just below the panicle. Floret 小花 - A unit of the spikelet. It includes the lemma, palea and the flower. Flower 花- It consists of two lodicules, six stamens and the pistil. Grain - the ripened ovary and its associated structures. Hull 外壳- the lemma and palea, and their associated structures. Internode 节间- the smooth, solid (when young), or hollow (when mature) part of the culm between two successive nodes. Keel 外颖的中间叶脉（龙骨瓣？）- the middle nerve of the lemma. Leaf - the vegetative part of a tiller consisting of the blade and sheath. Leaf blade - the flat and free portion of the leaf. Leaf sheath 叶鞘- the lower part of the leaf, originating from a node and wrapped around the culm above the node. Lemma 外颖- the five-nerved bract of the floret. Ligule 叶舌- a thin, upright, membranous structure attached to the base of the inside of the flower. Lodicules 浆片- the two scale-like structures near the base of the palea. Mesocotyl 中胚轴- the internode between the coleoptile node and the point of union of the culm and root in the young seedlings. It pushes the coleoptile above the soil surface. Midrib 中脉- the prominent ridge in the middle of the underside of the leaf blade. Neck (panicle base) 颈？- the nearly solid node between the uppermost internode of the culm and the panicle axis. 在茎的最上节间与花序轴之间的节。Node 节点- the solid portion of the culm. It may give rise to a leaf, a tiller, or adventitious roots. Ovary 子房- the bulbous, basal portion of the pistil which contains one ovule. Palea 内颖the three-nerved bract of the floret. Panicle（inflorescence）花序the terminal component of the rice plant which bears the rice spikelets. Panicle pulvini - the swellings in the axis of the primary panicle branches. Pedicel 枝梗- the stalk supporting a spikelet on the panicle branch. Pericarp layer - the wall of the ripened ovary and the outermost layer of cells covering the seed. Plumule 幼芽- the embryonic leaves of the young plants in the embryo. It is enclosed by the coleoptile. Pistil 雌蕊- the female reproductive organ consisting of the ovary, style and stigma. Primary panicle branches 一次分枝- the structures arising from the panicle axis. They bear the secondary branches. Primary leaf 鞘叶- the first seedling leaf. It does not have a leaf blade. Primary tillers 一次分蘖- tillers arising from the lowermost nodes of the main culm. Rachilla 小花轴- the small axis bearing the single floret. Radicle 胚根- the embryonic primary root. Rootlets 侧根- the lateral roots that grow endogenously from the mature root. Rudimentary glumes 副护颖- the laterally enlarged, cup-like apex of the pedicel. Second leaf 第二叶- the first differentiated leaf with blade and sheath. Secondary adventitious roots 不定根- roots arising from the nodes at the base of the plant. Secondary panicle branches 二次分枝- the branches arising from the primary branch of the panicle. They bear the spikelets. Secondary tillers 二次分蘖- tillers arising from primary tillers. Seminal roots - sparsely branched roots that replace the radicle and are later replaced by secondary adventitious roots. Septum 隔膜- the cross-sectional layer inside the node which separates adjoining internodes. Sheath pulvinus - the swelling at the base of the leaf sheath just above the node. Often mistermed as the node. Spikelet 小穗- the basic unit of the rice inflorescence consisting of the two sterile lemmas,