在英语中有26个字母.doc

在英语中有26个字母，其中a ，e ，i ，o， u 是元音字母，元音字母发元音，元音也叫元音音素，在音标中有一个元音音素就有一个音节，音节是英语音中最小的发音单位，其余21个字母是辅音字母。一.重读开音节词； 1.以不发音的元音字母e结尾，而中间只有一个元音字母的词.具体结构是；元音字母+辅音字母（r除外）+元音字母e(不发音) a e i o u2.以发音的元音字母结尾的词。例；ba he be hi no bu 等。二.重读闭音节词； 1.以一个（或一个以上）的辅音字母（r除外）结尾，而中间只有一个元音字母的词。 a e i o u 注意：1.c在e , i , y 前读s,在其它字母前读，. 2.重读闭音节词中，k一般不单独结尾，k前面如果没有其他辅音字母,它必须和c共同结尾,即ck/k/. 3.以f ，l ， s结尾的重读闭音节词，一般要双写以上字母. 4.f ,l , m , n ,在其他发音的元音字母前按汉语拼音读，在不发音的元音字母前或其他辅音字母前读/f/ ,/l/ ,/m/ ,/n/。 5.cl /kl/ , ct /kt/ 6.j /zh/ ch , sh , r , s , l 在词首，u在开音节中读/u:/ 7.-ket中的e读/i/三重读r音节词；ar/a:/ er/:/ ir./:/ or/:/ ur/ :四重读re音节词；are ere ire ore:ure五.成节音；在词尾，两个发音比较响亮的辅音音素如/b/ ,/p/,/m/,/f/,/d/,/t/,/n/,/l/,等合在一起读时，在没有元音音素的情况下，也可以构成一个音节，即成节音。 1.-ble /bl/ able, bubble, noble 2.-dle/dl/ idle, candle, middle 3.-ple/pl/ sample, apple, people 4.-tle/tl/ title, bottle, cattle 5.-den/dn/ sudden, ridden, garden 6.-don/dn/ pardon, London 7.-ten/tn/ written, mitten 8.-ton/tn/ button, Washington, mutton 9.-sen/sn/ lessen 10.-son/sn/ lesson. 经常用在某些男名后边，表示对男子的尊称。Tomson, Johnson Jackson 11.-cle/kl/ circle, uncle 12.-tain/tn/ certain, curtain切记；开1，闭2 13.mal/ml/ mammal两个重要的尾部 14.tal/tl/ capital hospital-er/,y/i/ 15.-scle/sl/ muscle 16.-stle/sl/ jostle 17.-ckle/kl/ shackle, sickle 18.-ften/fn/ often, soften 19.-sten/sn/ listen六.怎样划分音节； 1.分界线上只有一个辅音字母（r除外）时，则该辅音字母划归后面的音节，前面的按重读开音节读。able bible idle duty noble 2.分界线上有两个辅音字母（r除外）时，从中间划开，前后各一个，前面的按重读闭音节读。middle bubble ridden dinner 3.分界线上有两个辅音字母r时，从中间划开，前后各一个，前面的按重读闭音节读。mirror carrot arrow merry lorry 4.分界线上有两个辅音字母，第一个是r时，从中间划开，前后各一个，前面的按重读r音节读。garden parking burden dirty 5.分界线上只有一个辅音字母r时，则r划归后面的音节，前面的按重读re音节读。Irish hero Mary virus siren parent story七.浊化；在词首，两个清辅音音素前后紧接着读时，第二个浊化。 1./p/-/b/ spend spider spit sport 2./k/-/g/ skate skilling scale scot 3./t/-/d/ stand start student stolen 4./tr/-/dr/ stress stress strike strip strick 5/kw/-/gw/ square squid squirrel qu八.辅音连缀；在词首，两个辅音音素前后紧接着读时，先摆出第一个音素的口形，不等第一个音读完，就要向第二个音过度，即辅音连缀。 1.gr-/gr/grade grand green 2.bl-/bl/blank black bless 3.br-/br/broke broken brand 4.fl-/fl/fluster flag flock 5.fr-/fr/frame friend fry 6.pl-/pl/plan plate plus 7.pr-/pr/price prise pray 8.cr-/kr/crack cross cream 9.scr-/skv/scrible scramble scrape 10.spl-/spl/split splosh splatter 11.spr-/spr/sprat sprite sprog 12.thr-/r/throb thriller thrift 13.shr-/r/shrike shrimping shrank九前缀（重音一般在第二个音节上） 1.com-/km/comepete compile compelling commode commitment commence 2.a-/ago about appointment address attack3.be-/bi/ before behave began beginning 4.de-/di/ depend demarcate demist demand 5.dis-/dis/ （置于动词前，“不”)dislike dissemble dissent disrupt dispute 6.un-/n/ (置于形容词前，“不”)unlike unhappy unfunny 7.per-/p/ perfume perhaps performer 8.po-/p/politely potato police 9.re-/ri/replacemant repent repellent replete 10.pre-/pri/prepare precept precise predict 11.for-/f/forget forgotten forbid forbidden 12.to-/t/today tomato tomorrow together towards 13.mis-/mis/mistaken misfit mishandle misshapen 14.ex-/iks/excuse expensive export expressly 15.ex-/eks/expropriate expert exhale exhume 16.ex-/in/encumber encode encompass enduring 10 特殊字母的发音； 1.-ge/d3/page cage 2.-dge/d3/bridge fridge 3.j-/d3/just joker job jam juggle 4.x/ks/ox fox fix fax sex taxi 5.在词首读/j/yes gard yegg yore 在词尾重读音节中读/ai/by cry try dry fly在词尾非重读音节中读/i/dirty duty fifty crazy 6.gu其后紧跟元音字母时读/g/guess guide guard 7.-mb/m/lamb climb tomb 8.-mn/m/damn autumn 9.kn-/n/knock knitter knife 10.wr-/r/write writter wrangle 11.tr-/tr/traffic trading track 12.dr-/dr/drill druver drippy 13.tw-/tw/twin twist twig 14.qu-/kw/quest quick quilt 15.-ts,-ts,-tes,tes/ts/lets lets tastes kites 16.-ds,-ds, -des /dz/ hands rides11、 字母组合; 1.-tion/n/nation pation 2.-stion/sen/question suggestion 3.-ture/t/nature picture 4.al/:/fall call hall mall small 5.au/:/August fault 6.aw/:/paw law dawn draw 7.oar/ :/roar board 8.oor/ :/door floor 9.our/ :/your four court 10.augh/ :/naughty taught caught 11.ough/ :/ought fought bought broyght 12.igh/ai/high light right flight mighe 13.ee/i：/bee been meeting speed sheep 14.ea/i:/pea meat tea teach 15.ea/e/dead bread read(过去式） breakfast 16.ea/ei/great break 17.ea/i/real idea area 18.air/hair chair pair airport 19.ay/ei/lay play may day today way 20.ai/ei/aim train against painting 21.ey/ei/hey they key 22.ay在非重读音节中读/i/，monday yesterday 23.ey在非重读音中读/i/monkey donkey 24.eigh/ei/eight weigh weight neighbour 25.aigh/ei/straight 26.wh/w/why white while 27.wh/h/who whose whole 28.th/that that then this thus 29.th/thin thing thank thick 30.ou/au/outstanding mouse loudly about aloud 31.ow/au/how com now flower 32.ow/u/follow fellow window arrow 33.oun/aun/mountain pound ground count 34.own/aun/town down crown 35.oo在清辅音前读/u/look book hook loose foot cook 36.oo在浊辅音前读/u;/food noodles mood doom noon 37.oo在词尾读/u:/too waterloo bamboo 38.oo/blood flood 39.old,o在ld前读/ai/hold cold golden sold told 40ind, i在nd前读/ai/find mind kind behind blind 41.a在/w/音后读/war was wash 42.ar在/w/音后读/ ：/war warm warmer warning 43.oy /i/boy toy joy 44.oi/ i/boil coil boiling noise voice 45.ass/a：s/, /es/grass glass pass class 46.oa/u/coat load goat 47.i y 在非重读音节中读/i/skittish duty dirty 48.ue/u：/blue glue 49.ui/u：/fruit cruit 50.ph/f/photo phone phile 51.a, u, or, er, ir, our等在非重读音节中读/ 52.规则动词一般过去式（+ed）的读音。 A.在清辅音（/t/除外）后读/t/looked booked B.在浊辅音（/d/除外）后读/d/cleaned killed C.在元音后读/d/played snowed D.在/t/, /d/音后读/id/wanted waited needed 十二。后缀1.er/teacher worker driver2.or/actor visitor3.ist/ist/artist scientist environmentalist4.ism/izm/capitalism socialism5.ing/i /going shopping socialism 6.ful/fl/（形），careful beautiful7.ly/li/（副），loudly happily heavily har