现在完成时讲解及练习(附答案)-名师精讲 (1).doc

现在完成时先看几个例句：1. I have cleaned my room. 我已打扫了房间。2. He hasnt finished his homework. 他还没完成作业。 3.Have you read this novel ? 你看过这本小说吗？ Yes , I have. 是的，看过了。No, I havent. 不，没看过。4. We have studied English for two years. 我们已经学了两年英语了。5. They havent seen each other since 1998. 自从1998年他们就没再见过面。构成:肯定式：主语 + 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词. 疑问式：助动词Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词?否定式: 主语 + 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词. 例：I have worked here for 3 years.否定句：疑问句：回答：就划线部分提问：过去分词的构成分为规则变化和不规则变化两种：规则变化: a)一般情况下，在动词后直接加ed, 如play-played，work-worked，water-watered, finish-finished等;b)以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词, 把y 变成i 再加ed, carry-carried study-studied等;c)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节的动词要双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ed 如: stop-stopped，shop-shopped等。不规则变化：见一般时当中的不规则动词表 点击不规则动词表 写出下列动词的过去分词：put-hear-come-make-hurry- watch-swim-be- talk-want-study- stop- take-see-like- 二、用法：1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 I have cleaned my room. 我已打扫了房间(房间现在是干净的，不需要打扫了)They have left. -他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里I have had my lunch.-我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿2.表示过去已经开始, 持续到现在的动作或状态,I have learnt English for more than ten years.我已经学了10多年的英语。She has swum since half an hour ago.我已经游泳了半个小时 3表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历.I have never had a car (我从未有过汽车。)I have been there twice.动 词 填 空： 1._ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we _(do) that already. When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it an hour ago.2._ he _(see) this film yet? Yes. When _ he _(see) it? He _ it last week. 3. How many times _you_(be) there? 三、标志词常与already, never, ever, just, yet, before,up to now, so far, for the last few weeks since for a long time/for标志词的区别1.for +一段时间Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks. Hes studied English for 3 years.2. since +(表示过去某一时间的)时间点/单词/词组/ 从句(一般过去时)Eg. I have been here since 2000. I have been here since 5 years ago. I have been here since I graduated in 2000.注2): 对for或since引导的时间状语提问 必须用how long, 决不能用when.How long have you lived here?Eg. I have lived here for 10 years.注3): 短暂性动词不能和for或since引导的时间状语连用, 当然也不能用于how long引导的问句中 Eg.(误)I have left there for 5 years.(正)I have been away there for 5 years. 选用 for和 since填空:1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.6. Its five years _ we met last time.a）already 往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强 调或加强语气；yet 用于否定句和疑问句。He has already left here. 他已经离开这里了。Has he already left here? 他（真的）已经离开这里了吗？（表示加强语气）My teachers havent had breakfast yet. 我的老师们还没有吃早饭。Have you written to your parents yet? 你已经给你父母写过信了吗？b） never 是否定词，表示“从来没有”，而ever 表示“曾经”We have never been to the Great Wall. 我们从来没有去过长城。Have you ever been to Canada? 你们曾经去过加拿大吗？ c. just用于句中, 表示“刚刚”Eg. Ive just had breakfast. What have they just done?d. before在现在完成时中的用法用于句末, 表示“以前” Eg. Ive seen it before.四、短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些动词是：become, begin, buy, borrow,come (go, arrive), die, finish, join, leave, 为了表述这种意思,我们常用相应的延续性动词 来代替短暂性动词。become be, begin have , borrow keep, buy have, come (go, arrive, get) be here/there/in， die be dead, finish be over, join be in （be a member of ） l eave be away ( from), 五、与一般过去时的用法比较1现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，但现在完成时注意的不是事情本身，而是强调事情与现在保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结果，影响,一直延续到现在等）;而一般过去时，则只讲述发生在过去的动作和事情与现在没有关系。 eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已经买了一本英汉字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾买过一本英汉字典。H 第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：“He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has it” “过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典” 。H第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强 调说明。2常与一般过去时连用的典型的表示过去时间的状语:yesterday(昨天), the day before yesterday(前天),just now(刚才)， 时间+ ago, last +时间 等; eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago. We finished our task last week .六、完成时辨析)have/has gone to，have/has been to和have/has been in的区别have/has gone to: 表示某人已经去了某地现在还没回来, 可能现在正在某地或者正在去那里或回来的路上.have/has been to: 表示某人曾经去过某地, 但现在己经不在某地.Have/has been in:某人在某地Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year.Mum is not at home now. she _ the shop._ you ever _ to kunming ? Never.Where _ you _ these days?Has Jim arrived yet?Yes, he _ here for several days.Where is Peter? I dont know where he _.Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei is looking for you.完成时练习4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting.5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes. How _ she _(go) there? She _(go) there by air.6. So far, many countries _(develop) their software programs.7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last year.8.Mr Chen _(give) up smoking since last year.翻译下列句子：1. 你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？2. 我刚刚丢了我的语文书。3. 我以前从来没去过那个公园。4. 他已经吃过午饭了。5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？6. 我哥哥还没回来。7. 我自从上星期看过这部电影。8. 自从1992年他住在这里。9.这本字典我已买了三年了。10.他离开中国三年了 1.Have you eatten fish and french frise? 2.I have lost my Chinese book.3 I have never been to that park. 4.He has already had lunch.5 Have you seen this movie yet? 6 My brother has not returned.7 I have seen this movie since last week. 8 He has lived here since 1992.9 I have had this dictionary for three years. 10 He has been away China for three years.一、用所给词的正确形式填空1. Wei Fang isnt here. She_（go） to the reading room.2. Zhang Hong _（make） many friends since she came to Paris.3. She _（work） in this factory for ten years.4. They _（not hear） from each other since 1995.5. _ you _（finish） your homework yet? No, not yet.6. Where is Jim?He _（go） to Canada.7. How long _you_（be） at this school?8. I_（have） breakfast already.9. She _（study） English for three years.10. I _ never_ （see） such a wonderful match before。11He hasnt _ (see) the film. He is really looking forward to seeing it.12.I _(be) to Shanghai for several time.13、-_you _(be) to Beijing? -yes, I have. 14、Her parents _(not write) to her since they left. 15、How long have you _(teach) English in school? 现在完成时基础题1. How long have you _ here?A. comeB. gotC. arrivedD. been2. My grandpa died _ .A. at the age of my 2B. for 2 yearsC. when I was 2D. my age was 63. Jane has _ to Beijing. She will come back tomorrow.A. beenB. goneC. wentD. never been4. It is ten years _ I last saw her.A. afterB. sinceC. forD. that5. The Smiths _ in China for 8 years.A. has livedB. livedC. have beenD. live6. -Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black? -Sorry. He _ the Bainiao Park.A. has been toB. has gone toC. went toD. will go to7. _ reading the book yet?A. Have you finishedB. Were you finishing C. Had you finishedD. Are you finishing 8. Our team _ every match so far this year, but we still have three games to play.A. was winningB. has wonC. had wonD. wins 9. I shall tell you what he _at three oclock yesterday afternoon.A. has doneB. has been doneC. had been doingD. was doing 10. I _ my homework now.A. finishB. finishedC. have finishedD. had finished 11. The evening party _ .You are a little late.A. just beganB. just has begunC. has just begunD. has begun just now 12. The dog is still wet. It _ out of the rain.A. only just comesB. has only just coming C. was only just comeD. has only just come 13. I _ this radio for two years.A. usedB. useC. have usedD. am used 14. I _ from my brother for a long time.A. not have heardB. have not heardC. have heard notD. do not hear 15. I _ a college student for more than a year.A. becameB. have becomeC. wasD. have been 16. He _ home for nearly three weeks.A. has gone away fromB. has leftC. has been away fromD. went away from 17. -Did your brother go to America last year?- _ .A. No, he has never go thereB. No, he has never gone here C. No, he never was thereD. No, hes never been there 18. My uncle _ in that factory since 1958.A. workedB. had workedC. is workingD. has worked 19. I _ her since she was a little girl.A. knewB. knowC. had knownD. have known 20. His grandfather _ for thirty years.A. diedB. was deadC. has been deadD. has died 提高题1. -Who will go to the station to meet Lorry? -I will. I _ her several times.A. metB. have metC. had metD. will meet2. -What a nice dress! How long _ you _ it? -Just 2 weeks.A. will; buyB. did; buyC. are; havingD. have; had3.-Do you know Lydia very well? -Yes, She and I _ friends since we were very young.A. have madeB. have becomeC. have beenD. have turned4. -_ you ever _ to the US? - Yes, twice.A. Have; goneB. Have; beenC, Do; goD. were; going5. Since you dont want to go, I _ alone.A. will goB. goC. wentD. have gone 6. He _ in Shanghai in 196o.A. livesB. livedC. has livedD. is living 7. Robert _ in England a few weeks ago.A. arrivesB. has arrivedC. could arriveD. arrived 8. How long _ in Fujian?A. has he arrivedB. did he arriveC. has he beenD. arrived 9. Jack _ a letter to his parents recently.A. writesB. wroteC. writeD. has written 10.She has been here _ .A. after 1978B. for 1978C. in 1978D. since 1978 11. -How long _ you _a cold? -Ever since last night.A. have; gotB. have; hadC. have; caughtD. did; have12. She _ Mr. White for two years.A. has marriedB. has married toC. has been married withD. has been married to13. -Nice to see you. I _ you for a long time. -I _ in Beijing. Ive just come back.A. hadnt seen; amB. havent seen; was C. didnt see; will beD. havent seen; shall be14. How long have you _ your parents?A. heard fromB. got the letter fromC. had the letter fromD. received the letter from15. -Do you know Jack well? -Certainly. We _ friends for about ten years.A. wereB. have beenC. have becomeD. have made16. Lily with her parents _ the Greener China since two years ago.A. have joinedB. has joinedC. has been inD. have been in17. - _ have you been a green volunteer?-For more than three years.A. How oftenB. How longC. How soonD. How much18. -How long have you _ the football team of the school?-About two years.A. been onB. been atC. joinedD. played19. -Lets go to the Great Wall next Sunday. -Wed better not. We _ there three times. A. have beenB. are goingC. have goneD. will go20. Not only his parents but also his brother _ to the Summer Palace. They havent been back.A. have beenB. have goneC. has beenD. has gone中考题1. -Are you going to the bank, Laura? -No, I _ to the bank already.【2011江苏徐州】A. have been B. have gone C. am goingD. had been2. So far this year, many new houses _ in Wenchuan with the help of the government.【2011四川资阳】A. buildB. are builtC. will buildD. have been built3. My grandmother _ a lot of changes in Tianjin since she came here.【2011天津】A. seesB. can seeC. will seeD. has seen4. I _ many new friends since I came here. 【2011贵州毕节】A. makeB. madeC. will makeD. have made5. -Why wont you go to the movie with me, Gina? -Because I _ it twice.【2011襄阳】A. seeB. have seenC. sawD. will see6. -Wheres your father, Tom? -He _ to Changsha.【2011湖南永州】A. goesB. wentC. has gone7. Mr. White came to our school in 2001 , and since then he _ us English.【2011盐城】A. teachesB. taughtC. has taughtD. will teach8. -China develops so fast. -Thats true. It _ a lot already. 【2011安徽芜湖】A. changesB. changedC. will changeD. has changed 9. -May I speak to Mary? -Sorry, she isnt in. She _ to Japan and will come back in two weeks.【2011湖南衡阳】A. has beenB. has goneC. is going10. -Are Li Yan and Wang Mei still living in Pingba? -No, they _ to Shanghai.【2011贵州安顺】A. had movedB. movedC. will moveD. have moved 11. Mr. Fan _ this watch in 1999. He _ it for 6 years. 【2011泸州市】A .bought; has hadB. bought; hasC. has bought; has hadD. has bought; had 12. Mrs. Weng came back from France in 2008. She _ there for four years.【2011福建莆田】A. worksB. workedC. has worked13. I _ my hometown for a long time, I really miss it!【2011重庆】A. leftB. went away fromC. have leftD. have been away from14. -Where is John? -He _ the science lab.【2011广安市】A. has gone toB. has been toC. went to 15. - How do you like your English teacher? - He is great. We _ friends since three years ago.【2011兰州】A. wereB. have madeC. have beenD. have become16. -Hi, guys. Where are you heading now? -Home. We _ all our money, so we have to walk home now.【2011山东威海】A. spendB. spentC. have spentD. are spending 17. - _ you _ the movie Gongfu Panda II?【2011四川内江】 - Not yet. Ill see it this Sunday.A. Did; seeB. Do; seeC. Have; seen18. He promised to pick me up at the school gate. However, he _ yet.【2011安徽】A. didnt arriveB. doesnt arrive C. isnt arrivingD. hasnt arrived19. - Have you ever been to Nanning? - Yes, _ .【2011桂林】A. I wasB. I doC. I amD. I have20. I _ my homework, I guess I cant join you.【2011河北省】A. dont finishB. didnt finishC. havent finishedD. wont finish现在完成时答案基础题 1-5 DCBBC6-10 BABAC11-15 CDCBD 16-20 CDDDC提高题 1-5 BDCBA6-10 BDCDD11-15 BCBAB 16-20 CBAAD中考题 1-5 ADDDB6-10 CCDBD11-15 ACDAC 16-20 CCDDC不规则动词巧记表AAA型 过去式、过去分词与原形一致原形 过去式 过去分词 词义cut cut cut 切、割shut shut shut 关、闭（门窗）put put put 放置let let let 让set set set 设置hit hit hit 撞击hurt hurt hurt 受伤；疼痛cost cost cost 值钱；花费read ri:d read red read red 朗读；阅读AAB型 过去式与原形一致beat beat beaten 击败ABA型 过去分词与原形一run ran run 跑步；逃跑come came come 来become became become 变得；成为ABB型 过去式与过去分词一致buy bought bought 买fight fought fought 打架；打仗think thought thought 想；认为seek sought sought 寻找；探究bring