山东省冠县武训高级中学高中英语 unit2（languagefocus(1)）教案.doc

山东省冠县武训高级中学译林牛津版高中英语必修2unit2教案3（languagefocus(1)）教师看高考121 命题趋势分析单项填空是多年来高考试题中一直采用的一种题型。纵观历届高考试题，我们不难发现，单项填空按所考查的知识内容大致可以分为六类题型，即：语法结构类、固定搭配类、词语辨析类、上下文语境类、情景交际类和逻辑推理类。单项填空考查的知识点主要包括名词、代词、冠词、形容词、副词、动词短语、动词时态及语态、非谓语动词、情态动词、虚拟语气、定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句、强调句型、倒装句、省略句和情景交际等。近年来单项填空的题干设计越来越贴近生活。语言更加灵活。它既要求考生对英语语法知识、词语知识的记忆、理解、掌握和运用，又要求考生能够根据题干所给的语境条件进行分析、对比，灵活地运用各项英语基础知识。因此要做好单项填空题，考生除了在平时的学习中做好基础知识的积累外，还需要掌握一定的答题技巧，提高答题的准确率。122 解题策略1利用“有效信息”解题单项填空题题干中某些句子或短语会为选择答案提供必要信息，它对选择正确答案起着决定性的作用，我们称这些句子或短语为“有效信息”。2利用“英汉语言差异”解题近年来，日常交际用语仍然是单项填空题考查的重点之一。而且，这种题在许多情况下是以英汉两种语言表达习惯的不同来命题的。解答这类题时，切记要摒弃中文思维。3利用“语法分析法”解题单项填空题常考的语法项目有：时态和语态、非谓语动词、句式结构等。这类题许多情况下是放在一定的语言环境中来进行考查的。如果我们能结合试题的语言环境，并运用语法分析法，就会使很多难题迎刃而解。 4利用“标点提示”解题标点符号虽小，但可以提供很多信息。例如：疑问句之后要用问号；感叹句之后要用感叹号；句中有逗号，可提示此处有可能为非限制性定语从句，也有可能为非谓语动词作状语等等。所以，由标点符号人手，我们可以确定做单项填空题的解题思路，从而既快捷又准确地获得答案。123 考点知识精讲（一）语境分析法做这类题时，应注意充分了解上下文的句子结构；结合选项，分析句子的主干部分，采用此法，要注意语法和语境两个方面。例：we first met on a train in 2000.we both felt immediately that we each other for years .a.knew b.have known c.had known d.know 【答案与解析】此题考查动词的时态。根据题干所提供的信息，首先弄清说话谈论过去的事情，因此用过去时，排除、两项，然后考虑动词know发生在felt之前，即过去完成时。（二）语境交际法情景交际类试题，一定会有具体的语境。只要把语境分析清楚，就不难选出正确答案。此类题型一是要注意中西方文化的差异，二是要注意对话的语境与相应的作答，三是要注意对话所处的场合、环境及所属类型，四是注意相关句式在交际中的作用及上下文的内在联系。例：sorry ,i made a mistake again . .practice more and youll succeed .2008全国a.never mind b.certainly not c.not at all d.dont mention it 【答案与解析】certainly not 常用来回答别人问是否介意的问题；not at all 和dont mention it 用于别从致谢时的答语。只有never mind 符合语境。句意“对不起，我又出错了。”“没关系，多练习，你就会成功的。”这里考查别人致歉时如何安慰对方。（三）关键词语法顾名思义，这种方法就是找出题干中的关键词语和句子成分，联系选项的意思，从而做出正确的选择。例：did you return freds call ?i didnt need to ill see him tomorrow .a.though b.unless c.when d.because 【答案与解析】本题考查连词的用法。题干中答语意为“我不需要回电话，因为我明天就会见到他”，这里的关键词是didnt need ,可以推断应该选择一个表示原因的连词。（四）分析比较法对所给试题的语法知识和语境进行比较分析，弄清楚题干的真正意思，然后联系上下文，进行结构分析并作出正确的判断。例：einstein liked boses paper so much that he his own work and translated it into german .a.gave off b.turned downc.took over d.set aside 【答案与解析】此题考查短语的用法。题意为：受因斯坦很喜欢 bose 的论文以至于他把自己的工作置于一旁，把它翻译成德语。set aside “不顾；把置于一旁”；give off “发出，放出”；turn down “拒绝”；take over “接收，接管”。（五）对号入座法将自己掌握的词组意思与题干及选项之间的关系对照分析，然后将各个选项直接代入空格检查。从而选出正确答案。after studying in a medical college for five years,jane her job as a doctor in the countryside.a.set out b.took over c.took up d.set up 【答案与解析】句意：简在医学院学习五年后，在乡村当了一名医生。set out“出发，开始”；take over “接收，接管；take up “拿起，开始从事”；set up “设立，竖立”。只有选项符合语境。（六）还原法注意题干和选项的结构干扰。出题人可能会调整试题结构，如加入插入语，用疑问句、倒装句、省略句等使简单句复杂化，以增加干扰。解这类题只需要将句子进行还原，其结构便非常明了。for many cities in the world , there is no room to spread out further , new york is an example .a.for which b.in which c.of which d.from which 【答案与解析】本题考查非限制性定语从句。从句还原后成为“new youk is an example of many cities ”，所以用介词of。（七）排除法若有插入成分如i like , do you consider ,she sold me , to tell you the truth , in my opinion ,you know 等成分，分析句子成分时，可以将它们从句子中排除，使分裂的句子主干部分连接起来，使句子结构更加明了，这样就可以排除与句子意义和结构无关的选项。was most important to her , she told me ,was her family .a.it b.this c.what d.as 【答案与解析】此题考查引导主语从句的连词的选择。解此题的关键在于看出she told me 是插入语，将其去掉后，句子的主干部分应是what was most important to her was her family （对她来说最重要的是她的家庭），第二个was 是整个句子的谓语动词。所选词是用来引导主语从句，故可排除项和项。as 不能引导主语从句，也可排除。what 引导名词性从句在从句中作主语。（八）补全法补全法是解答高考英语单项填空题常用的一种方法，要求考生根据句意，将句子中省略的成分补上，然后再分析句子结构，从而找出答案。can those at the back of the classroom hear me ?a.seat b.sit c.seated d.sat 【答案与解析】考查非谓语动词中过去分词作后置定语的用法，该过去分词相当于定语从句，这里省略了who are ，补全后就成了those who are seated 。（九）逆向思维法克服思维定势的影响，换一个角度去思考问题，从后面所给的信息中提取与前面有关的信息并加以运用达到前后统一。he football regularly for many years when he was young .a.was playing b.played c.has played d.had played 【答案与解析】该题考查考生对题干中句子含义的理解以及对动词时态的掌握情况。由题干中的“for many years ”很多同学推断出应为现在完成时，但“for many years ”很多同学推断出应为现在完成时，但“when he was young ”这个时间状语表明“他”打球是过去式，未持续到现在。由“regularly”可知“他”过去经常打球，是一种过去的习惯性的动作，因此排除项。was playing 意为“正在打”；项为过去完成时，表“过去的过去”，本题并无此意。因此正确答案应为项。（十）逻辑推理法仔细分析题干，全面整合语境中的所有信息，然后根据语法知识和事理逻辑，推断出句子想要表达正确含义，从而找出正确答案。have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday ?yes , ,im going to visit some home s for the old in the city .a. if ever b.if busy c.if anything d.if possible 【答案与解析】if ever “如果曾有过的话”,（例如she seldom , if ever ,goes to the cinema “她难得看电影。”if busy 根据题意，是if i am busy 的省略，与下文语意矛盾；if anything 意思是“如果有什么的话”；if possible “如果可能的话”。题意为“如果可能的话，我将去城里的一些老年之家看看。”这四个选项都是相应的状语从句省略，其中if ever ,if anything ,if possible 已经成为固定结构，需要我们在平时的学习中了解其用法。（十一）文化背景分析法有些口语和说法完全来源于英语国家人们的语言习惯，是约定的。解题时要结合西方人的文化背景及风俗习惯。say , jane ,will you come with me to the game this friday ? , boy ,but i promised mary id go with her .a.my pleasure b.thanks c.take it easy d.forget it 【答案与解析】此题考查情景对话。对于对方的邀请表示感谢并委婉拒绝。情景对话要从礼貌出发。my pleasure 相当于its my pleasure ，用于回答对方的感谢。take it easy 意为“别着急，慢慢来”。forget it 意为“算了吧，别再提了”，常用于回答别人的感谢和道歉。（十二）综合分析法有些题目仅凭逻辑分析还难以找出答案，必须综合语法和事理逻辑进行分析，甚至兼用排除法等，才能解决问题。teenagers their health because they play computer games too much .a.have damaged b.are damagingc.damaged d.will damage 【答案与解析】本题考查现在进行时态的用法。根据句子后面的时态“because they play computer games too much ”和该句意思来进行综合分析后，可以推断出主句应该是现在一直在做的动作，故答案为项。.teaching procedures:step 1 greetingsgreet the students as usual.step 2 language pointsdeal with some language points in the text.1. ive been quite busy planning my holiday with my older brother. ( p22, line4)busy adj. 忙碌的，繁忙的be busy at/ with/ over sth. 忙于某事be busy (in) doing sth 忙于做某事jean is busy with/ at her work.the farmers are busy harvesting crops in the field.（尤指电话线） 正被占有的，不通的sorry, her phone is busy.2. we will go to africa first. i cant wait! ( p22, line7) cant wait to do sth 迫不及待地做laura could hardly wait to see the twins again. wait for sb to do sth 等待某人做某事im waiting for james to arrive. wait for sb./ sth. 等待某人/某物i bought a newspaper and waited for the train. wait on 服侍；服务the customer had not been waited on for quite a long time, so he drummed on the table with his fingers.3. we are going to ride camels through the sahara desert. ( p22, line11)辨析：across / through / over / past across “横过、跨过” 多指从一定范围内的一边到另一边，且在物体的表面上或沿着某一路线而进行的动作。 she went across the hall. 她从大厅的一端走到另一端。 through “穿过” 它表示的动作是在空间里进行。 she went through the hall. 她穿过大厅。 over “穿越、通过” 表示到达一座高的障碍物（如树、墙、篱笆或山脉等）的另一侧的动作。he jumped over the wall. 他跳过了墙。 past “从旁边经过” he ran past me in a hurry. 他急急忙忙地从我身边跑过。4. i expect it will be very hot( p22, line12)expect v. 期望；预料；预期expect to do 估计, 期望干某 expect sb. to do 期望某人干某事 expect+ that从句 期望干某事than expected 比预期的【经典考题】does this meal cost$50? i something far better than this! a. prefer b. expect c. suggest d. suppose5. we will be traveling by camel with local guides ( p22, lines13 )since we will be working every day for almost two weeks( p23, line28)after that, we will be moving on to tanzania( p23, line37)1)will be traveling等都用了将来进行时，表示安排要做的事或预计会发生的事。 he will be taking his exam next week.6. and the stars seem especially brilliant on clear nights. ( p22, line15) 特定的某一天，用介词onon monday on new years day on christmas eve 某一天的早晨，中午或晚上，用介词onon a dull afternoon of april 7th on a cold night on a quiet evening9. were going to travel down the river nile. ( p22, line20)down prep. & adv.此处为介词，意为“向下；往的下方，在（往）的下游，顺流而下”。归纳：“背道而驰的down和up”上联：up:高上北城入；下联：down：低下南乡出高和低：向高处或在高处用up；向低处或在低处用down.tom jumped up and caught the ball.we walked down the hill before sunset.上和下：向（江河）上游用up；向（江河）下游用down.the ship sailed down the river.北和南：向北用up；向南用down.城和乡：向城市用up；向农村用down.jack went up to the town while his sister went down to the countryside.入和出：入校用up；离校用down（尤指牛津、剑桥大学）every year a lot of students go up to oxford, while many students go down from it.10. the water actually gets quite rough. ( p22, line22)rough adj. i had a rough idea where the sunk ship lay.(粗略的)martin had a rough manner. (粗暴的)the ship sailed in rough seas.( 狂暴的)they lived a rough life on a small island.(简陋的)11. so, well go whitewater rafting. ( p22, lines22)go doing sth “去干某事” , 多指从事与体育、娱乐有关的活动。go swimming 去游泳 go skating 去滑冰 go shopping 去购物go camping 去露营 go surfing 去冲浪 go climbing 去登山go hunting 去打猎 go fishing 去钓鱼 go cycling 去骑车【经典考题】what about ?a. doing shopping b. do some shopping c. going shopping d. go shopping12. you have to wear a helmet and a life jacket for protection, just in case you fall into the water. ( p22, lines 23-24)in c