高考英语二轮复习 精品资料专题19 短文改错教学案（教师版）.doc

2013高考英语二轮复习 精品资料专题19 短文改错教学案（教师版）【2013高考考纲解读】【重点知识整合】解题步骤 1通读全文，掌握大意 快速通读短文，要迅速把握短文的题材、中心思想与故事的时间、地点、原因、结果以及人物关系等要素，并理清行文的时态、人物与逻辑等方面的问题。虽然短文改错是分行设错的，但判断只能以句子作为意义单位，做到行不离句，句不离文；孤立地在一词一句上寻觅错误的“只见树木，不见森林”的改错法很容易让人产生烦躁情绪，影响解题效果。因此，我们必须坚持从整体到局部，再从局部到整体，把握全局，用整体理解去攻克词、句、篇上的错误。 2整句理解，逐行分析 这是最关键的一步。根据词法和句法知识，检查和判断错误所在。可逐行检查主谓、时态、人称是否一致；关系词、代词使用是否正确；动词形式是否恰当；表达是否符合习惯用法等，分析判断所述多个考查项目在句中的正误。 3.复读全文，检查验证 将初步改错后的短文再次细读，检查并验证所做的答案是否使全文语气连贯流畅，行文逻辑是否合乎情理，全篇结构是否严密完整，凡遇不通之处要进行细致的分析和推敲，以便使答案更有把握。此时，若有一两个拿不准的，不可举棋不定，可以根据此项命题的特点，运用错误类型的比例来做最后定夺。 解题方法 1先易后难 在通读全文的过程中，可以将其中明显的冠词、固定搭配、主谓一致等拿得准的错误先行改正，第一遍解决不了的，第二遍重点突破，不断缩小包围圈，并要兼顾四种命题类型在历年高考中所占的比例。若发现某种题型在改错中占的比例过大或过小，便要重新推敲一下。当然这种比例历年也有些微变化，并非绝对。 2注意改错符号 教师讲课或教辅书由于时间和版面的限制，在给出短文改错练习答案时可能不规范，再加上同学们平时做练习时规范化不够，因而高考中可能出现仍按平时习惯，用文字或用箭头去表示改正方法的现象。 改错时，要严格按照高考要求来答题。高考试卷中每个大题前都写明了答题的要求，但仍有不少学生不规范答题，白白丢了应得的分数。主干知识整合短文改错的错词现象与规律短文改错的考点主要体现在以下几个方面：命题角度解题思路非谓语动词根据非谓语动词在句中的搭配、功能与表达的意义，判断在具体语境中该使用谓语动词还是非谓语动词，判断to是介词还是不定式的符号，判断接带to还是不代to的不定式，根据语境和搭配判断使用非谓语动词的什么形式名词从所有格、可数和不可数、单数还是复数的角度判断文章中名词的使用是否正确，名词的数或格有没有错误冠词单数可数名词前要加冠词；不定冠词与定冠词的区别；固定短语中冠词的使用词语搭配介词与动词、名词、形容词的搭配；副词与动词的搭配；固定句型及习惯搭配中小词的使用；动词短语中的介词搭配词性的错误使用词性错误使用的设置有：用形容词做状语，用副词做定语或表语， 或本该用形容词却用名词做表语等 连接手段的错误并列句、状语从句、名词从句、定语从句的连词是否正确；行文逻辑方面before与after、since等的使用是否正确；如果是并列句，要注意根据语境判断句子之间是转折、并列、选择、递进还是让步关系，从而选择正确的连词，是用and还是but，或者用or。一致性主谓是否一致(谓语动词的单、复数形式与主语保持一致)，时态不一致(动词的时态要与时间状语或上下文的时态保持一致)和代词的指代不一致(主格与宾格，或人称混淆的错误)平行结构行文逻辑平行结构常使用and，but，or或连词词组如not onlybut also，notbut，eitheror，neithernor，as well as等。注意根据语境和前后的搭配判断该结构的正确与否根据语境判断表示肯定还是否定含义，以及动作或时间顺序的先后【2013届云南师大附中月考】短文改错（满分10分）假如英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误。每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。welcome to happy restaurant! in our restaurant , you will enjoy a better taste and a better atmosphere. the cook, who are invited from spain and italy, brought us a lot of local food for the guests from different places. with a variety of delicious food choices, we strong believe that you will not have other food bought out of your restaurant. as you can see, all the guests enjoy the environment as well the tasty food because everybody doesnt forget to talking in a low voice. we believe that a quieter place is a better place for you to taste the food . if you are interesting in the recipe of our dishes, our cooks are ready to ask your questions. the dinner sets are not one-time used, but because you want to take anything in our restaurant for memory, please tell our waiters or waitresses. they are willing to help to you.增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1每处错误及修改均仅限一词； 2只允许修改十处，多者（从第11处起）不计分（试题内容见答题卡）【2013届河北省五校联盟调研考试】二、短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）下面短文中有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（ ），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下面画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。there are different train ticket for people to choose from when traveled by train.they may want to buy a single ticket and a return ticket. a single ticket allows them enjoy more freedom at their destination while a return one not only is cheaper butalso save them the trouble of buying the ticket when they decide to return. somepeople prefer hard seats to soft one. young people like to have hard seats becauseenjoy the company of other passengers is what they need during a journey.businessmen would not like to have soft seats. they want to have a good rest. when they get off the train, they were still energetic and can rapid go on to do their jobs.【2013届贵州遵义湄潭中学第三次月考】 短文改错(共10小题；每小题i分，满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文.文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。my brother tom was very selfish when he was a little boy. he did not want share things with other people. for example，when he bought a chocolate cake, he put them in a secret place where i couldnt find. then he ate it all by himself. he never helped other. he said he is busy. that is, a game of tennis making him very busy. he did not care if something he did made people angrily. for instance, on one night he played strong and loudly music till four oclock in the morning. but he is difference now. he often helps grandma with housework, helps mum with cooking and helps his classmates with their lessons.4. 【答案】 other others。【解析】此处意为“别人”，所以改为others；【考点定位】考查代词的用法5. 【答案】 busy前的is was。【解析】根据句意此处应用一般过去时；【考点定位】考查动词时态6. 【答案】 making made。【解析】此句却谓语，making改为made作谓语；【考点定位】考查句法结构7. 【答案】 angrilyangry。【解析】此处形容词angry作make的宾补；【考点定位】考查形容词的用法8. 【答案】 去掉on。【解析】“一天晚上”应为one night；【考点定位】考查习惯表达9. 【答案】 loudly loud。【解析】此处形容词loud修饰名词music；【考点定位】考查形容词的用法10. 【答案】 difference different。【解析】此处形容词作表语；【考点定位】考查形容词的用法【2013届辽宁省五校协作体高三联考】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（/）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1。每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。our class recently has had a heated discussion about if the historic old buildings should be tear down. opinions varies from one to another. some students support the protection of those buildings so they are carriers of history through which the future generations can deep understand the development of our city. beside, the historic old buildings can also arouse peoples love for the city. in the contrary, some other students think that the old buildings may hold back the development of economy and the process of modernization. it may affect the beauty of the city. as far im concerned, i approve of the former opinion. but if a building is worth of little, it may be proper to demolish(摧毁) it and make better use of that area. we should just weight the advantages and disadvantages. 3.【答案】varies vary【解析】根据主语opinions可知，谓语动词用复数形式；【考点定位】考查主谓一致10.【答案】weight weigh【解析】此处the advantages and disadvantages作宾语，其前应为谓语动词，所以改成weigh；【考点定位】考查动词作谓语的用法【2013届浙江省十校联合体高三上学期联考】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）下面短文中有10处语言错误。请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写上该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。例如：it was very nice to get your invitation to spend weekend with you. luckily i was am completely free then, so ill to say “yes”. ill arrive in bristol at around 8p.m. in friday evening. on this morning on my way to school i was deep moved by what i saw outside a bank. an old man was counting his money in the front of the bank. suddenly a this morning on my way to school i was deep moved by what i saw outside a bank. an old man was counting his money in the front of the bank. suddenly a young man came running and knocked him down. to make things bad, his money was lying in all direction. at once the people around rush to pick the money up, while the old man stood there, not know what to do. surprisingly, everyone gave back the money they had just picked. the old man counted the money again and found that not a single bill was missed. to my great joy, there are now a lot of nice people in your life. its true what honesty is more important than money! 【2013届四川省成都外国语学校高三11月考】短文改错（共10小题；每题1.5分，满分15分）文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误只涉及到一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并且在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用（）划掉。修改：在错词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改后仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者从第十一处起不记分。most families in china hoped their single children will have a happy future, they are very strict with their children .so do teachers in schools! many children are given so much homework that they have hardly any spare time have sports .the children are forbidden to do anything but to study. no wonder many a child are tired of lessons. some even attack or kill his parents and teachers! i believe many people already read this kind of news in newspapers or magazines .shouldnt we draw lesson from the accidents? now our government is carrying on a plan to solve the education problem .【答案】histheir【解析】parents前的代词应和主语some保持一致，故用their；【考点定位】考查代词指代一致【答案】already前加have【解析】此处根据时间状语already可知用现在完成时；【考点定位】考查动词时态【答案】lesson前加a【解析】此处draw a lesson为一个短语，意为：吸取教训；【考点定位】考查冠词的用法【答案】onout【解析】此处carry out意为：执行；执行计划来解决教育问题。【考点定位】考查动词短语的用法【2013届河南中原名校高三第三次联考】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（），并在此符号下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。health is more important than wealthgood health makes it is possible for us to enjoy our life and achieve what we hope in our careerto keep fit, firstly, it is much important for us to take more fruits and vegetable because they provide vitaminsand we should keep a balancing diet and avoid food what is rich in sugar and fatsecondly, wed better exercise every day to make our bodies as strongly as possiblebeside, we should avoid too much work pressurefinally, we should get rid of bad habits that damaged our health, such as drinking and smokingif we stick to the advice given up, we will lead a healthy life【2013届山西省山大附中高三期中】短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号，并在此符号下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线划掉。修改：在错词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2、只允许修改10处，多者从第11处不计分。in modern society, competition is everywhere. no wonder a english philosopher considers competition the source of a series of problem such as frustration and anxiety. therefore, if we stress cooperation too much, there would be no progress. in my opinion, all are important and necessary.lets take the competition at school for example. even a gifted student wont make a remarkable progress if he is in a class without competition. thats because competition, and rather, challenge is a driving force made him go forward. on the other hand, if we dont cooperate with each other, its impossible for us learn from each other. and thats why most of the great discoveries or inventions in the modern world are the result of cooperation.to conclude, those who laugh last are the people who can successful cope with the relationship between competition and cooperation.【解析】此处it是形式主语，后面的动词不定式的复合结构作真正的主语；【考点定位】考查不定式的用法【答案】successfulsuccessfully【解析】此处副词修饰动词短语cope with；【考点定位】考查副词的用法【2013届浙江省重点中学高三期中联考】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，共有10处语言错误。请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号(/)，并在其下面写上该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。注意：1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者(从11处起)不计分。 manager,i am an exchange student from china. yesterday, i went to your cinema to see a film. the film was very well, but i did not enjoy it because there were some problem in the cinema.first, the film was delayed as there were so much advertisements at the beginning. it was rather annoyed. second, the sound of the film was too loud that i could hardly bear. the exit signs could not be seen clearly, which presented potential safety hazards. if something terribly should happen, it will be difficult for people to get out quickly.as a visitor to your city, im disappointed with my experience in your cinema. i am writing a letter in the hope that you can consider on these problems and make more improvements. yours faithfully,li hua【答案】wellgood 【解析】此处指电影好，用good；well作形容词，意为：身体好；【考点定位】考查形容词的用法【答案】problemproblems【答案】athe【解析】此处特指“正在写的信”，故用the；【考点定位】考查冠词的用法【答案】去掉on【解析】此处consider是及物动词，后直接带宾语；【考点定位】考查consider的用法【高频考点突破】短文改错的目的是测试考生发现、判断、纠正一些词法、句法以及语篇中的行文逻辑等方面错误的能力。它既能考查考生的词汇和语法方面的能力，也能考查考生的阅读理解能力。其考查的角度可以概括为以下三个方面： 一、 词法型词法的测试包括：定冠词和不定冠词的用法；名词的单复数和名词所有格；动词的时态、语态、语气、情态动词和非谓语动词等；人称代词的格、物主代词、指示代词、连接代词、不定代词等的用法；介词的搭配；并列连词、从属连词的用法；形容词、副词的区别以及比较级和最高级的用法；固定搭配和习惯用法。 二、 句法型句法的测试包括：主谓语在数上的一致；名词性从句；定语从句；强调句型；句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性及逻辑性。三、 语篇型语篇的测试包括：上下文中的时态是否一致；上下文中的代词是否一致；上下文中的逻辑是否一致；上下文中的词、词组、从句的替代是否正确。【例7】i didnt think she looked like grandma.” “neither did me.” said mother cheerfully. 【解析】考查代词的格。me改为i。 这是一个倒装句，作主语，应用主格。【例8】my sister wanted get out of the shop as fast as she could when a shop assistant came over to us.【解析】考查小品词的遗漏。wanted后加 to。want to do sth.为固定用法。【例9】my sister saw a lovely cup when we are shopping the other day. she liked it at once. then 【解析】考查动词的时态。are改为 were。时间状语为the other day（不久前某一天；几天以前），所以应该用一般过去时。【例10】without a moments delay, his neighhor pricked up the box but announced:“i ll take them. ” 【解析】考查逻辑连词。but改为and，很显然，拿起来和宣布说“我买了”是并列、承接关系，所以要用并列连词and。【做题指导】短文改错一直是学生在应考时失分较多的题型。这主要是因为设错的内容多为学生在平常进行语言操练时常犯的错误。比如：写作中用到的关键词，语言学习中的负迁移现象，容易忽视的虚词、小品词等。做好短文改错题应注重以下技巧：一、 谨记答题原则（1）“规范性”原则：要严格按照示范规定的符号改错。（2）“四不改”原则：单词拼写不改。大小写不改。词序错误不改（应从错词或少词方面考虑）。标点符号不改。（3）“五改动”原则：忠实于原文原则（不可改变原文的原意）。一对一原则（一错一词）。错误以改动最少为原则。虚词以添加或者删除为原则。实词以改变形式为原则。二、 规律常见错误常见错误（1）“不一致性”错误主要包括：主、谓语不一致；时态不一致；语态不一致；名词的单、复数不一致；代词指代不一致；搭配不一致等。【例4】.he will say some words that is nice and warm. still, your happiness makes him happily too.【解析】考查主、谓语一致。is改为are。that代指先行词words，所以谓语动词要用复数。常见错误（2）“行文逻辑”错误这种错误主要是运用行文逻辑，考查连接手段。谨记两种句式：并列句（并列连词），复合句（从属连词）；六种关系：转折关系，选择关系，层递关系，并列关系，因果关系，同位关系；一种变化：语义的曲折变化。如：肯定与否定，方位与时空的转移等。常见错误（3）“平行结构”错误平行结构是指两个或更多的词、词组或从句具有相似或相等的句法功能。在表达相互平行的概念时，要使用相同的语法结构，即动词与动词相配，形容词与形容词相配，分词与分词相配，不定式与不定式相配，短语与短语相配。平行结构经常借助于并列连词and，but，or或连词词组not onlybut also，notbut，eitheror，neithernor，as well as等。常见错误（4）“词性、词形”错误主要包括名词的单复数变化、代词的词形变化以及形容词和副词的词形变化。弄清词性与词性之间的相互修饰关系。比如：形容词修饰名词，副词修饰形容词、动词、分词等。常见错误（5）“动词的变化”错误主要包括时态的词形变化、被动语态的词形变化、非谓语动词的词形变化以及第三人称单数等。【例15】 “excuse me,” she said, put her arm around the unhappy old woman.【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处是分词短语作伴随状语。此时是主谓关系，故用putting。【例16】i notice(d) mother looking at a nearby table occupy by an elderly woman and young couple.【解析】考查非谓语动词。occupy改为occupied。此处是分词短语作后置定语，occupy 与table是被动关系，故应用过去分词。【例17】after hear your sad stories, he will say some words that is nice and warm.【解析】考查非谓语动词。hear改为hearing。after是介词，后接名词或动词-ing形式。常见错误（6）“特殊疑问词”“连词”和“引导词”错误特别是which和that引导定语从句、抽象名词后面常常跟that引导的同位语从句等。【例18】 here is my idea about how a friend is like.【解析】考查特殊疑问词。how 改为what。由what引导宾语从句，从句中like缺宾语。【例19】 no lectures this morning so i think id email you and let you know what things are going.【解析】考查特殊疑问词。what改为how。句意是如何让对方知道情况的进展，故应用为how。常见错误（7）“多词”错误多词错误一般有如下几种类型：1)受母语思维影响，出现汉语式结构，造成沉言；2)不明词义内涵，造成词义重叠；3)介词多余；4)助动词、系动词多余；5)多冠词；6)定语从句中的成分重复；7)程度副词和频率副词，如 much，more，often等的多余；8）多余小品词to等。【例20】the woman smiled happily as she accepted to it.【解析】考查多余小品词。去掉to。accept是及物动词，其后直接接名词或代词作宾语。【例21】i never knew much about her except for that she was strange. 【解析】考查多余介词。去掉for。except that直接接宾语从句，无需再用for。【例22】david pointed to a path which it he thought would probably lead to a village. 【解析】考查语义重叠。去掉 it。it与其前的关系代词 which 语义重复。常见错误（8）“缺词”错误缺词现象常见有：1）缺系动词；2) 缺介词；3) 缺冠词、物主代词等限定词；4) 在定语从句中缺关系代词或关系副词；5) 缺连接词； 6) 缺否定词； 7) 缺不定式符号to等。【2013届丹东市四校协作体高三摸底】短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分) 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出改正后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。snow came a bit later this year than usually. after school, we took a bus to go back home in noon. on the way, we were attracted by the amazing scenery trees, houses, and even cars were covered with purely white snow. how desperately we want to play in the snow! however, when we got off the bus, we immediately ran to a square nearby to enjoy the very spirits what the snow brought us. despite the cold weather, we had a great fun playing with the snow. many passer-by watched us laughing and playing, with smiles on his faces. occupying with our study every day, we would like to regard it a refreshing experience for us all. 【2013届浙江省诸暨草塔中学杭高10月考】短文改错at first, i was not quite willing to sit down and watched the 90-minute football match.usually i just checked the results because i thought that was dull to watch a game in that players kicked a ball to each other. therefore, my father loves football. during the world cup in 2006,my dad stays up late just to watch his favourite sport. seeing him strongly interest in this game of22 men run after a ball, i decided to sit down to watch the game. i found game excited, and my dad explained for the rules. we shared our joy. football is not too badly as long as i watch it withmy dad!【答案与解析】【2013届甘肃甘谷一中第二次检测】短文改错（ 共 10小题：每小题15满分l 5分） 下文中共有十处错误，每句中最多有两处，错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号)，并在此符号下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2、只允许修改十处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。dear wang ping,im very glad to have received a letter you sent me two weeks before. ive been thinking about the question you ask me. in my opinion, you should come back after you finish your studies at abroad. for one reason, what you are studying is bad needed nowadays in china. it will be quite easy of you to find a good job. in fact, i know that a few big company in our city are hoping to hire people like you. for other reason, i think it will be much more convenient for you to look after your parents as we are getting old. therefore, i think its a good idea for you to return. so what are you waitin?best wishes. yours， li hua【难点探究】探究点一 必须记住的错误类型 （一）词法错误 1形容词和副词的误用。如alike，asleep，awake等形容词是不能用作定语的。 2介词的误用。例如：he is a sick man whom we are looking at。这里的at误用，因为从这个句子的he is a sick man可以判断出他需要照顾，而不是“看”(look at)，所以at应该改为after。 3代词的误用。如有someon