高考英语知识点复习教案16.doc

2014高考英语知识点复习教案知识清单重点单词1._vt.保护；保存_n保护；保存2_n.建筑_n建筑师3_adj.反常的；不正常的_adj.正常的4_vt.使泄气；使灰心_adj.泄气的；灰心的_adj.令人泄气的5_vt.钦佩；羡慕_adj.令人钦佩的；极佳的_n钦佩；欣赏6_v遭受(痛苦)_n痛苦；苦难7_v鼓掌_n鼓掌8_adj.明显的；显而易见的_adv.看来；显然9_n重要性；意义_adj.重要的10_vt.放弃；遗弃_adj.被丢弃的；被遗弃的重点短语1._on指望；依靠2.comeinto_出现3end_最终成为；最后处于4.come_偶然遇见5_up断绝关系；分成小部分6._out试验7putup_容忍；忍受8.hold_支撑起9now_既然；由于重点句式1.however,muchmorethanbuildingsandobjects,it_istheformsofthepeoplewhowerecaughtinthedisasterthathavemadethecityamonumenttohumanhistory.2it_was_the_first_timehelenhadunderstoodsuchacomplexwordawordforsomethingshecouldnttouch.核心语法1.过去完成时2get/have宾语过去分词自我校对重点单词：1preserve;preservation2.architecture;architect3.abnormal;normal4.discourage;discouraged;discouraging5.admire;admirable;admiration6.suffer;suffering7.applaud;applause8.apparent;apparently9.significance;significant10abandon;abandoned重点短语：1count2.view/being3.up4.across5.split6.try7.with8.up9.that重点词汇探究1abandonvt.放弃；遗弃；抛弃n.放任；放纵abandononeselfto沉湎于(相当于beaddictedto)abandononescountry背弃祖国abandononesfriend背弃朋友abandonabadhabit戒除恶习abandononeshope/plan/idea放弃某人的希望/计划/主意withabandon放纵地；肆意地abandonedadj.被遗弃的；自暴自弃的；无耻的；堕落的abandonmentn.遗弃；抛弃1)thematch_becauseofbadweather.比赛因天气恶劣而取消。2)he_despair.他陷入绝望中。3)thebrokenbikewasfound_bytheriverside.人们发现那辆损坏的自行车被扔在河边。4)_shipor_hope.不弃船，必死无疑。(要么放弃船要么放弃希望。)【答案】1)wasabandoned2)abandonedhimselfto3)abandoned4)abandon;abandon(1)用abandon的适当形式填空1)我们必须力劝吸烟的人戒掉这个习惯。wemusturgepeoplewhosmoketo_.2)我放弃了当医生的梦想。iabandoned_adoctor.3)那位年轻人除了沉溺于玩乐什么都不做。theyoungmandoesnothingbut_pleasure.【答案】1)abandonthehabit2)mydreamofbeing3)abandonhimselfto(2)名校押题1)(2010湖南示范性高中高三3月联考)theprojecthadtobeabandonedlargely_alackofgovernmentfunding.aaccordingtobduetocinthenameofdintheeyesof【答案与解析】b考查短语辨析。题意：主要由于缺乏政府资金而使得这项工程被迫放弃。accordingto“根据”；dueto“由于”；inthenameof“以名义”；intheeyesof“在心目中；从来看”。2)(2010无锡模拟)fivedaysaftertheearthquake,rescuers_allhopeoffindinganymoresurvivors.aabandonedbaccumulatedcattacheddadvocated【答案与解析】aabandon“放弃”；accumulate“积累”；attach“附加”；advocate“提倡”。a项符合题意。2preservevt.保护；保存；保养；贮存preserve.from.保护以免preservationn.保存；保管preservativen.防腐剂1)wemustencouragetheplantingoftrees_ourexistingforests.我们必须鼓励植树并且保护现有的森林。2)wewilldoeverything_peace.我们将尽一切努力维护和平。【答案】1)andpreserve2)topreserve(1)完成句子1)thegovernment_oftheindividualperson.政府保护个人的权利不受侵犯。2)saltandspiceshelp_.盐和调味品有助于贮存肉类。【答案】1)preservestherights2)topreservemeat(2)名校押题(2010湖北百校联考)insummer,largecropsoffruitmaybe_byfreezingorbottling.apreventedbpreservedcreserveddprotected【答案与解析】bpreserve“储藏；保存”，主要指防止(食物)腐败，强调使不受破坏。3witnessvt.当场见到；目击；为作证vi.作证n目击者；证人；证据givewitnessonbehalfofsb替某人作证beawitnessto.是的目击者witnesstosth/doingsth作证/证明某事/做某事bear/givewitnesstosth作证；证明某事1)iwas_theirquarrel.我是他们吵架时的目击者。2)wewere_themostimportantscientificdevelopmentofthecentury.我们正见证着本世纪最重要的科学进展。3)i_thetrafficaccident.我目睹了那次交通事故。4)he_havingseenthemanenterthebuilding.他作为证明看到那个男人进入这个建筑物的证人。【答案】1)awitnessto2)witnessing3)witnessed4)witnessedto(1)用witness的适当形式填空1)thepolicefoundthe_themurdercase.2)lifewithoutafriendisdeathwithout_.【答案】1)witnessto2)witness(2)名校押题(2010江西南康中学高三9月月考)ourcountryhas_greatchangesinthepast20years,whicharetheresultofreformandopeningup.aappearedbhappenedctakenplacedwitnessed【答案与解析】d考查动词词义辨析。首先要选择及物动词，而appear，happen，takeplace都是不及物动词，同时只有witness合适。题意：我们国家见证了过去20年间所经历的巨大变化，这是改革开放的结果。4occurvi.发生；出现，存在；被想起；浮现occurancen.发生的事情；存在的事情；发生；存在；出现occurtosb发生在某人身上itoccurstosbtodosth某人想起做某事；某人突然想起1)thatplanecrash_onlyminutesaftertakeoff.那飞机在起飞几分钟后就撞毁了。2)abrilliantidea_me.abrilliantidea_me.abrilliantidea_me.我想到一个极好的主意。3)it_hemightbeintrouble.我怎么也没有想到他会遇上麻烦。4)misprints_oneverypage.每页都有印刷错误。【答案】1)occurred2)occurredto;cameto;struck3)neveroccurredtomethat4)occuroccur,happen,takeplace和comeaboutoccur较正式，既可以指自然发生，也可以指有意安排。happen一般用语，强调事情发生的偶然性。takeplace“发生；举行”，指事先计划安排好的事情。comeabout侧重事情发生的原因，常与how连用。以上单词或词组都没有被动语态用法。(1)用所给单词或短语的适当形式填空1)whendidtheaccident_？2)it_methathemightagreewiththeidea.3)theconcertwill_nextsunday.4)howdidthequarrel_？5)it_herthatshemightadoptahomelesschild.【答案】1)happen2)occurred/cameto3)takeplace4)comeabout5)occurred(2)名校押题(2011山东实验中学月考)i_alongthestreetlookingforaplacetoparkwhentheaccident_.awent;wasoccurringbwent;occurredcwasgoing;occurreddwasgoing;hadoccurred【答案与解析】c考查时态。题意：我正沿着街道找停车位，这时发生了交通事故。此处是when(这时；突然)句式之一“beabouttodowhen.”。5burstvi.爆裂；爆发n.突然破裂；爆发burstforth突然出现；突然爆发出；突然喊出burstinto“突然闯入；突然起来”，后通常接具有动作意义的名词。burstout“突然起来”，后通常接动词的ing形式。1)therewasnowaterintheroombecausethepipe_.房间里没水了，因为水管在寒冷的冬天爆裂了。2)ashefinishedhisspeech,theaudience_.他结束讲话时，观众中爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。3)suddenlythedoor_andpoliceofficerscarryinggunsrushedin.突然房间被撞开，武装警察携枪闯了进来。【答案】1)burstinthecoldwinter2)burstintoapplause3)burstopen(1)完成句子1)她一听到这悲伤的消息，就失声痛哭。scarcelyhadsheheardthesadstorywhenshe_.scarcelyhadsheheardthesadstorywhenshe_.2)看到所发生的事情他大笑了起来。seeingwhathadhappened,he_.seeingwhathadhappenedhe_.【答案】1)burstoutcrying;burstintotears2)burstoutlaughing;burstintolaughter(2)名校押题1)(2010江苏泰州一模)strugglingunsuccessfullytocontrolhimself，mrsmith_aloudandlongsigh.aburstintobburstoutcburstdowndburstup【答案与解析】bburstinto后接名词；burstout后接动词的ing形式。2)(2010杭州模拟)both_and_laughterdoharmtoyourhealth.aburstoutcrying;burstintobtoburstouttears;toburstintocburstingintotears;burstingintodburstingintocrying;burstingout【答案与解析】cburstoutcrying/laughing;burstintotears/laughter表示“突然哭/笑起来”之意，这两个短语作主语，故用ing形式。6expandvt.使变大；使增强vi.膨胀；扩张；增加；增强expansen.c广阔区域expansionn.u膨胀；扩张expansiveadj.友好的；可扩大的1)thehotelwantsto_itsbusinessbyaddingaswimmingpool.宾馆想通过添加一个游泳池来扩大业务。2)wehaveplansto_intotheusmarket.我们打算扩展业务进入美国市场。【答案】1)expand2)expandexpand,extend,increase和spreadexpand为最普通用语，主要指物体由于外力或内力的作用而使面积、体积、数量等变大，也可以用于抽象事物。extend本义为“伸展”，一般引申为“扩展范围、领域”等。用于比喻意义时，表示影响、势力和范围都超过目前。另外，extend也可用于拉长，拉宽等其他引申意义，此时常可与stretch互换使用。increase指数量、尺寸、大小等增大，通常与数据连用(如增加到；增加幅度等)。spread“传播”，通常指消息、疾病、细菌等扩散、传播开来。thecoffeeshopmayexpandintoafullrestaurant.那家咖啡店将可能扩展成为一家完善的餐馆。parkingrestrictionsdonotextendto(include)disabledpeople.停车限制不适用于残疾人。ineedtoextendmyvisa(makeitlastlonger)我需要延长我的签证期。investmentsarecertaintoincreaseinvalue.投资一定会增值。thesalaryis18,000yuanayear,increasingby3,000yuan.年薪是一万八千元，增加了三千元。areyouspreadingrumoursagain？你又在散播谣言吗？(1)单项填空aftersomefurtherdiscussionbetweenkittyandtammyabout_thevillageschoolsystemtoothercommunitiesaroundhebe,kittyandileft.aexpandingbextendingcincreasingdspreading【答案与解析】b考查动词辨析。题意：在kitty和tammy就村级学校体制推广到赫柏周边的其他社区进行了进一步商讨之后，我和kitty就离开了。extend“扩展；延伸(范围)”。(2)名校押题(2010湖南师大附中月考)badhabitsshouldbe_thatwilldoyouharm.aexpandedbabandonedcreleaseddreminded【答案与解析】b题意：对你有害的坏习惯应当抛弃。abandon“抛弃；放弃”；expand“扩张”；release“发行；释放”；remind“提醒”。7eageradj.渴望的；热心的beeagerforsth渴望得到；热切beeagertodosth渴望做某事beeagerforsbtodosth渴望某人干某事beeagerthat从句渴望1)he_success.他渴望成功。2)she_seeherson.她渴望见到儿子。3)tom_youtocometotheparty.汤姆期待你来参加晚会。4)themanager_thattheproject(should)bestartedearly.经理热切盼望这项计划能早日进行。【答案】1)waseagerfor2)iseagerto3)waseagerfor4)iseageranxious是eager的近义词，也常用于beanxiousfor,beanxiousabout,beanxioustodo以及beanxiousthat.句型。weareanxiousforyoursafereturn.我们盼望您平安归来。heisanxioustoseehiswife.他渴望见到妻子。shewasanxiousforthemalltoleavetheroom.她希望他们全都离开这个房间。shewasanxiousthathe(should)comewithher.她渴望他能与她同行。hisparentswereanxiousabouthissafety.他的父母很担心他的安全。(1)单项填空mygrandmotheralwaysgetsabit_ifwedontreachthehouseontimewhenwesaywewill.aanxiousbashamedceagerdpatient【答案与解析】aanxious“着急的”；ashamed“惭愧的”；eager“渴望的”；patient“耐心的”。(2)名校押题(2011东北三校联考)afteryangliweisucceededincirclingtheearth,chineseastronauts_walkinspace.aanxioustodobeagerforcaredyingtodarelongingto【答案与解析】cbedyingtodosth“渴望做某事”。8gradualadj.逐渐的；逐步的graduallyadv.“逐渐地”，相当于littlebylittle,bitbybit。1)itsaprocessof_development.这是一个逐渐发展的过程。2)therehasbeena_increaseinthenumberofpeopleowningcars.拥有汽车的人数在逐渐上升。【答案】1)gradual2)gradual(1)单项填空theclubisdiscussingtheproblemrightnow.itwill_havebeensolvedbytheendofnextmonday.aeagerlybhopefullycimmediatelydgradually【答案与解析】b本题主要考查副词词义辨析。hopefully“有希望地”。(2)名校押题(2010辽宁十校一模)cuttingdowntreeswithoutanypurposewillgradually_harmtoourenvironment.amakebdoctakedpay【答案与解析】bdoharmto.“对有害”，是固定搭配。9presentv.赠送；提交adj.出席的n.礼1)theprincipal_adiplomatoeachofthegraduates.theprincipal_eachofthegraduateswithadiploma.校长授予每一位毕业生毕业证书。2)theprize_tothewinner.thewinnerwaspresentedwiththeprize.优胜者获得奖品。3)about300papers_attheconference.会上提交了大约三百篇论文。presentitself出现；呈现presentoneself出席；到场atpresent目前；现在atthepresenttime目前；现在forthepresent目前；当前uptothepresent至今；到现在为止4)hehadto_asmilingfacethoughheavyhearted.虽然忧心忡忡，但他还得露出一副笑容。5)howmanypeoplewere_atthemeeting？到会的有多少人？6)imnotatallsatisfiedwiththe_situation.我对目前的情况一点都不满意。7)heoftengavehisneighborskidslittle_.他常常送些小礼物给邻居家的孩子们。【答案】1)presented;presented2)waspresented3)werepresented4)present5)present6)present7)presents(1)单项填空alltheyoungpeople_atthebirthdaypartywerehisfans.apresentbthankfulcinteresteddimportant【答案与解析】a考查形容词。present(adj.)在此作后置定语修饰alltheyoungpeople。题意：所有出席生日晚会的年轻人都是他的崇拜者。(2)名校押题(2010河北邯郸模拟)tombrownknewhewasonlyanathlete,buthe_hisowncountry.apresentedbexpressedcrepresenteddexpected【答案与解析】crepresent“代表”。题意：汤姆布朗知道他只是个运动员，但代表了自己的国家。重点短语探究1inaway在某种程度上intheway挡道；妨碍别人inthisway用这种方法alltheway一路上；自始至终ontheway在路上bytheway顺便说1)_，youcouldsaythateverybodyisselfishalittle.在某种意义上，你可以说每个人都是有点自私的。2)_，iwouldpreferthattheydidntcomebecauseitwouldmeanextrawork.在某种程度上我不希望他们来，因为这将意味着额外的工作。【答案】1)inaway2)inaway(1)用way短语填空1)thegrasslandgoesback_tothefootofthemountain.2)_，wouldyoupleasesendthesepostcardsformeontheway?3)_，hefinallycompletedthewholedistancein40hours.【答案】1)alltheway2)bytheway3)inthisway(2)名校押题(2010四川绵阳南山中学模拟)hearingthegoodnews,thelittlegirlsran_home.ainthewaybonthewaycbythewaydallherway【答案与解析】drunallthewayhome“一直跑回家”。2comeacross遇到；碰见1)i_inoxfordstreetthismorning.今天早上我在牛津大街碰见一位老校友。2)perhapsishall_somewhereinthepark.也许我会在公园的某个地方遇到他。3)youarethemostdirectyoungman_.你是我所遇见的最直率的年轻人。【答案】1)cameacrossanoldschoolfriend2)comeacrosshim3)iveevercomeacrosscomeabout发生；引起comeout出版；出来cometo来到；合计；总共是；苏醒过来cometoanend结束comeupwith赶上；提出(1)完成句子1)你怎么两天后才告诉他这件事情呢？howdidit_thatyoudidnttellittohimuntiltwodayslater?2)我想知道你的新书何时出版。iwanttoknowwhenyournewbookwill_。3)科学家正绞尽脑汁，力求找到解决这个问题的办法。thescientistsarebeatingtheirbrainstryingto_asolutiontotheproblem.【答案】1)comeabout2)comeout3)comeupwith(2)名校押题(2010湖北黄冈模拟)doyouknowhim?no.iveneverrememberedhaving_amanlikethat.a.comeacrossb.comeoutc.comeaboutd.comeup【答案与解析】acomeacross“碰到；遇见”。答语题意：不，我不记得曾遇见过像这样一个人。3counton依赖；指望countondependoncountdown倒计时countoff报数；报出数字countout不算在内；除外1)thanks.illbe_you.谢谢。一切都要靠你了。2)thatwastheonlythingtheycould_.那是他们唯一能够依靠的东西。3)wecanalways_himforhelpinanyemergency.我们总能指望他在紧急的情况下帮助我们。【答案】1)countingon2)counton3)counton(1)单项填空ithinkwecan_mrwhitetosupportus.acountdownbcountoutccountoffdcounton【答案与解析】d考查动词短语的辨析。counton“依靠；依赖”。(2)名校押题(2010东北师大附中模拟)inourmodernsociety,moreandmorepeopledependoncomputers_problemsofvariouskinds.atosolvebsolvecsolvingdtosolving【答案与解析】a该题为“dependonsthtodosth”结构，意为“依靠做某事”。4holdup举起；阻挡；使停止；使停顿；阻碍holdbackkeepback抑制holddown保有(一份工作)；压抑；压低；控制holdoff保持距离；不接近；拖延holdon(打电话时用语)请等一下；不要挂holdout给予；提供；支持；继续；坚持；忍耐1)thechairwastooweak_.这椅子不牢，承受不住你。2)thesadmother_hersadnessforherchildrenssake.这位伤心的母亲为了孩子们在控制自己的情绪。3)we_fornearlyanhour_bythetrafficaccident.我们在路上被交通事故耽搁近一个小时。4)hisson_amodelofhardwork.他的儿子被推举为勤奋工作的榜样。5)noonecan_thewheelofhistory.谁也无法阻止历史车轮的前进。6)couldyou_？illjustseeifthemanagersin.你不要挂断电话好吗？我去看一看经理在不在。【答案】1)toholdyouup2)heldback3)wereheldup;onourway4)washeldupas5)holdback6)holdon(1)用hold短语的适当形式填空1)dontworry.thehousewill_.2)they_byfog.3)howlongwillourfoodsupplies_？4)theywill_theirdecisionuntilmonday.5)youshouldlearnto_youranger.【答案】1)holdup2)wereheldup3)holdout4)holdoff5)holdback(2)名校押题1)(2010山东肥城一模)_amomentandiwillgotoyourrescue.agoonbholdoncmoveondcarryon【答案与解析】b考查动词短语辨析。goon“继续”；holdon“抓住不放；坚持”；moveon“继续前进”；carryon“继续进行”。根据后句的“iwillgotoyourrescue”可知，这里应是“坚持住，别松手”。2)(2010黄冈中学一模)therewasabigholeintheroadwhich_thetraffic.atookupbbroughtbackckeptbackdheldup【答案与解析】dtakeup“开始从事；占用”；bringback“拿回来；使回忆起来；使恢复”；keepback“落在后面”；holdup“使停止；使停顿；阻碍”。5figureout算出；想出；理解figureofspeech修辞手段figureskating花样滑冰figuredadj.有花纹图案的1)itdidnttakethechildrenlong_thecorrectanswer.孩子们没有花很多时间就算出了正确的答案。2)theboycant_thealgebraproblem.这个男孩解不出这道代数题。3)icant_whyhequithisjob.我捉摸不透他为什么要辞掉工作。【答案】1)tofigureout2)figureout3)figureout(1)单项填空thepresentsituationisverycomplex,sotheythinkitwilltakethemquitealongtimeto_itsreality.a.makeupb.figureoutc.lookthroughd.putoff【答案与解析】bmakeup“组成；化妆；编造”；figureout“算出；想出；理解”；lookthrough“浏览”；putoff“推迟”。题意：目前的形势非常复杂，因此他们认为要花相当长的一段时间来弄清它的真相。(2)名校押题(2010湖南张家界高三调研)marycouldnt_whyhercaketastedsofunnyuntilshefoundsaltmixedinthesugarbag.afigureoutbtakeoutcputoutdbringout【答案与解析】afigureout“想出；弄明白”。题意：玛丽弄不清楚为什么她的蛋糕尝起来如此古怪，直到她发现了混在糖包里的盐。6putupwith忍受；容忍putaway放好；收好；储存putaside储存；保留putacross解释清楚；说明putdown记下；放下；镇压；平定putforward提出；建议；把向前拨putin驶进putout熄灭；消灭；关(灯)；出版；发布；生产putoff推迟；延期puton穿上；戴上；上演；增加(体重)putup提出；举起；升起；提(价)；为提供食宿；建造1)idontknowhowhisparents_hisstrangebehaviour.我不知道他的父母如何忍受他的怪异行为。2)poorenglishmakeshimhavedifficulty_.蹩脚的英语使他难以表达自己的想法。3)thefirebrigadesoon_thefire.消防队员很快就把火扑灭了。4)yourewelcometo_inmyhomeforthenight.欢迎你们在我家过夜。【答案】1)putupwith2)puttinghisideasacross3)putout4)putup(1)完成句子1)shecouldhardly_thatfellowanylonger.她再也不能忍受那家伙了。2)he_averygoodsuggestionatthemeeting.他在会上提出了一个很好的建议。【答案】1)putupwith2)putforward(2)名校押题(2010福建高三质检)healwayshassomebehaviorsthatarenoteasyto_.nowonderhehasnogoodfriends.aputasidebputupwithcthinkofdgetalongwith【答案与解析】b前句题意：他有很多方面难以让人忍受。putaside“储存；保留”；putupwith“容忍；忍受”；thinkof“想起”；getalongwith“与相处”。7inparticular尤其；特别地inparticular是一个介词短语，其语法功能相当于副词，在句中作状语，其反义词组为ingeneral。1)itwasagoodconcertienjoyedthelastsong_.那是场不错的音乐会我尤其喜欢最后那首歌。2)hisstatementreferstopeople_，nottoanyone_.他的发言泛指一般人，不是针对某一个人的。3)shestressedthatpoint_.她特别强调了那一点。【答案】1)inparticular2)ingeneral;inparticular3)inparticular(1)单项填空doesthisdressfitmary?idontknow.sheisvery_aboutwhatshewears.aespecialbspecialcparticulardgeneral【答案与解析】cespecial“尤其的；特别的”；special“专门的；特别的”；particular“挑剔的；特别的”；general“大体的；大致的”。beparticularabout“对挑剔”。(2)名校押题(2011武汉一模)in_，thenorthernersarekeenondumplingswhilethesouthernersarefondofrice.acommonbtotalcgeneraldparticular【答案与解析】cincommon“共同的；共有的”；intotal“总共”；ingeneral“一般地；总的来说”；inparticular“特别；尤其”。8referto查阅；参考；谈到；提到；适用于；涉及referto.as.把称作refer.to.把提交给；把委托给1)please_ifyoudontknowhowtopronouncetheword.如果你不知道这个单词如何发音，请查字典。2)theoldsoldier_duringthelongmarch.老战士谈到了长征时的一些经历。3)thesebooks_.这些书涉及亚洲的问题。【答案】1)refertothedictionary2)referredtohisexperiences3)refertoasianproblems(1)完成句子1)他被称作是一个活雷锋。he_alivingleifeng.2)汤姆打算把这件事提交到会议上去处理。tomisgoingto_themeeting.【答案】1)isreferredtoas2)referthematterto(2)名校押题(2010湖南娄底模拟)theboyguessedthemeaningofthenewwordswithout_thedictionary.abringingupbreferringtoclookingfordtryingon【答案与解析】breferto“参考；参阅”。题意：男孩没查字典而只是凭空