高考英语阅读理解全程提升训练（8）(1).doc

2014高考英语阅读理解全程提升训练（8）及答案 社会生活类the cost of higher educationindividuals(个人)should pay for their higher education.a university education is of huge and direct benefit to the individual. graduates earn more than non-graduates. meanwhile,social mobility is ever more dependent on having a degree. however,only some people have it. so the individual,not the taxpayers,should pay for it. there are pressing calls on the resources(资源)of the government. using taxpayers money to help a small number of people to earn high incomes in the future is not one ofthem.full government funding(资助)is not very good for universities. adam smith worked in a scottish university whose teachers lived off student fees. he knew and looked down upon 18th-century oxford,where the academics lived comfortably off the income received from the government. guaranteed salaries,smith argued,were the enemy of hard work;and when the academics were lazy and incompetent,the students were similarly lazy.if students have to pay for their education,they not only work harder,but also demand more from their teachers. and their teachers have to keep them satisfied. if that means taking teaching seriously,and giving less time to their own research interests,that is surely something to celebrate.many people believe that higher education should be free because it is good for the economy(经济). many graduates clearly do contribute to national wealth,but so do all the businesses that invest(投资)and create jobs. if you believe that the government should pay for higher education because graduates are economically productive,you should also believe that the government should pay part of business costs. anyone promising to create jobs should receive a gift of capital from the government to invest.therefore,it is the individual,not the government,who should pay for their university education.1. the underlined word “them” in paragraph 2 refers to.a. taxpayers b. pressing callsc. college graduates d. government resources2. the author thinks that with full government funding.a. teachers are less satisfiedb. students are more demandingc. students will become more competentd. teachers will spend less time on teaching3. the author mentions businesses in paragraph 5 in order to.a. argue against free university educationb. call on them to finance students studiesc. encourage graduates to go into businessd. show their contribution to higher education【参考答案】65.1-3 bda 阅读理解- education has an important effect on the mind or physical ability of an individual. it is the process by which society passes its accumulated knowledge, skills, and values from one generation to another.various non-traditional education options are now available and continue to flourish（繁荣）. one of the most important uses in education is the use of technology. teachers are encouraged to use new technological devices in order to strengthen learning among students and meet the needs of various types of learners.the right to education has been created and recognized by jurisdiction（司法）. education is the most important concern of the government of india. recently india has gained world recognition because many students from foreign countries come here to gain higher qualifications. one has to be educated in order to speed up the growth process in order to influence the economy. education is indeed a powerful weapon to stop the cut- throat competition that man faces at every period of life. the importance of education in india is progressing with time. although india has been a great foundation of learning for many years, it still needs to improve not just on the quality of education but also on the number of people being educated.education is not just for academic success but also to make a person become a better human being and a better performer in life. education makes the students able enough, so that they can compete nationally and internationally. to make a student a successful survivor in life, the responsibility lies equally with the schools and the parents too. selecting a good school is as important as choosing a suitable career option for a child. the goal of education is the advancement of knowledge and the dissemination of truth, it is education that gives us all the power and necessities of making a difference in any field.people who are not educated have few opportunities to do what they want to do. educated people become more responsible and informed citizens, and have a voice in politics and society. it allows people to be more productive by encouraging them to play responsible roles in terms of contributing to society.【文章大意】本文叙述的了教育的重要性。教师使用新的技术工具上课促进了教育的继续繁荣。通过以印度重视教育的权利来解释世界重视教育的重要性。教育的目标是知识的进步和真理的推广而且教育帮助人们完成他们想要完成的事情。36. nowadays teachers are encouraged to _.a. study modern science and technology b. pass all knowledge to their studentsc. use non-traditional devices in class d. meet the needs of intelligent student first【答案】c【 解析】推理判断题。根据teachers are encouraged to use new technological devices可知鼓励教师使用新的技术工具上课，即非传统的工具。故选c。37. the author uses the example of indian education to show that_.a. indian education is among the best in the world nowb. indian is becoming more and more powerful nowc. the right to education should be valued all over the worldd. a lot of students in india are from other countries【答案】c【 解析】推理判断题。根据recently india has gained world recognition because many students from foreign countries come here to gain higher qualifications. 可知印度实行的教育政策赢得了世界人的认可，因此印度对受教育权利的尊重应该在世界推广重视。故选c。38. the underlined word “dissemination” in paragraph 5 probably means “_”.a. spread b. ignorance c. argument d. question【答案】a【 解析】词义猜测题。根据it is education that gives us all the power and necessities of making a difference in any field.教育给我们提供了在任何领域有所作为的能力和必要品。因此教育把真理在各个领域进行了推广，故选a。39. what do we know about education from the passage?a. it has nothing to do with society. b. it helps people to achieve what they want.c. it has little effect on peoples physical ability. d. it makes a poor man become rich.【答案】b【 解析】推理判断题。根据people who are not educated have few opportunities to do what they want to do.可知没有受过教育的人很少有机会去做他们想做的事，因此教育帮助人们完成他们想要完成的事情，故选b。40. what is the passage mainly about?a. the importance of education b. the responsibility of educationc. the development of education d. the purpose of education 【答案】a【 解析】主旨大意题。根据education has an important effect on the mind or physical ability of an individual.可知本文主要叙述了教育对人的思想和身体有重要的影响。因此本文主要是讲教育的重要性。故选a。 阅读理解(二)-afew laws are so effective that you can see results just days after they take effect.but in the nine days since the federal cigarette tax more than doubledto $1.01 per packsmokers have jammed telephone “quit lines” across the country seeking to kick the habit.this is not a surprise to public health advocates.theyve studied the effect of state tax increases for years，finding that smokers，especially teens，are price sensitive.nor is it a shock to the industry，which fiercely fights every tax increase.the only wonder is that so many states insist on closing their ears to the message.tobacco taxes improve public health，they raise money and most particularly，they deter people from taking up the habit as teens，which is when nearly all smokers are addicted.yet the rate of taxation varies widely.in manhattan，for instance，which has the highest tax in the nation，a pack of marlboro light kings，cost $10.06 at one drugstore wednesday.in charleston，s.c.，where the 7 cent a pack tax is the lowest in the nation，the price was $4.78.the influence is obvious.in new york，high school smoking hit a new low in the latest surveys13.8%，far below the national average.by comparison,26% of high school students smoke in kentucky.other low tax states have similarly depressing teen smoking records.hal rogers，representative from kentucky，like those who are against high tobacco taxes，argues that the burden of the tax falls on lowincome americans “who choose to smoke.”thats true.but there is more reason in keeping future generations of lowincome workers from getting hooked in the first place.as for todays adults，if the new tax drives them to quit，they will have more to spend on their families，cut their risk of cancer and heart disease and feel better.【语篇解读】 烟草税增加后，取得了立竿见影的效果许多烟民纷纷戒烟。然而有些地方却对此充耳不闻，中学生吸烟的比例居高不下。本文让我们意识到：从长远看，通过增加烟草税而使人们戒烟是泽被千家万户的大事。1the text is mainly about _.athe price of cigarettesbthe rate of teen smokingcthe effect of tobacco tax increasedthe differences in tobacco tax rate解析主旨大意题。本文主要谈论的是烟草税增加后取得的明显效果以及给人们带来的益处。a、b、d三项均为文章的某一方面。答案c2what does the author think is a surprise?ateen smokers are price sensitive.bsome states still keep the tobacco tax low.ctobacco taxes improve public health.dtobacco industry fiercely fights the tax rise.解析事实细节题。由第三段第一句可知，唯 一让人吃惊的是，有些州对此充耳不闻，也就是继续保持低烟草税。答案b3rogers attitude towards the lowincome smokers might be that of _.atolerance bunconcern cdoubt dsympathy解析推理判断题。roger认为高烟草税是把税收负担加到了低收入的烟民身上，故应该持同情态度。答案d4what can we learn from the last paragraph?athe new tax will be beneficial in the long run.blowincome americans are more likely to fall ill.cfuture generations will be hooked on smoking.dadults will depend more on their families.解析推理判断题。由全文最后一句可知，增加烟草税促使烟民戒烟，可让他们有更多的时间与家人团聚，减少癌症和心脏病的发病率，从长远看，是一件有益的事情。答案a 阅读理解-sometime early in the next century, human beings will move to mars. they will live there for about a year, and then will be replaced with another group of pioneers. building the base on mars will advance our knowledge of the solar system and aid in our understanding of the earth.we already know that mars resembles the earth in many aspects: general size, presence of water, length of day, range of temperatures. these resemblances have caused many people to consider a centuries-long project: to terraform mars. terraforming means altering a planets surface so that earths life forms can survive there. this concept, previously found only in science fiction is now being seriously considered by scientists.terraforming mars is theoretically simple: add nitrogen and oxygen to the atmosphere; pump water to the surface; and add the earths plants and animals in the order in which they developed on earth. but it will take at least 300 years.some people think that such a project is too huge for humans to undertake, but there are very good reasons to make the attempt. the earth now contains some 6 billion people, and no one has any idea of how many humans the earth can support. our very existence and numbers are threatening many other species. we also have had some experience with terraforming our own planet: altering the landscape, the atmosphere and the climate. currently terraforming earth has become a wiser activity as we try to control global warming, air and water pollution, and preserve some natural living places.【文章大意】本文叙述了人们把火星地球化的原因和方法。因为火星与地球之间有很多相似之处，也为了给越来越多的人在火星上找一个居住的地方，人们打算把火星地球化。火星地球化，需要给火星的大气增加氮气和氧气，给表面抽水，增加一些地球的植物和动物，来改变一下火星的表面。41what would be the best title for this passage? aterraforming mars. bsaving the earth.ctravelling to mars. da newly-found place.【答案】a【 解析】标题归纳题。根据these resemblances have caused many people to consider a centuries-long project: to terraform mars.可知火星与地球有很多相似性，因此人们考虑进行把火星地球化，一个好几个世纪才能实现的工程项目。全文围绕着火星地球化展开的。故选a。42what does the underlined word “altering” mean in the second paragraph?awarming.bchanging.cplanting.dbuilding.【答案】b【 解析】词义猜测题。根据terraforming mars is theoretically simple: add nitrogen and oxygen to the atmosphere; pump water to the surface; and add the earths plants and animals in the order in whi