高考英语阅读理解抓分练习精品（29）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解抓分练习精品（29）及答案阅读理解-eforty years ago, rachel carson died and the pittsburgh area lost perhaps its most influential citizena native of a pennsylvania college for women graduate, carson published “silent spring” in 1962, a work that launched the modern environmental movement and led to the creation of the environmental protection agency （epa） as well as the passage of our major environmental lawshowever, there has been a puzzling and troubling trend in recent years: an attack on her theory by conservatives and the agrochemical （农用化学品） industryfor example, rush limbaugh gave the following quiz: “who caused more deaths: adolf hitler or rachel carson?” limbaughs answer was carson, due to the approximately 100 million deaths from malaria （疟疾） since 1972, the year in which the pesticide （杀虫剂）ddt was banned for use in the united states in part as a result of “silent spring”therefore, on this 40th anniversary of carsons death, we need to take a scientific look at the myths that remain about pesticidesmyth 1: pesticide usage has declined since 1962in fact, pesticide usage has more than doubled since 1962, and the global pesticide industry currently uses over 25 million tons of pesticides each yeareven ddt is still used abroadmyth 2: pesticides are safein fact, as carson warned us, these poisonous chemicals are unsafe since they are designed to kill biological organisms, but are often not specific in their targetspesticide exposure can cause skin irritation, headache, cancer and even deathaccording to the who, over 25 million people a year in developing countries suffer severe acute pesticide poisonings with over 20,000 deathsof the 80,000 pesticides and other chemicals in use today, 10 percent are recognized as carcinogens （致癌物质）according to recent studies, brain cancer rates are five times higher in homes with “no-pest” strips and six times higher in homes where pets wear flea collars （杀蚤颈圈）our homes have pesticide concentrations 10 to 100 times higher than outdoorsso, if carson were with us today, still battling the agrochemical industry that spent millions of dollars, what would she be advocating? i feel confident that she would be a strong supporter of a new principle of chemical assessmentsimply put, this principle requires producers of pesticides to prove that they are safe and necessary before they are put on the marketour current system puts the burden of proof on government and scientists to prove that a pesticide is dangerous and poses an “unacceptable risk” before it can be pulled from the market17 limbaugh attacked carson because he thought that _ashe was supporting the production of poisonous pesticidesb“silent spring” had caused in part the 100 million deaths from malariac“silent spring” was originated from hitlers writingsdshe had not cared for the 100 million deaths from malaria18which of the following is the content of myth 1?athe usage of pesticides has been dropping since 1962b25 million tons of pesticides have been produced since 1962cthe production of pesticides has doubled during the past 40 years.dpesticides have become less poisonous since 196219the author mentions “flea collars” in the sixth paragraph to indicate _apesticides contribute to the development of cancerbthe close connection between them and dog cancer ratescflea collars contribute to high pesticide concentrations indoorsdthe medical effect of flea collars on dogs20what is the suggested new practice of chemical assessment?agovernment should prove a pesticide is unsafebscientists should be responsible for writing assessment reportsca special committee should be set up for chemical assessmentdproducers of pesticides should provide proof of their safety参考答案-bacd阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a、b、c和d项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该 项涂黑。azoos divide opinion ： there are those who think it is cruel to keep animals locked up while others believe zoos are essential for the survival of endangered species.to argue that zoos imprison animals is to misunderstand what zoos are about. without zoos many of the creatures we love and admire would no longer exist. every single day，over one hundred animal species vanish. scientists predict that as early as 2050 one quarter of the earths species will become extinct.some animals are in danger because they are hunted. alarmingly, the population of tigers has already fallen by ninety-five percent. other species are in danger because of a lack of food. for example, there are fewer than 1300 giant pandas left in the wild.zoos have special breeding programmes to help those animals at risk. these breeding programmes are proving extremely successful. as irene shapiro from zoo and wildlife support says, “the puerto rican parrot has grown in numbers from just thirteen to about eighty-five and the golden lion tamarin monkey, which has almost ceased to exist twenty years ago, has been reintroduced back into the wild. ”unfortunately, not everyone understands this important role zoos play. for example, brian featherstone from the anti-zoo forum says, “i cant believe we take animals from the wild and put them in cages for the entertainment of the public! we should view them on film or tv in their natural environment.，however, this misses the point. a zoo does more than display animals to the public. it ensures their survival. without zoos you would not be able to see many of these animals on tv or anywhere else!26.whats the writers attitude towards zoos?a.he shows no opinion either for or against them.b.he thinks that they are unnecessary and cruel.c.he believes they play an important environmental role.d.he expresses a desire that more of them be built.【答案】c【解析】推理判断题。最后一段作者说，动物园保证了动物的幸存，没有动物园你将不可能在电视上或者其他任何地方看到许多动物。由此可见，作者认为动物园扮演着一个重要的环境角色。故选c。27.the underlined word “vanish” in paragraph 2 most probably means _.a. remainb. disappearc. become rarer d. get killed【答案】b【解析】词义猜测题。a。保持，留下 b。消失 c.变得更稀罕 d.被杀下一句说，科学家预言早在2050年四分之一的地球物种将会灭绝。因此，每一天都会有100多个动物物种消失。故选b。28.according to the passage the worlds tiger population _.a.will rise by 5% next yearb. is relatively stablec/ is 95% smaller than in the pastd. has fallen to 95%【答案】c【解析】细节理解题。第三段“alarmingly, the population of tigers has already fallen by ninety-five percent.”说明让人担忧的是，老虎的数量已经下降了95%，即数量比过去少了95%。故选c。29 according to the passage some people do not agree with zoos because they _a.are too expensive to runb. put animals in dangerc.do not provide enough food d. keep animals locked up【答案】d【解析】细节理解题。第五段brian featherstone就认为我们应该在电影或电视上看动物在自然环境中的生活。所以，一些人不同意动物园的做法是因为动物园把动物都锁了起来，使其无法生活在自然界。30.according to the writer ，the most important function of the zoo is to _.a.make a lot of moneyb. entertain visitorsc.ensure animals survivald. educate the public【答案】c【解析】细节理解题。最后一段“however, this misses the point. a zoo does more than display animals to the public. it ensures their survival.”说明brian featherstone没有抓住要领，动物园不仅把动物展示给公众。它确保了动物的生存。故选c。阅读理解-a we live in an age of unprecedented(空前的) opportunity: if youve got ambition, drive, and smarts, you can rise to the top of your chosen professionregardless of where you started out from. but nowadays companies arent managing their knowledge workers careers. rather, we must each be our own chief executive officer. only when you operate from a combination of your strengths and self-knowledge can you achieve true and lasting excellence. to build a life of excellence, begin by asking yourself these questions: “what are my strengths?” to accurately identify your strengths, use feedback analysis. every time you make a key decision, write down the outcome you expect. several months later, compare the actual results with your expected results. look for patterns in what you are seeing: what results are you skilled at generating? what unproductive habits are preventing you from creating the outcomes you desire? in identifying opportunities for improvement, dont waste time developing skill areas where you have little competence. instead, concentrate on and build on your strengths.“what are my values?”what are your ethics(道德标准)? what do you see as your most important responsibilities for living a worthy, ethical life? do your organizations ethics resonate(共鸣) with your own values? if not, your career will be likely to be marked by frustration and poor performance.“where do i belong?”consider your strengths, preferred work style, and values. based on these qualities, what kind of work environment would you fit it best? find the perfect fit, and youll transform yourself from a merely acceptable employee into a star performer.“what can i contribute?”in earlier eras, companies told businesspeople what their contribution should be. today, you have choices. to decide how you can best improve your organizations performance, first ask what the situation requires. based on your strengths, work style, and values, how might you make the greatest contribution to your organizations efforts?1. the following steps are all the ways to find and improve your strengths except_. a. writing down your expectations b. comparing the actual results c. finding out your advantages d. developing your disadvantages2. which of the following comments is not true? a. people should find results they are skilled at generating. b. processing information by hearing others discuss is the most effective way of working. c. people who work in one team should have similar ethics. d. the fit working environment can help the workers work more efficiently.3. what can lead to a life of excellence? a. self-pity and powers. b. ambition and smarts. c. self-awareness and strengths. d. motives and self-knowledge.4. how might you make the greatest contribution to your organizations efforts? a. do what is needed. b. identify your own strengths. c. work in your own way. d. obey the companies rules. 【参考答案】1-4、dbca today, bicycles are elegantly simple machines that are common around the world. many people ride bicycles for recreation, whereas others use them as a means of transportation. the first bicycle was invented in germany in 1818. because it was made of wood, it wasnt very strong nor did it have pedals (脚踏板）.riders moved it by pushing their feet against the ground.in 1839, kirkpatrick macmillan, a scottish blacksmith, invented a much better bicycle. macmillans machine had iron-covered wheels to keep them from getting worn down. he also used foot-operated levers, similar to pedals, so his bicycle could be ridden at a quick pace. it didnt look much like the modem bicycle, though, because its back wheel was substantially larger than its front wheel. although macmillans bicycles could be ridden easily, they were never produced in large numbers.in 1861, frenchman pierre michaux and his brother ernest invented a bicycle with an improved pedal mechanism. they called their bicycle a velocipede，but most people called it a “bone shaker” because of the effect of the wood and iron frame. despite the impolite nickname, the velocipede was a hit. after a few years, the michaux family was making hundreds of the machines annually, mostly for fun-seeking young people.ten years later, james starley , an english inventor, made several innovations that revolutionized bicycle design. he made the front wheel many times larger than the back wheel, put a gear on the pedals to make the bicycle more efficient，and lightened the wheels by using wire spokes. although this bicycle was much lighter and less tiring to ride, it was still clumsy, extremely top-heavy，and ridden mostly for entertainment.it wasnt until 1874 that the first truly modern bicycle appeared on the scene. invented by another englishman, h. j. lawson, the safety bicycle would look familiar to todays cyclists. the safety bicycle had equal-sized wheels, which made it easier to ride. lawson also attached a chain to the pedals to drive the back wheel. by 1893，the safety bicycle had been further improved with air-filled rubber tires, a diamond-shaped frame, and easy braking. with the improvements provided by lawson; bicycles became extremely popular and useful for transportation. today, they are built, used, and enjoyed all over the world.31.this passage was most likely written in order to _.a.compare bicycles used for different purposesb.describe the problems early bicycle makers experiencedc.persuade readers to use bicycles for transportationd.tell readers about the early hi