高中英语 unit2 Cloning单元检测题 新人教版选修8.doc

unit2 cloning.阅读理解athere are many ways in which human cloning is expected to benefit humans.dr richard seed, one of the leading supporters of human cloning technology, suggests that it may someday be possible to completely change the aging process because of what we learn from cloning.scientists believe that they may be able to treat heart attack victims by cloning their healthy heart cells and injecting them into the areas of the heart that have been damaged. heart disease is the number one killer in the us and several other industrialised countries.there has been a breakthrough with human stem cells. embryonic stem cells can be grown to produce organs to repair or replace damaged ones. skin for burn victims, brain cells for the brain damaged, hearts, lungs, and kidneys could be produced. by combining this technology with human cloning technology, it may be possible to produce needed organs for suffering people that will be free of rejection by their immune systems. conditions such as alzheimers disease, parkinsons disease, heart failure, and other problems can be cured if human cloning and its technology are not banned.though current treatments for infertility (不生育) are getting a fair amount of publicity in the news, they, in terms of percentages, are not very successful. some data shows that current infertility treatments are less than 10 percent successful. couples go through physically and emotionally painful procedures for a small chance of having children. many couples run out of time and money without successfully having children. human cloning could make it possible for many more infertile couples to have children than ever before possible.语篇解读：本文作者从几个方面介绍了克隆人技术给人类带来了利益。1according to dr richard seed, we can use cloning technology to _.aproduce more animalsbmake people live happilycmake people look youngerdcure people of many diseases解析：选c推理判断题。根据第二段中的“to completely change the aging process”可知，richard seed认为克隆技术可以彻底改变变老的进程。因此推知，克隆技术可以使人们看上去更年轻。2we can learn from the passage that _.acloning has already been used to treat heart diseasebwe can treat a mans heart disease by cloning heartscmost people in industrial countries suffer from heart diseasedmore people die of heart disease than of other diseases in the us解析：选d细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，心脏病是美国和其他工业化国家的头号杀手，因此在美国死于心脏病的人要比死于其他疾病的人多。3what is the main idea of the last paragraph?awith cloning infertile couples could have children.btreatment of infertility is not successful.cinfertile couples suffer a lot physically and mentally.dit is difficult for couples to have more children now.解析：选a段落大意题。联系全文可知，本文的主题是人类克隆技术。最后一段点明了现在治疗不孕的成功率很低，许多夫妇饱受煎熬，最后说明了利用人类克隆技术可以使不孕的夫妇有自己的孩子，因此a项正确。4what is the authors attitude towards human cloning?asupportive.bdoubtful.ccautious. dcurious.解析：选a推理判断题。根据文章第一句，特别是关键词benefit及第二至五段(都是讲人类克隆技术会给人类带来益处)可推知，作者对人类克隆技术持支持的态度。blooking back on my childhood, i am convinced that naturalists are born and not made. although we were brought up in the same way, my brothers and sisters soon abandoned their pressed flowers and insects. unlike them, i had no ear for music and languages. i was not an early reader and i could not do mental arithmetic.before world war we spent our summer holidays in hungary. i have only the dim(模糊的)memory of the house we lived in, of my room and my toys. nor do i recall clearly the large family of grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins who gathered next door. but i do have a crystal clear memory of dogs, the farm animals, the local birds and above all, the insects.i am a naturalist, not a scientist. i have a strong love of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into various investigations. i love discussing my favorite topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil reading about other peoples observations and discoveries.then something happens that brings these observations together in my conscious mind. suddenly you fancy you see the answer to the riddle. because it all seems to fit together. this has resulted in my publishing 300 papers and books, which some might honor with the title of scientific research.but curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist: one of the outstanding and essential qualities required is selfdiscipline, a quality i lack. a scientist can be made a naturalist. if you can combine the two, you get the best of both worlds.语篇解读：作者认为自然主义者是天生的，不是后天造就的。而一个科学家应自我约束、刻苦训练，具备坚定的信念和明确的目标。从作者童年的经历和后来的成长判断，作者认为自己是自然主义者不是科学家。5according to the author, a born naturalist should first of all be _.afull of ambition bselfdisciplinedcfull of enthusiasm dknowledgeable解析：选c细节理解题，作者认为一个科学家应自我约束、刻苦训练，并具备坚定的信念和明确的目标，根据第三段第一、二句“i am a naturalist, not a scientist. i have a strong love of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into various investigations.”可知，作者认为天生的自然主义者首先应该有热情。故选c。6the first paragraph tells us that the author _.alost his hearing when he was a childbdidnt like his brothers and sisterscwas interested in flowers and insects in his childhooddwas born in a naturalists family解析：选c推理判断题，第一段中的“convinced that naturalists are born and not made”告诉我们自然主义者是天生的，不是后天造就的。他的姐妹兄弟对于花、虫等不感兴趣，但作者unlike them所以作者在童年对花草是感兴趣的。故选c。7the author says that he is a naturalist rather than a scientist probably because he thinks he _.ajust reads about other peoples observations and discoveriesblacks some of the qualities required of scientistchas a great deal of trouble doing mental arithmeticdcomes up with solutions in most natural ways解析：选b细节理解题。根据最后一段中“one of the outstanding and essential qualities required is selfdiscipline, a quality i lack”作者明白自己缺少科学家的素质，因为一个科学家的基本素质就是“selfdiscipline”。故选b。8which of the following statements is true?athe author believes that a born naturalist cannot be a scientist.bthe author read a lot of books about the natural world and oil industry.cthe authors brothers and sisters were good at music and languages.dthe author spent a lot of time working on riddles.解析：选c推理判断题。根据第一段的句子“. my brothers and sisters soon abandoned their pressed flowers and insects. unlike them, i had no ear for music and languages.”可知作者不像他的兄弟姐妹，他对音乐和语言没有欣赏能力，也就是作者的兄弟姐妹是擅长音乐和语言的。故选c。cthe european union announced plans on tuesday to temporarily ban the use of animal cloning for food production, while allowing imports of food derived from the offspring (后代) of clones from the united states and elsewhere.the report from the european commission followed a call by eu lawmakers in july for a total ban on food derived from cloned animals and their traditionally bred offspring, citing ethical concerns over the industrial production of cloned meat.the commission said a temporary fiveyear eu ban on cloning for food production was justified on animal welfare grounds, but said banning imports of food from the offspring of clones was unnecessary and would disrupt global trade.“food from cloned animals is safe. in fact, the scientific opinion is that it cannot be differentiated in any way from food from normally bred animals. the issue is animal welfare，” eu health and consumer commissioner john dalli told reporters.“food derived from the offspring of clones presents no such animal welfare issues, and banning its sale and import would be impossible because the origin is untraceable，” dalli said.“such a prohibition would lead to a ban of imports of any food of animal origin (meat, milk and processed products) from third countries allowing the cloning technique，” the report said.“were not going to regulate for the world，” dalli added.but animal welfare groups criticized the commissions decision, saying it had bowed to pressure from third countries.“we do not accept the commissions position that it would be impossible to enforce a ban that includes the offspring of cloned animals, as (other) meat traceability systems are already in place，” said sonja van tichelen, director of the eurogroup for animals.语篇解读：欧盟委员会近日宣布，将在近期就克隆食品提出一项立法建议，建议欧盟在今后5年暂停用于食品生产的动物克隆，但是克隆动物通过传统方式繁殖的后代用于食品生产和销售不在禁止之列，因为这些产品的源头无法追踪。9from the passage we can infer the ban is _.ajustified bwelcomeccontroversial dmeaningless解析：选c推理判断题。 文章首先介绍了该禁令的内容意义及产生的背景，后文有介绍了对该禁令的异议“but animal welfare groups criticized the commissions decision . we do not accept the commissions position that .”，由此可以推断，人们对于这一禁令是有争议的(controversial)。justified“合乎情理的”；welcome“受欢迎的”；meaningless“没有意义的”。10the text is most probably a _.anews report bbook reviewcnewspaper ad dscience fiction story解析：选a文章出处推断题。由文章大意可以看出，这是一篇新闻报道，由此可以看出a项正确。11which of the following is true according to the passage?athe ban is permanent. bthe imports of food from the offspring of clones is not banned.canimal welfare groups support the ban.dthe ban has been into effect.解析：选b细节理解题。 由文中的“. but said banning imports of food from the offspring of clones was unnecessary and would disrupt global trade”可知b项正确。由“the commission said a temporary fiveyear eu ban on cloning for food production was justified .”可知a项错误；由倒数第二段可知，c项错误； 由文章的第一句话可以看出，该计划目前仍在计划中，因此d项错误。12what might be most suitable title for the passage?athe plans of the european unionba temporary fiveyear eu banceu proposes ban on animal cloning for fooddthe danger of food derived from cloned animals.解析：选c标题判断题。纵观全文可以看出，文章向我们报道了欧盟委员会近日宣布，将在近期就克隆食品提出一项立法建议，建议欧盟在今后5年暂停用于食品生产的动物克隆，故c项最能概括全文。dfor expectant parents in finland, their “bundle of joy” isnt just the baby. since 1938, new mothers and fathers have received a cardboard box, often used as the babys first baby bed, filled with a small mattress (床垫), blankets, infant clothes, outerwear, toiletries, and more.the finnish government supplies the boxes, saying the gift encourages good parenting habits and aims to give all children an equal start.some experts think that the starter kit (工具包) has even helped finland achieve one of the worlds lowest infantmortality (婴儿死亡率) rates.before the tradition began, when many finnish babies slept in their parents beds, 65 out of 1,000 babies died each year. since the introduction of the box and the custom of having babies sleep separately from their parents finlands infantmortality rate has decreased to only 3.4 deaths for every 1,000 babies.over the years, the boxs contents have often reflected historical trends. until 1957, the kits contained plain fabric that mothers would use to sew the babys clothes. stretchy fabrics appeared in the 1960s; disposable diapers (一次性尿布) debuted in 1969. as more women began careers in the 1970s, the layette came in easytoclean stretch cotton. in 2006, cloth diapers reappeared for environmental reasons, and bottles were removed to promote breastfeeding.“its easy to know when babies were born because the box changes a little each year，” titta vayrynen, 35 and the mother of two young boys, told a reporter for the bbc. “its nice to compare clothes and think. that kid was born the same year as mine.”语篇解读：这是一篇说明文。主要介绍芬兰政府给准父母们提供婴儿床，大大减少了婴儿的死亡率，这一举措大大鼓舞人们养成良好的育儿习惯。13what have new parents in finland got since 1938?athe baby bed with the baby products.ba small mattress.cblankets and infant clothes.douterwear and toiletries.解析：选a细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句话可知a项是正确的，b、c和d项只是其中的一部分。14which of the following is not the purpose of the finnish government providing the boxes?ato let new parents have good raising habits.bto give all children an equal start.cto encourage new parents to have more babies.dto reduce infantmortality rates.解析：选c细节理解题。根据第二段的“the gift encourages good parenting habits and aims to give all children an equal start”和第三段的“helped finland achieve one of the worlds lowest infantmortality (婴儿死亡率) rates”可知，c项不是芬兰政府给那些刚做父母的婴儿床的目的。15what does the passage mainly talk about?athe finnish government encourages good parenting habits.bthe babys bed appeared widely.cthe finnish governments action makes infantmortality rates lower.dthe finnish government helps poor people.解析：选a主旨大意题。根据第二段的“the finnish government supplies the boxes, saying the gift encourages good parenting habits and aims to give all children an equal start.”芬兰政府给准父母们提供婴儿床，大大减少了婴儿的死亡率，这一举措大大鼓舞人们养成良好的育儿习惯。.任务型阅读how to communicate effectivelyeffective communication is a must for everyone who hopes to be successful. it helps express your thoughts and improves your career prospects (前景) as well as strengthens relationships. therefore, its necessary to work hard to improve your communication skills._16_before you are ready to talk to a group of people, you should think about what you are going to talk about. although a printed copy of a speech may not be always necessary, highlighting a few important issues in your mind is a must. _17_ and it reduces the possibilities of getting away from the main issues.choose your wordschoice of words is the most important part of any communication. simple, clear words are appropriate for the issue you are discussing. needless to say, words that could make your audience unpleasant are best kept out of the communication. most people tend to be careful about their language while at work. _18_ this may hurt your loved ones beyond your imagination.body languagemany people use body language by mistake and end up making a fool of themselves. body language means keeping eye contact and using hand gestures only wherever required. _19_ this will make your talk more of a stage performance and defeat its purpose.listen and concentratecommunication is an exchange of ideas. once you are done with your part, listen carefully to what other people plan to say. _20_ get rid of all distractions (分散注意力的事物) such as a phone before you begin communication. a distraction not only disturbs your focus, but it also causes your audiences attention to wander.agather your thoughtsbprepare a copy of a speechchowever, when they get home they often use colorful language.dthis will help you remain focused throughout your communication.eif you are giving a speech, it is important that you focus on that activity only.feffective communication is a gradual process and requires efforts on your part.gremember, there is no need to speak every word with a gesture or facial expression.答案：1620adcge.完形填空when john gurdon was 15, he ranked last out of the 250 boys in his grade at biology. he also came in last for every other science subject. his teacher wrote in a _21_： “i believe he has ideas about becoming a _22_； on his present showing this is quite foolish.”luckily, the teachers words didnt _23_ gurdons love for science. he kept working hard. he went to labs earlier and left _24_ than anyone else.on oct 8, 2012, 64 years later, the british professor _25_ the nobel prize for physiology or medicine. japanese scientist shinya yamanaka had contributed to the research and therefore _26_ the award.gurdon got the honor _27_ his research into cells and cloning. when he was studying at oxford, he did some _28_ on cells. he took a cell from an adult frog, moved its _29_， and put them into an egg cell. the egg cell then _30_ into a clone of the adult frog. his research _31_ for the first time that every cell in the body contains the same genes.at that time, many people _32_ accept gurdons idea. but later it helped to _33_ dolly the sheep in 1996, the first cloned mammal in history. it also led to important findings in the _34_ use of cells. for example, _35_ from someones skin can turn into any type of tissue in the body. this is good news for those _36_ who have diseased or damaged tissue.gurdon always remembers the _37_ he had when he was 15. he even put the report on his desk as a daily _38_ to himself.“when you have _39_， like an experiment doesnt work, its nice to remind yourself that perhaps you are not so good at your job and the teacher may be _40_.” he said.however, the facts suggest gurdon is pretty good indeed.语篇解读：英国诺贝尔奖获得者gurdon曾是全年级最差的学生，并被老师认定是愚蠢的学生，但是gurdon通过自己的不懈努力证明了自己，并在研究细胞和克隆方面取得很大成就，获得诺贝尔医学奖。21a.report blettercpassage dprogram解析：选a从文章倒数第3段可知，这是老师在报告里写的内容，故选a。22a.musician bscientistcmanager dmillionaire解析：选b从下文gurdons love for science可推知老师认为他有成为科学家的想法，但是现在看这是很愚蠢的。23a.stop bmeancinspire dreflect解析：选a老师的话并没有阻止他对科学的爱。24a.sooner blatercmore hurriedly dmore happily解析：选b他去实验室比别人早而离开的比别人晚。25a.won bfoundedcdreamed of dapplied for解析：选a这个英国教授获得诺贝尔生理或医学奖。26a.accepted brefusedccollected dshared解析：选d从句子前面的japanese scientist shinya yamanaka had contributed to the research可知两个人分享了这个奖。27a.instead of bin spite ofcbecause of din place of解析：选cgurdon获得这个荣誉是因为他对细胞和克隆的贡献。28a.reading bwritingcchange dresearch解析：选d在牛津大学的时候，他对细胞做过一些研究。29a.baby bpowercgenes dfeatures解析：选c他取出成年青蛙的细胞，改变它的基因，放进卵细胞里面。30a.cut bgrewcwent dformed解析：选b卵细胞然后长成成年青蛙的复制品。31a.predicted bstudiedcproved dprovided解析：选c他的研究第一次证明身体的每一个细胞都有同样的基因。32a.couldnt bshouldntcmustnt dneednt解析：选a当时很多人不能接受gurdon的想法。33a.save bdrivecfeed dcreate解析：选d但是后来它有助于第一个克隆羊dolly的诞生。34a.everyday bmedicalcphysical dillegal解析：选b它也导致了细胞在医学方面的使用的重要发现。35a.cells bhairscwater dblood解析：选a比如人皮肤里面的细胞可以变成身体任何一个器官。36a.fools bscientistscpatients ddoctors解析：选c这对那些有患病器官或受损器官的病人来说是好消息。37a.friend bteachercclassmate dneighbor解析：选b从第一段的句子： his teacher wrote in a .可知他一直记得老师在他15岁的时候给他写的内容。38a.rule bpapercreminder dreward解析：选c他甚至把报告放在桌子上每天提醒他。39a.prizes bdiseasescmeals