云南省楚雄市高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解专练11.doc

2016高考英语二轮（楚雄市）阅读理解专练（11）阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的a,b,c或d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。sometimes, the simplest ideas are the best. for example, to absorb heat from the sun to heat water, you need large, flat, black surfaces. one way to do that is to build those surfaces specially, on the roofs of buildings. but why go to all that trouble when cities are full of black surfaces already, in the form of asphalt(柏油) roads? ten years ago, this thought came into the mind of arian de bondt, a dutch engineer. he finally persuaded his boss to follow it up. the result is that their building is now heated in winter and cooled in summer by a system that relies on the surface of the road outside. the heat-collector is a system of connected water pipes. most of them run from one side of the street to the other, just under the asphalt road. some, however, dive deep into the ground. when the street surface gets hot in summer, water pumped through the pipes picks up this heat and takes it underground through one of the diving pipes. at a depth of 100 metres lies a natural aquifer(蓄水层) into which several heat exchangers(交换器) have been built. the hot water from the street runs through these exchangers, warming the ground-water, before returning to the surface through another pipe. the aquifer is thus used as a heat store. in winter, the working system is changed slightly. water is pumped through the heat exchangers to pick up the heat stored during summer. this water goes into the building and is used to warm the place up. after performing that task, it is pumped under the asphalt and its remaining heat keeps the road free of snow and ice. 1. which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs? a. arian de bondt got his idea from his boss. b. large, flat, black surfaces need to be built in cities. c. the dutch engineers system has been widely used. d. heat can also be collected from asphalt roads. 2. for what purpose are the diving pipes used? a. to absorb heat from the sun. b. to store heat for future use. c. to turn solar energy into heat energy. d. to carry heat down below the surface. 3. from the last paragraph we can learn that.a. some pipes have to be re-arranged in winterb. the system can do more than warming up the buildingc. the exchangers will pick up heat from the street surfaced. less heat may be collected in winter than in summer4. what is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows? a. what we shall do if the system goes wrong. b. what we shall do if there are no asphalt roads. c. how the system cools the building in summer. d. how the system collects heat in spring and autumn. 【参考答案】1-4 ddbc 阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的a,b,c或d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。decision- making under stressa new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative(负面的) consequences of a decision.the research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.“stress affects how people learn, ”says professor mara mather. “people learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress. ”for example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images (影像) with either rewards or punishments. in one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water. in both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadnt gone through the stress.this phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stressat those moments, only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind. but the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also less easily recalled.the research also found that stress appears to affect decision- making differently in men and women. while both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different.men who had been stressed by the cold- water task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way. in stressful situations in which risk- taking can pay off big, men may tend to do better; when caution weighs more, however, women will win.this tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.1. we can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to.a. keep rewards better in their memory b. recall consequences more effortlesslyc. make risky decisions more frequently d. learn a subject more effectively2. according to the research, stress affects people most probably in their.a. ways of making choicesb. preference for pleasurec. tolerance of punishmentsd. responses to suggestions3. the research has proved that in a stressful situation,.a. women find it easier to fall into certain habitsb. men have a greater tendency to slow downc. women focus more on outcomesd. men are more likely to take risks【参考答案】13、aadathe great barn adventureone morning when i was 11, i explored the towns abandoned round grain barn（谷仓）. i found a chained sliding door that was wide enough for me to pass through.inside, there was a heavy smell of dead mice in the dark. after my eyes adjusted, i noticed a shaft (升降机井) that rose all the way to the top of the barn. on one side was a one-man elevator with a long rope and roller.i stepped onto the platform and gave the rope a drag and the elevator began sliding up the shaft, but stopped halfway. after a brief panic attack, i noticed holes in the wall at regular intervals, forming a ladder. for reasons known only to an 11-year-old, i decided it would be better to go up than down. so, with shaking hands, i began climbing the wall.after what seemed like forever, i reached the top of the shaft. i stood up, dusted myself off and found absolutely nothing of interest. it was just an empty room with a ladder leading up to the roof. i climbed all the way up here for this? then i noticed a fire extinguisher（灭火器）,which id always wanted to shoot off. so this was the chance of a lifetime. i tried it, and, much to my surprise, the thing worked! it shot out a thick cloud of powder that instantly filled the room. i couldnt breathe. i was going to choke to death, and theyd probably never even find my body.luckily, i remembered the ladder to the roof. i climbed up, popped the straw roof and saw a bright blue sky. i suddenly realized the dust and powder pouring out of the top could draw attention. so when the dust had settled, i climbed down and slipped out of the chained door. im not sure if i was more excited about being alive or about not being caught, but i ran all the way back home. 1. when the author got inside the barn, he _.a. noticed a man on the elevatorb. opened the chained sliding doorc. saw many dead mice in the darkd. found a shaft leading to the top2. which of the following is the right order of the authors adventure?a. the elevator stopped halfway.b. he entered the round grain barn.c. he climbed to the top of the shaft.d. he found a fire extinguisher and shot it off.a. b-a-c-d b. a-c-b-d c. c-a-d-b d. b-c-a-d3. after getting out of the chained door, the author might feel _.a. inspired b. relieved c. surprised d. disappointed4. from the passage, we can learn that the author was probably a boy full of _.a. passions b. dreams c. curiosity d. imagination参考答案1-4 dabc bevening workshopsoptional evening workshops will be held at small restaurants or other meeting places near the conference hotel. meals and other costs are not included but are also optional. locations will be announced at the conference site. workshops are very loosely organized and most represent discussions that have been held at society for economic botany (seb) meetings over a series of years. workshop 1: student networkdate: wednesday evening, feb. 5thchairs: hugo de boer and arika virapongsesponsor:society for economic botanydescription: student members of the seb hold a networking mixer each year in order to meet each other and to become familiar with a variety of educational programs and faculty advisors(大学指导老师). faculty members who are part of training programs are encouraged to join the mixer to meet and talk with students.workshop 2: botanical film making date : wednesday evening, feb. 5thchair : david strauchsponsor : university of hawaiidescription : digital film making is a particularly useful tool of linking cultural information to recognizable plants. this workshop is aimed towards increasing the quality of material recorded by giving participants greater control over the medium. we will cover technical aspects (e.g. camera settings, audio), technical aspects (framing, lighting, focus), and some ways of presenting the material. experienced filmmakers are encouraged to attend, and participants are welcome to bring their own camera equipment. workshop 3: collections for botany collections development and managementdate: friday evening, feb. 7th chair: jan salick sponsor: society for economic botany description: seb is a network of researchers who have been developing standards for the development of collections of artifacts, plant samples and related materials. participants discuss successes, problems, and funding sources for solving management issues. 5. one of the purposes of a networking mixer held each year is to _. a. provide students with greater control over the media b. link cultural information to recognizable plants c. help the students to deal with most of the environment issues d. help the students to be familiar with educational programs6. which of the following is true according to the poster? a. evening workshops will be held at small restaurants with meals included. b. participants have more than one option on feb.5th than another night. c. workshops have nothing to do with the discussions held at seb meetings. d. faculty advisers can join the mixer without training experience.7. you are a college student, interested in plants and good at taking tv pictures. which of the evening workshops is most suitable for you? a. botanical film making. b. collections for botany. c. student network.d. society for economic botany.参考答案5-7 dba cthe extraordinary eastgate building in harare, zimbabwes capital city, is said to be the only one in the world to use the same cooling and heating principles as the termite mound(白蚁堆). architect mick pearce used precisely the same strategy when designing the eastgate building, which has no air-conditioning and almost no heating. the buildingthe countrys largest commercial and shopping complexuses less than 10% of the energy of a conventional building of its size. the eastgates owners saved $3.5 million on a $36 million building because an air-conditioning equipment didnt have to be imported.the complex is actually two buildings linked by bridges across a shady, glass-roofed atrium(天井) open to the air. fans suck fresh air in from the atrium, blow it upstairs through hollow spaces under the floors and from there into each office through baseboard vents(通风口). as it rises and warms, it is drawn out via ceiling vents and finally exists through forty-eight brick chimneys. during summers cool nights, big fans blow air through the building seven times an hour to cool the empty floors. by day, smaller fans blow two changes of air an hour through the building, to circulate the air which has been in contact with the cool floors. for winter days, there are small heaters in the vents. this is all possible only because harare is 1600 feet above sea level, has cloudless skies, little dampness and rapid temperature changesdays as warm as 31 commonly drop to 14 at night. “you couldnt do this in new york, with its hot summers and cold winters,” pearce said. the engineering firm of ove arup & partners monitors daily temperatures. it is found that the temperature of the building has generally stayed between 23 and 25, with the exception of the annual hot period just before the summer rains in october and three days in november, when a doorkeeper accidentally switched off the fans at night. and the air is freshfar more so than in air-conditioned buildings, where up to 30% of the air is recycled. 8. why was eastgate cheaper to be built than a conventional building? a. it was designed in a smaller size. b. no air conditioners were fixed in. c. its heating system was less advanced.d. it used rather different building materials.9. what does “it” refer to in paragraph 3?a. fresh air from outside.b. heat in the building.c. hollow space. d. baseboard vent. 10. why would a building like eastgate not work efficiently in new york?a. new york has less clear skies as harare.b. its dampness affects the circulation of air.c. new york covers a larger area than harare.d. its temperature changes seasonally rather than daily.11. the data in the last paragraph suggests eastgates temperature control system_.a. allows a wide range of temperatures b. functions well for most of the yearc. can recycle up to 30% of the aird. works better in hot seasons参考答案8-11 badb dmen are spending more and more time in the kitchen encouraged by celebrity (名人) chefs like gordon ramsay and jamie oliver, according to a report from oxford university. the effect of the celebrity role models, who have given cooking a more manly picture, has combined with a more general drive towards sexual equality and men now spend more than twice the amount of time preparing meals than they did in 1961.according to the research by prof. jonatahn gershuny, who runs the centre for time research at oxford, men now spend more than half an hour a day cooking, up from just 12 minutes a day in 1961.prof. gershuny said, “the man in the kitchen is part of a much wider social trend. there has been 40 years of sexual equality, but there is another 40 years probably to come.”women, who a generation ago spent nearly two hours a day cooking, now spend just one hour and seven minutesa great fall, but they still spend far more time in the kitchen than men.some experts have named these men in aprons as “gastrosexuals (men using cooking skills to impress friends)”, who have been inspired to pick up a kitchen knife by the success of ramsay, oliver as well as other male celebrity chefs such as hugh fearnley-whittingstall, marco pierre white and keith floyd. “i was married in 1974. when my father came to visit me a few weeks later, i was wearing an apron wh