高考英语二轮专题复习 提分训练“阅读理解”文化教育类（真题含解析）(1).doc

2014高考英语二轮专题复习 提分训练“阅读理解”文化教育类（2013年真题，含解析）(2013陕西卷d)about 30 years ago, i left cuba for the united states with my son. after getting settled finally in brunswick, new jersey, i enrolled(注册)my son in kindergarten. several weeks later, my sons teacher asked me to meet him at his office. in the teachers office, an exchange of greetings was followed by his questions:“is your son mentally retarded(弱智的)? does he suffer from any kind of mental disability?”was he talking about my wonderful scola? no, no, it cant be. what a helpless, lonely moment! i told him that scola was a quiet, sweet little boy, instead. i asked him why he was asking me all these questions. my son could not follow the teachers directions, he told me, and thus, scola was disrupting the class. didnt he know my son did not speak english yet?he was angry:“why hasnt your son been taught to speak english? dont you speak english at home?”no, i didnt speak english at home, i replied. i was sure my son would learn english in a couple of months, and i didnt want him to forget his native language. well, wrong answer! what kind of person would not speak in english to her son at home and at all times? “are you one of those people who come to this country to save dollars and send them back to their country, never wanting to be a part of this society?”needless to say, i tried to tell him i was not one of“those people”. then he told me the meeting was over, and i left. as i had expected, my son learned to speak english fluently before the school year was over. he went on to graduate from college and got a job, earning close to six figures. he travels widely and leads a well-adjusted, contented life. and he has benefited from being bilingual(双语的). speaking more than one language allows people to communicate with others;it teaches people about other cultures and other places-something very basic and obviously lacking in the“educator”i met in new jersey. 【文章大意】作者和儿子搬到美国新泽西州, 儿子上幼儿园时因不会说英语,他的老师找作者谈话,认为作者应该和孩子在家就用英语交流,而作者不这么认为,她觉得学多种语言是为了与人交流,为了多了解别国的文化。57.the teacher asked the author to his office.a.to discuss scolas in-class performanceb.to get scola enrolled in kindergartenc.to find a language partner for scolad.to work out a study plan for scola【解析】选a。细节理解题。根据二、三、四、五、六段可知,他们谈论的都是关于作者的儿子在课堂上的表现,故选a。58.what does the underlined word“disrupting”in paragraph 4 probably mean?a.breaking.b.following.c.attending.d.disturbing.【解析】选d。词义猜测题。根据这一句话的前半部分可知,作者的儿子不听老师的指令,因此可推断这样做会扰乱课堂秩序。break打破;follow遵循,遵守;attend参加;disturb打搅,扰乱。故选d。59.the authors attitude towards being bilingual may best be described as.a.criticalb.casualc.positived.passive【解析】选c。观点态度题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知,作者的儿子从中受益匪浅,因此作者是支持的。critical挑剔的,批评的;casual随意的;positive积极的,肯定的;passive消极的,否定的。故选c。60.this text is likely to be selected from a book of.a.medicineb.educationc.geographyd.history【解析】选b。推理判断题。本文谈论的是与教育有关的语言学习的问题,所以选b。(2013北京卷b)tail spintwo dolphins race around in a big pool in the ocean park. the smaller dolphin, grace, shows off a few of her tricks, turning around and waving hello to the crowd. the most amazing thing about her, however, is that shes even swimming at all. she doesnt have a tail.grace lost her tail as a baby when she got caught up in a fish trap.when the dolphin arrived at the ocean park in december 2005, she was fighting for her life.“is she going to make it?”her trainer, abbey stone, feared the worst. grace did make itbut her tail didnt. she ended up losing her flukes and the lower part of her peduncle.over the past six years, she has learned to swim without her tail. dolphins swim by moving their flukes and peduncle up and down. grace taught herself to move another waylike a fish! she pushes herself forward through the water by moving her peduncle from side to side.the movements put harmful pressure on graces backbone. so a company offered to create a man-made tail for her. the tail had to be strong enough to stay on grace as she swam but soft enough that it wouldnt hurt her.the first time grace wore the artificial tail, she soon shook it off and let it sink to the bottom of the pool. now, she is still learning to use the tail. some days she wears it for an hour at a time, others not at all. “the new tail isnt necessary for her to feel comfortable,”says stone,“but it helps to keep that range of motion(动作)and build muscles(肌肉).”now, the dolphin is about to get an even happier ending. this month, grace will star indolphin tale, a film that focuses on her rescue and recovery. her progress has inspired more than just a new movie. many people travel from near and far to meet her. seeing grace swim with her man-made tail gives people so much courage.【文章大意】文章讲述了海豚grace小时候掉了尾巴,在过去的六年中学着没有尾巴来游泳,后来一家公司给她提供了人造尾巴,她又学着带着人造尾巴游泳。这个月她将出演海豚的传说,她带着人造尾巴游泳给了人们很多勇气。60.when grace first arrived at the ocean park,her trainer worried about her.a.physical buildb.potential abilityc.chance of survivald.adaptation to the surroundings【解析】选c。细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句“.she was fighting for her life.”以及第三句的“is she going to make it?”可以得出海豚训练师担心她是否能存活下来,故选c。61.a man-made tail is created for grace to.a.let her recover fasterb.make her comfortablec.adjust her way of swimmingd.help her perform better tricks【解析】选c。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“the new tail isnt necessary for her to feel comfortable,”says stone,“but it helps to keep that range of motion and build muscles.”可知选c。62.the story of grace inspires people to.a.stick to their dreamsb.treat animals friendlyc.treasure what they haved.face difficulties bravely【解析】选d。推理判断题。记叙文主旨绝大多数出现在文章最后,本文也不例外。最后一句中的courage是本题的题眼。作者在最后告诉读者本文的写作目的,即鼓励人们在逆境中要勇敢要有勇气,故答案为d。(2013安徽卷c)when 19-year-old sophia giorgi said she was thinking of volunteering to help the make-a-wish foundation(基金会),nobody understood what she was talking about.but sophia knew just how important make-a-wish could be because this special organization had helped to make a dream come true for one of her best friends.we were interested in finding out more,so we went along to meet sophia and listen to what she had to say.sophia told us that make-a-wish is a worldwide organization that started in the united states in 1980.“its a charity(慈善机构)that helps children who have got very serious illnesses. make-a-wish help children feel happy even though they are sick,by making their wishes and dreams come true,”sophia explained.we asked sophia how make-a-wish had first started.she said it had all begun with a very sick young boy called chris,who had been dreaming for a long time of becoming a policeman.sophia said lots of people had wanted to find a way to make chriss dream come trueso,with everybodys help,chris,only seven years old at the time,had been a“policeman”for a day.“when people saw how delighted chris was when his dream came true,they decided to try and help other sick children too,and that was the beginning of make-a-wish,”explained sophia.sophia also told us the foundation tries to give children and their families a special, happy time. a make-a-wish volunteer visits the families and asks the children what they would wish for if they could have anything in the world.sophia said the volunteers were important because they were the ones who helped to make the wishes come true.they do this either by providing things that are necessary, or by raising money or helping out in whatever way they can.【文章大意】本文主要给我们介绍一个帮助生病的孩子们实现愿望的组织make-a-wish。64.sophia found out about make-a-wish because her best friend had.a.benefited from itb.volunteered to help itc.dreamed about itd.told the author about it【解析】选a。细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句but sophia knew just how important make-a-wish could be because this special organization had helped to make a dream come true for one of her best friends.可知本题答案为a。65.according to sophia,make-a-wish.a.is an international charityb.was understood by nobody at firstc.raises money for very poor familiesd.started by drawing the interest of the public【解析】选a。细节理解题。根据第二段的第一、二句sophia told us that make-a-wish is a worldwide organization that started in the united states in 1980.“its a charity that helps children who have got very serious illnesses.可知make-a-wish是一个国际性的慈善机构,因此选a。66.what is said about chris in paragraph 3?a.he has been a policeman since he was seven.b.he gave people the idea of starting make-a-wish.c.he wanted people to help make his dream come true.d.he was the first child make-a-wish helped after it had been set up.【解析】选b。主旨大意题。本段主要是讲一个生病的小男孩chris在众人的帮助下实现了自己当警察的梦想,这件事激发人们开设了这个组织make-a-wish,因此本题答案选b。67.which of the following is true about make-a-wish volunteers?a.they are important for making wishes come true.b.they try to help children get over their illnesses.c.they visit sick children to make them feel special.d.they provide what is necessary to make make-a-wish popular.【解析】选a。细节理解题。根据最后一段的第三句sophia said the volunteers were important because they were the ones who helped to make the wishes come true.可知make-a-wish的志愿者们是重要的,因为他们会帮助愿望成真。这个组织是为了帮助生病的孩子实现愿望,不是帮孩子克服疾病的,故b项有误;志愿者们拜访生病的孩子是为了了解他们的愿望,不是让他们感到特别,故c项不正确;志愿者们提供给孩子必须的东西是为了帮他们实现愿望不是让这个组织受欢迎,故d项也是不正确的。(2013福建卷e)a mentoring(导师制)program is giving life changing opportunities to banbury youth.young inspirations was founded two years ago to provide mentoring sessions for students and unemployed young adults aged 11 to 21.alex goldberg, the programs founder, said: “we set up young inspirations because we wanted to give young people experiences which will potentially be life changing and broaden their outlook.”“we try to create work experience opportunities that will really make a difference to our youth. for example, weve secured internships(实习)with world-famous firms such as honda.”“at a time of funding cutbacks where schools are finding it more and more difficult to offer this kind of mentoring, it is extremely important that these opportunities are available both to help youth with their school work and grades and to give them opportunities which may help shape their futures.” kieran hepburn, 14, is one of a group of banbury youth who has benefited from the program so far. in october the banbury school pupil was accompanied by young inspirations staff to paris where he was an observer at the united nations educational, scientific and cultural organizations (unesco) international youth forum (论坛). the event was held for young people from around the world, to seek their views on how the future of youth and education should look. kieran joined several hundred observers mostly in their 20s and was the only uk school pupil to attend the event. kieran thinks the trip was a life changing experience. “before we left i didnt quite know what to make of it but when we got there we didnt stop, it was amazing,” he said,“we went to three or four hours of debates each day and then did something cultural each afternoon.”the main theme of the forum was how youth can drive change in political and public life. it dealt with issues(问题)such as drug abuse, violence and unemployment.kieran said: “it has really helped me to improve my confidence and social skills as well as my school grades and i was voted most improved pupil at school in august.”the young inspirations mentoring sessions take place each friday in banbury. for details visit .【文章大意】年轻人激励方案的实施及评论。71.the young inspirations mentoring program aims to.a.train staff for world-famous firmsb.offer job opportunities to young adultsc.provide youth with unique experiencesd.equip the unemployed with different skills【解析】选c。细节理解题。根据第二段“we set up young inspirations because we wanted to give young people experiences which will potentially be life changing and broaden their outlook.”可知,young inspirations的主要目的是给年轻人独特的经历,故答案选c。72.according to alex goldberg,it is difficult for schools to offer the mentoring due to.a.the lack of support from firmsb.the cultural differencesc.the effect of unemploymentd.the shortage of money【解析】选d。细节理解题。根据第四段“at a time of funding cutbacks where schools are finding it more and more difficult to offer this kind of mentoring”可知,经费削减是主要原因,也即缺乏资金,故答案选d。73.according to the passage,the forum focused on how youth can.a.build up their confidence at schoolb.find work experience opportunitiesc.improve their social skills for the futured.play an active role in the change of society【解析】选d。细节理解题。根据第六段“the main theme of the forum was how youth can drive change in political and public life.”可知答案选d。74.we can learn from the passage that.a.the visit to the united kingdom was amazingb.kieran has made great progress in many aspectsc.the youth have found a way to solve their problemsd.the mentoring sessions are held every day except friday【解析】选b。推理判断题。根据kieran的话“it has really helped me to improve my confidence and social skills as well as my school grades and i was voted most improved pupil at school in august.”可以推知,kieran在很多方面取得了进步,故答案选b。75.what would be the best title for the passage?a.alex goldberg,founder of young inspirationsb.young people find a world of opportunityc.kieran,banbury school pupil to parisd.debates help youth with their grades【解析】选b。主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了young inspirations为年轻人适应社会的改变而提供锻炼机会,使他们更好地服务社会,故答案选b。其余选项都是细节。(2013湖北卷c)weve reached a strangesome would say unusualpoint. while fighting world hunger continues to be the matter of vital importance according to a recent report from the world health organization(who), more people now die from being overweight, or say, from being extremely fat, than from being underweight. its the good life thats more likely to kill us these days.worse, nearly 18 million children under the age of five around the world are estimated to be overweight. whats going on?we really dont have many excuses for our weight problems. the dangers of the problem have been drilled into us by public-health campaigns since 2001 and the message is getting throughup to a point.in the 1970s, finland, for example, had the highest rate of heart disease in the world and being overweight was its main cause. not any more. a public-health campaign has greatly reduced the number of heart disease deaths by 80 per cent over the past three decades.maybe that explains why the percentage of people in finland taking diet pills doubled between 2001 and 2005, and doctors even offer surgery of removing fat inside and change the shape of the body. that has become a sort of fashion. no wonder it ranks as the worlds most body-conscious country.we know what we should be doing to lose weightbut actually doing it is another matter. by far the most popular excuse is not taking enough exercise. more than half of us admit we lack willpower.others blame good food. they say: its just too inviting and it makes them overeat. still others lay the blame on the americans, complaining that pounds have piled on thanks to eating too much american-style fast food.some also blame their parentstheir genes.but unfortunately, the parents are wronged because theyre normal in shape, or rather slim.its a similar story around the world, although people are relatively unlikely to have tried to lose weight. parents are eager to see their kids shape up. do as i saynot as i do.【文章大意】尽管世界性的饥饿问题依然存在着,可是越来越多的人死于肥胖问题。而且这样的问题引起了很多关注,很多人把肥胖归因于食品、不经常运动,甚至是父母的基因,但是作者指出不应该抱怨,而应该采取行动。59.what is the“strange”point mentioned in the first sentence?a.the good life is a greater risk than the bad life.b.starvation is taking more peoples lives in the world.c.who report shows peoples unawareness of food safety.d.overweight issue remains unresolved despite whos efforts.【解析】选a。细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句的陈述可知世界性的饥饿问题依然存在着,可是死于肥胖的比饿死的人多,这一问题反差之大令人感到惊讶。故选a项。60. why does the author think that people have no excuse for being overweight?a. a lot of effective diet pills are available.b. body image has nothing to do with good food.c. they have been made fully aware of its dangers.d. there are too many overweight people in the world.【解析】选c。推理判断题。在第三段首先提出了观点“不能抱怨”,第二句话the dangers of the problem have been drilled into us by public-health campaigns since 2001 and the message is getting throughup to a point.指出了原因:这个问题的危害已经多次告知我们了,没有借口不去解决。因此可知选c项。61. the example of finland is used to illustrate.a. the cause of heart diseaseb. the fashion of body shapingc. the effectiveness of a campaignd. the history of a body-conscious country【解析】选c。推理判断题。芬兰的健康运动使这个国家的心脏病死亡率大大降低,足以证明健康运动的有效性。62. which would be the best title for the passage?a. actions or excuses?b. overweight or underweight?c. who in a dilemmad. no longer dying of hunger【解析】选a。主旨大意题。文章讲述了很多人把肥胖归因于食品、不经常运动,甚至是父母的基因等这些错误的想法,作者在文章的最后指出不应该抱怨,没有借口,应该采取行动。故a项正确。(2013江西卷c)many people think that listening is a passive business.it is just the opposite.listening well is an active exercise of our attention and hard work.it is because they do not realize this,or because they are not willing to do the work,that most people do not listen well.listening well also requires total concentration upon someone else.an essential part of listening well is the rule known as“bracketing”.bracketing includes the temporary giving up or setting aside of your own prejudices and desires,to experience as far as possible someone elses world from the inside,stepping into his or her shoes.moreover,since listening well involves bracketing,it also involves a temporary acceptance of the other person.sensing this acceptance,the speaker will seem quite willing to open up the inner part of his or her mind to the listener.true communication is under way.the energy required for listening well is so great that it can be accomplished only by the will to extend oneself for mutual growth.most of the time we lack this energy.even though we may feel in our business dealings or social relatio