高考英语二轮复习 专题整合突破八 非谓语动词.doc

2013年高考第二轮复习英语全国版专题整合突破八、非谓语动词真题试做1（2012课标全国高考）the party will be held in the garden，weather _.apermitting bto permitcpermitted dpermit2（2012课标全国高考）film has a much shorter history，especially when _ such art forms as music and painting.ahaving compared to bcomparing toccompare to dcompared to3（2012北京高考）one learns a language by making mistakes and _ them.acorrects bcorrectcto correct dcorrecting4（2012北京高考）_ with care，one tin will last for six weeks.ause busingcused dto use5（2012江西高考）having finished her project，she was invited by the school _ to the new students.aspeaking bhaving spokencto speak dto have spoken考向分析1考查对谓语动词与非谓语动词的识别，要求明确句子的结构和意义，掌握非谓语动词的基本用法。2考查不定式和动名词作宾语的区别，要求掌握一些常见动词后面所接宾语的形式。3考查非谓语动词作定语、状语、补语时的区别，尤其是不定式、现在分词短语、过去分词短语所表示的不同时间、逻辑关系和意义。现在分词和不定式作结果状语时的区别应引起足够重视。4考查非谓语动词的否定式、完成式、被动式及复合结构，要求掌握其构成形式、所表示的时间以及逻辑关系。热点例析考点一：谓语与非谓语形式的识别试题以复杂的结构和冗长的句式呈现，考查考生是否能瞻前顾后地分清句子成分、理解句子结构、明白句子意义，正确判断、识别动词在句中是否充当谓语。【典例分析】（2012浙江高考）i think tom，as the head of a big department，should either study regularly or _ his job.aquitsbto quitcquitting dquit答案为d项。该句使用了either . or .并列结构，either后面是动词原形study，or后面也应该是动词原形quit，故选择d项构成并列谓语。考点二：非谓语形式作主语非谓语形式作主语时，形式主语it常用来代替不定式短语作主语。如：it is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.但在it is no use/good doing sth.和it is a waste of time doing sth.句型中，it代替动名词短语作主语。如：its no use arguing with them.【典例分析】（2012浙江高考）no matter how bright a talker you are，there are times when its better _ silent.aremain bbe remainingchaving remained dto remain答案为d项。when在此处引导定语从句修饰times，在when引导的从句中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式to remain silent，表示“有时保持沉默更好”。考点三：非谓语形式作宾语1部分动词（短语）后面只能接不定式作宾语。常见的有：agree/ask/decide/demand/expect/fail/hope/learn/manage/offer/plan/promise/pretend/refuse/wish/would like（love）he agreed to lend me his bike.he refused to say sorry to me.2部分动词（短语）后面只能接动名词作宾语。常见的有：avoid/appreciate/consider/delay/enjoy/escape/excuse/finish/imagine/mind/miss/practise/suggest/keep（on）/feel like/devote oneself to/give up/be（get）used to/be worth/insist on/look forward to/prefer.to.等。he admitted taking my money.do you try to avoid making her annoyed?3部分动词（短语）后接不定式和动名词时，含义不同，应注意区分。（1）remember如：ill remember to post your letter.我会记住把你的信寄上的。i dont remember saying this to him before.我不记得以前对他说过这件事。（2）forget如：i forgot to tell him to come.我忘记叫他来了。ill never forget seeing him for the first time.我永远忘不了和他初次见面的情景。（3）regret如：i regret to say that i cant accept your kind offer.很抱歉，我不能接受你那善意的提议。i regret saying what was in my mind.我后悔说了心里话。（4）try如：you must try to improve your teaching method.你一定要试图改进你的教学方法。if no one answers，try knocking at the back door.如果没人答应，试着敲敲后门。（5）mean如：i meant to send you a postcard，but i didnt have your address with me.我本想寄一张明信片给你，但是我身边没有你的地址。starting too early means wasting your time.出发太早就是浪费时间。（6）stop如：lets stop to buy something to eat here.咱们在这里停停买些吃的吧。lets stop working and have a rest.咱们停下手里的活，歇一会儿。（7）go on如：after reading the text，he went on to write the new words.读完课文之后，他接着写生词。he went on telling us the story after a short rest.稍微休息之后他接着给我们讲故事。（8）want/need/require如：i want to join the army.我想参军。the road needs rebuilding.这条路需要重新修建。（9）cant help如：i cant help to carry the box because my arm hurts.我不能帮忙搬箱子，因为我胳膊疼。they couldnt help laughing when they saw him.他们看到他，忍不住大笑起来。（10）advise/allow/permit如：i advised holding a meeting to discuss the matter.我建议开一个会来讨论这件事情。he often advises people to use their brains.他常常劝人动动脑子。【典例分析】（2012安徽高考）i remembered _ the door before i left the office，but forgot to turn off the lights.alocking bto lockchaving locked dto have locked 答案为b项。remember to do sth.意为“记着要做某事”，remember doing sth.意为“记着做过某事”。“在离开办公室前就把门锁上”显然不合逻辑，所以应选不定式作宾语。句意：我在离开办公室以前，记着了要锁门，但是忘了要关灯。考点四：非谓语形式作定语1时间关系不同：不定式作定语通常表示一个未发生的动作，或表示一个已完成的动作；现在分词作定语通常表示一个正在进行的动作、经常性的动作或状态；过去分词作定语所表示的动作在谓语动词动作之前已发生，或没有一定的时间性（只表示被动）。如：i have a lot of work to do.the tall girl standing there is a basketball player.this is a play written by shakespeare.2逻辑关系不同：不定式所修饰的词可能是它的逻辑主语，也可能是它的逻辑宾语；现在分词作定语时，它所修饰的词一定是它的逻辑主语；过去分词作定语所修饰的词一定是它的逻辑宾语。如：he is the first to get here.he is the man to depend on.he is the very person looking for you.a letter posted today will probably reach him the day after tomorrow.3不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，不要遗漏必要的介词。如：he found a good house to live in.【典例分析】（2012浙江高考）“its such a nice place，” mother said as she sat at the table_ for customers.ato be reserved bhaving reservedcreserving dreserved答案为d项。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语形式修饰table，“桌子”是“被预订或保留”的，所以用过去分词短语作后置定语。考点五：非谓语形式作状语1不定式作状语：（1）表示目的，直接用不定式或so as to/in order to。如：he worked day and night to get the money.（2）表示结果，更常见于so.as to，such.as to，enough to，too.to结构中，only接不定式也常表示出乎意料的结果。如：i visited him only to find him out.（3）表示原因，用在作表语的某些表示情感的形容词或过去分词后面，说明产生某种情绪的原因或是在哪方面存在谓语所表示的情况等。如：they were very sad to hear the news.2现在分词作状语：现在分词作状语表示的必须是主语的一个动作，即分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。现在分词可以作时间状语、原因状语、结果状语、方式状语和伴随状语。作原因状语时，通常放在句首；作结果状语时，通常放在句子后面，表示自然而然的结果。如：hearing the news，they all jumped with joy.he fired his gun，killing the wolf.all night long he lay awake，thinking of the problem.3过去分词作状语：过去分词的动作与句子的主语是逻辑上的动宾关系。过去分词可以作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、方式状语和伴随状语。如：seen from the hill，the city looks more beautiful.given better attention，the cabbages could have grown better.【典例分析】（2012辽宁高考）this machine is very easy _.anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.aoperating bto be operatingcoperated dto operate答案为d项。句意：这台机器很容易操作。任何人几分钟就会学会使用。该题应选不定式作表语形容词的状语，说明在哪一方面存在这个形容词表示的情况或产生这种情绪的原因。（2012天津高考）he got up late and hurried to his office，_ the breakfast untouched.aleft bto leavecleaving dhaving left答案为c项。句意：他起床晚了，匆忙赶往办公室，早餐一动没动。现在分词短语在此处作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。（2012四川高考）tom took a taxi to the airport，only_his plane high up in the sky.afinding bto findcbeing found dto have found答案为b项。only后接不定式表示意想不到的结果，所以应选b项作结果状语。to have found表示动作发生在主句谓语took之前，时间上有误。句意：汤姆乘出租车去了飞机场，却发现飞机已经飞在高空了。考点六：非谓语形式作补语1advise/allow/ask/beg/expect/encourage/force/get/invite/order/permit/persuade/tell/warn/wish等动词后面常用不定式作补语。如：tell the children not to play on the street.the police warned us not to go out at night.2see/watch/notice/observe/hear/listen to/feel等感官动词及make/let/have等使役动词后面用不带to的不定式作补语，但在被动句中则使用带to的不定式。如：they make the students do too much homework every day.the students are made to do too much homework every day.3感官动词后面可用不带to的不定式或分词作补语。从时间上看，不定式表示发生或完成；现在分词强调正在进行；过去分词表示完成。从逻辑关系上看，不定式和现在分词与宾语之间存在着主谓关系；过去分词与宾语之间存在着动宾关系。如：i saw him cross the street.我看到他穿过了大街。i saw him crossing the street.我看到他正在穿过大街。i saw him surrounded by a group of students.我看到一群学生围着他。4介词with和without后面可接复合宾语。不定式作补语常表示将来；现在分词作补语常表示宾语与补语是主动关系或正在进行；过去分词作补语常表示宾语与补语是被动关系或已经完成。如：i cant go out with all these dishes to wash.all the afternoon he worked with the door locked.【典例分析】（2012四川高考）i looked up and noticed a snake_its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.ato wind bwindcwinding dwound答案为c项。句意：我抬起头来，注意到一条蛇为了捉到它的早餐，正盘旋着往树上爬。在感官动词noticed后面，宾语a snake和wind为主动关系，所以应选现在分词形式作补语，表示主动、进行。考点七：非谓语动词的否定式、进行式、完成式和被动式1非谓语动词的否定式均是在前面加not。he pretended not to see me.i regret not following his advice.not having tried his best，he failed in the exam.2不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式。当谓语动词表示的动作（情况）发生时，不定式动作正在进行，不定式要用进行式。the boy pretended to be working hard.当不定式的动作在谓语动作之前发生时，不定式要用完成式。i happened to have seen the film.当不定式的逻辑主语为不定式动作的承受者时，不定式要用被动式。the patient asked to be operated on at once.3动名词的完成式、被动式、完成被动式和带有逻辑主语的复合结构。we remembered having seen the film.he came to the party without being invited.he forgot having been taken to guangzhou when he was five years old.his not knowing english troubled him a lot.4现在分词的完成式和被动式。当现在分词的动作早于谓语动作之前发生时，现在分词要用完成式。having done his homework，he played basketball.当现在分词的逻辑主语为其动作的承受者时，现在分词要用被动式。the problem being discussed is very important.having been told many times，the naughty boy made the same mistake.【典例分析】（2012湖南高考）weve had a good start，but next，more work needs _ to achieve the final success.abeing done bdocto be done dto do答案为c项。句意：我们已经有了一个很好的开端，但要想获得最终的成功，接下来更多的工作还需要完成。主语more work与后面的do存在被动关系，所以needs后面要用动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式作宾语。（2012福建高考）china recently tightened its waters controls near the huangyan island to prevent chinese fishing boats from _ in the south china sea.aattacking bhaving attackedcbeing attacked dhaving been attacked答案为c项。由于chinese fishing boats与attack之间存在被动关系，所以排除表示主动的a项和b项；由句意“最近中国加紧对黄岩岛附近水域的控制来阻止中国渔船在中国南海受到攻击”可知attack的动作并没有发生，因此排除表示完成的d项；答案为c项，动名词的被动式作宾语。（2012重庆高考）were having a meeting in half an hour.the decision _ at the meeting will influence the future of our company.ato be made bbeing madecmade dhaving been made答案为a项。根据第一句in half an hour可知，会议还没有开始，因此决定还没有做出，只是将要做出，故排除b、c、d三项；不定式作定语表示将来，符合题意。句意：半小时后我们将举行一次会议，在会议上将要做出的决定会影响我们公司的将来。误区警示1非谓语动词作宾语的易错点（2012上海高考）when peter speaks in public，he always has trouble _ the right things to say.athinking of bto think ofcthought of dthink of【错混透析】ahave trouble（in）doing sth.为固定句式，意为“做某事有困难（麻烦）”，故a项正确。该题易误选b项，主要是没有看清这是一个固定句式。【解题指导】解答非谓语动词作宾语的题目，应注意以下三点：（1）有的动词后面只能接不定式作宾语；有的动词后面只能接动词ing形式作宾语；有的动词后接不定式和动词ing形式均可，意义区别不大；还有部分动词后接不定式和动词ing形式时，含义不同。应牢记这几类不同的动词。（2）有些短语中的to是介词，应接动词ing形式作宾语，不要误认为是不定式符号，而接动词原形。（3）有些动词短语中的介词in或from常省略，后面应接动词ing形式。2非谓语动词作定语的易错点（2012湖南高考）the lecture，_ at 7：00 pm last night，was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.astarting bbeing startedcto start dto be started【错混透析】a句意：报告于昨晚七点开始，报告之后便是用望远镜观察月球。start在此用作不及物动词，表示“开始”，故用现在分词形式作后置定语，相当于which started.。不定式一般表示将来，c、d项错误；若start用作及物动词，则此处须表示被动，而b项being started 表示正在开始，时间上错误。如果忽视了报告的时间，该题易误选c项。（2011全国高考）the island，_ to the mainland by a bridge，is easy to go to.ajoining bto join cjoined dhaving joined【错混透析】cjoin a to b意为“把a与b连接起来”。此处逻辑主语the island与join为被动关系，所以使用过去分词作定语，相当于非限制性定语从句which is joined to.。（2011湖南高考）the ability _ an idea is as important as the idea itself.aexpressing bexpressedcto express dto be expressed【错混透析】c句意：“表达想法的能力和想法本身同样重要。”当名词与定语有同位关系时，只能用不定式作定语。本题中的the ability与定语to express an idea存在同位关系。故选c项。【解题指导】解答非谓语形式作定语的题目，可以从三方面着手。（1）理解句子结构，不要被假象所迷惑，确定所选的答案是用来修饰名词或代词的。（2）分析非谓语动词发生的时间。表示将来通常用不定式形式；表示进行通常用现在分词形式；表示完成通常用过去分词形式。（3）分析非谓语动词与所修饰的名词或代词的逻辑关系。主动关系通常用现在分词形式；被动关系通常用过去分词形式。3非谓语动词作状语的易错点（2012陕西高考）_ in a long queue，we waited for the store to open to buy a new ipad.astanding bto standcstood dstand【错混透析】a句意：我们排在长长的队伍中，等着商店开门买一台新的苹果平板电脑。由于逗号前后没有任何关联词，所以不能选择d项构成祈使句；不定式在句首时通常作目的状语，b项不合逻辑；分析句子结构可知所填部分在句中作状语，且句子主语we与stand之间是主动关系，故选a项。如果不注意逗号前后的逻辑和时间关系，易误选b项；如果不注意句与句之间的关联关系，有可能误选d项。（2011天津高考）_ into english，the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.atranslating btranslatedcto translate dhaving translated【错混透析】b句子主语the sentence与translate为被动关系，所以应选过去分词形式作状语。（2011四川高考）simon made a big bamboo box _ the little sick bird till it could fly.akeep bkeptckeeping dto keep【错混透析】d根据句意和逻辑关系判断，该题应选不定式形式作目的状语。【解题指导】非谓语形式作状语时，应注意以下三点。（1）不定式通常作目的状语。（2）现在分词作状语时，与句子主语是主动关系。（3）过去分词作状语时，与句子主语是被动关系。4非谓语动词作补语的易错点（2012四川高考）before driving into the city，you are required to get your car_.awashed bwashcwashing dto wash【错混透析】acar和wash为被动关系，故选washed作补语表示被动。句意：在你开车驶入这所城市前，你应该先洗车。“get宾语to do sth.”意为“使宾语做某事”，宾语与后面的补语为主动关系，所以逻辑关系判断失误会造成误选d项。（2011浙江高考）even the best writers sometimes find themselves _ for words.alose blostcto lose dhaving lost【错混透析】b该题易误选a项，考生可能会将find sb.do与find oneself done混淆。根据句意“即使最好的作家有时也会觉得自己无法用语言表达”可知，四个选项围绕lose变化。lost for words为过去分词短语作宾补，意为“（惊讶，困惑等得）不知说什么好”。【解题指导】非谓语形式可以在动词后面作补语，也可以在with的复合结构中作补语。（1）在“一感（feel）二听（hear，listen）三让（let，make，have）四看（see，watch，notice，observe）”等动词后面，可以跟不带to的不定式或者分词作宾补。不定式表示动作的全过程，说明某事已发生；现在分词表示动作正在进行，还未结束，现在分词和宾语之间存在逻辑上的主动关系；过去分词表示被动和完成，没有一定的时间性，过去分词和宾语之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。（2）with复合结构的构成是“with宾语宾补”，宾补可以由分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语等来充当。若用过去分词作宾补表示被动和完成；用现在分词作宾补表示主动和进行；用动词不定式作宾补表示将来。5非谓语动词的否定式、进行式、完成式和被动式易错点（2011浙江高考）if they win the final tonight，the team are going to tour around the city _ by their enthusiastic supporters.abeing cheered bbe cheeredcto be cheered dwere cheered【错混透析】c从句子结构来看，前面已经有are going to tour，中间又没有连词，不可能出现两个独立谓语，所以应选非谓语形式，可排除b、d两项；a、c两项都表示被动，区别在于being done强调正在进行，而动词不定式to be done表示将来。根据句子的时态判断应选c项。（2012重庆高考）_ to work overtime that evening，i missed a wonderful film.ahaving been asked bto askchaving asked dto be asked【错混透析】a由后句“i missed a wonderful film”可知，那晚上加班已经发生，由于不定式表示将来，可排除b、d两项；ask与主语i 之间应为被动关系，故用现在分词的完成被动式作状语。句意：那天晚上被要求加班，我错过了一场好看的电影。如果主语与ask的逻辑关系判断失误，有可能会误选c项，如果忽视了发生的时间，有可能会误选d项。【解题指导】具体运用中，不定式和现在分词可以有多种形式，过去分词只有一种形式。（1）当不定式的动作正在进行时，不定式要用进行式；当不定式的动作在谓语动作之前发生时，不定式要用完成式；当不定式的逻辑主语为不定式动作的承受者时，不定式要用被动式。（2）当现在分词的动作早于谓语动作之前发生时，现在分词要用完成式；当现在分词的逻辑主语为其动作的承受者时，现在分词要用被动式。（3）现在分词的完成被动式和过去分词都表示被动和完成，两种形式作状语时常可互换，但作定语时只能用过去分词形式，不能用现在分词的完成被动式。1many things such as going abroad and owning a car，_ impossible in the past，are now very common.abeing consideredbto be consideredcconsidering dconsidered2_to the second hand smoke for long，i think，will damage your body.aexposed bexposingcbeing exposed dafter being exposed3（2012北京东城统一测练）many of the students who hope to enter the university will be disappointed because only one third _ for admission will be accepted.aapply bto applycapplied dapplying4（2012东北四校一模）most days of the year begin and end with no lasting memories _ in between.ato be made bmadecbeing made dhaving made5（2012福建福州八中质检）_ the temperature might drop，coal was prepared for warming.ato consider bconsideredcconsidering dto be considered6university of cambridge，_ in 1209，is home to a great number of outstanding figures.afound bfoundingcfounded dto be founded7（2012海南琼海测试）it is rather difficult to make friends with her，but her friendship，_，is truer than any others.awhile gaining bafter gainingcwhen to gain donce gained8（2012河北保定一模）prices began to climb noticeably last year，_ a historical high in november.ahit bto hitchitting dbeing hit9（2012河南商丘二模）this is the best way i could think of _ the students _ the rules.ato stop；breaking bstopping；breakingcstop；to break dstopped；from breaking10he was puzzled by this phenomenon.he began to try every approach _ the way of working it out.aknown finding bknowing to findcknown to find dknowing finding11dont leave your toys _ about when you finish playing with them，tom.ok，mum.abeing laid bbeing lainclying dlaying12（2012江苏百校大联考）when the eiffel tower was erected in 1889，at the world exposition，it was not very popular and came close to _ down.abe torn btearctearing dbeing torn13this novel is set in the modern city，san francisco，so once _，it will be very popular.apublishes bhaving publishedcpublishing dpublished14（2012山东威海一模）lydia，i finally had some pictures from the camping trip _ and brought them to you since you lost your camera on the trip.aprint bprintedcprinting dto print15（2012山西大同学情调查）he tried to get his work _ in the medical circles.ato recognize brecognizingcbeing recognized drecognized参考答案 八、非谓语动词命题调研明晰考向真题试做1a由于逗号前后没有关联词，所以只能用非谓语形式，根据weather和permit的逻辑关系判断应选用现在分词形式构成独立主格结构，表示“天气允许的话”。2d考查非谓语动词和省略。compare.to.意为“把和进行比较”，在该题when后面为非谓语形式，由于句子主语film和compare为被动关系，所以应用过去分词形式，此处是when i