高中英语Module1SmallTalkSectionⅣOtherPartsoftheModule教学案外研版.docx

Module 1 Small Talk Section Other Parts of the Module原文呈现 读文清障The Wrong Kind of Small TalkEsther Greenbaum was a saleswoman for a firm of fax machines and business supplies. But she was also the most outspokenhuman being in the world well, Westchester County, at least. Her motto was “Every time I open my mouth, I put my foot in it.”Esther Greenbaums majorshortcoming was that she had a complete absence of small talk. No, thats not quite true. She had small talk, but it was the wrong kind. In fact， she had never learnt the basic rules of social communication, and as a consequence， she made systematic mistakes every time she opened her mouth. It was no coincidence either that she wasnt a very good saleswoman.saleswoman/seIlzwmn/n女推销员，女销售员firm/fm/n公司fax/fks/n传真(机)outspoken/atspkn/adj.直言不讳的，坦率的human being 人类，其复数形式是human beings。at least 至少motto/mt/n座右铭，格言every time “每次”，是名词短语用作连词，引导时间状语从句。put ones foot in ones mouth 犯使人难堪的错误，说错话major adj.主要的shortcoming/tkmI/n缺点，短处absence/bsns/n缺乏，不存在that she had .是表语从句。in fact 实际上， as a matter of fact 事实上as a consequence 因此，结果systematic/sIstmtIk/adj.非偶然的，经常的coincidence/kInsIdns/n巧合It is/was no coincidence that . 不是巧合。it是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。不合时宜的闲谈埃斯特戈林鲍姆是一家传真及商务用品公司的女推销员。但她也是世界上最口无遮拦的人当然，至少在韦切斯特县是这样的。她的座右铭是“每当我张口，就会讲错话。”埃斯特戈林鲍姆的主要缺点是她根本不会闲谈。不，也不完全如此。她也闲谈，只是不合时宜。实际上，她从来就没有认识到社交的基本规则，因此每次张嘴说话她都会犯经常性的错误。她成不了一名优秀的推销员也就不是巧合了。One day during a meeting, Esther was introduced to an important customer， a mature woman.“Nice to meet you，” she said. “How old are you？” The customer looked awkward.“Forty? Fortyfive？” said Esther. “You look much older. And your friend . shes older than you, but she looks much younger！”On another occasion, Esther teased a typist，“Hey! Whens your baby due？”The typist went red and contradicted Esther. “Actually, Im not pregnant，”she said.“Oh, sorry，” said Esther without any apology.“Just putting on a little weight， huh？”Esther was never cautious about other peoples feelings. One of her acquaintances， a salesman in the firm, was going through a very messydivorce and was very depressed. She tried to cheer him up.“Forget her! She was a complete fool. No one liked her anyway.”be introduced to sb.被介绍给某人customer/kstm/n顾客，客户mature/mt/adj.成熟的awkward/kwd/adj.尴尬的tease/tiz/v戏弄，嘲弄，揶揄typist/taIpIst/n打字员go red 变红contradict/kntrdIkt/v反驳pregnant/pregnnt/adj.怀孕的apology/pldi/n道歉，致歉put on weight 长胖，增肥lose weight 减肥cautious/ks/adj.谨慎的，慎重的be cautious about ( be careful of/about)对谨慎小心acquaintance/kweIntns/n熟人go through 遭受，经历messy/mesi/adj.棘手的，难办的divorce/dIvs/n离婚，离异cheer sb. up 使某人高兴/振作起来fool/ful/n傻瓜，笨蛋一天在一次会议期间，埃斯特被介绍给一位重要的客户，一位成熟的女士。,她说：“很高兴见到你。你多大年纪啦？”这位客户看起来很尴尬。,埃斯特说道：“四十？四十五？你看起来更老。而你的朋友她年龄比你大，但看起来年轻得多！”,还有一次，埃斯特打趣一位打字员说：“嗨！你什么时候生宝宝啊？”,那位打字员一下子变得面红耳赤，并反驳埃斯特说：“实际上， 我还没怀孕呢。”,埃斯特毫无歉意地说：“噢，对不起。只是略微发福，是吗？”,埃斯特从来不注意他人的感受。和她在同一家公司做推销员的一个熟人正陷入离婚窘境，并为此非常沮丧。她试图让他高兴起来。,“忘掉她！她是一个十足的傻瓜。没有人喜欢她。”Much of the time, Esther said the first thing to come into her head. One day at work, a clerk came into the office with a new hairstyle.“Nice haircut，” said Esther.“How much did it cost？”The woman replied, “Id rather not say.”Esther replied, “Well, anyhow， either you paid too much or you paid too little.”She met a very famous writer once. “Hey, what a coincidence！” she said. “Youre writing a book and Im reading one！”to come into her head 作后置定语，修饰the first thing。clerk/klk/n职员，办事员haircut/hekt/n发型，发式would rather “宁愿”，后接动词原形，还可接that从句(从句用一般过去时或过去完成时表示虚拟语气)。anyhow/enIha/adv.不管怎么说，无论如何either . or . 或者或者大多数时候，埃斯特想到什么就说什么。有一天工作时，一位刚换了新发型的职员走进办公室。,埃斯特说：“发型很漂亮，花了多少钱？”,这位女士回答道：“我宁愿不说。”,埃斯特答道：“哦，不管怎样，要么你花了太多，要么你花了太少。”,有一次她遇见一位非常著名的作家。她说：“嗨，多么巧啊！你正在写一本书，我正在看一本书！”The trouble with Esther was she said what she thought, and didnt think about what she said. A young man was trying to be modest about his new job many miles away.“I guess the company chose me so theyd get some peace in the office，” he smiled.“No, I guess they chose you to discourage you from spending your whole career with us，” Esther replied sweetly.Once, Esther went to a brunch party to meet some old school friends on the anniversary of their graduation.She greeted the hostess.“Do you remember that guy you were dating？ What happened to him？” she asked. “You know, the ugly one.”At that moment， a man came up and stood by her friend. “Esther, Id like you to meet my husband，” she said. “Charles, this is .”Esther interrupted her，“Hey, so you married him！”was 后省略了表语从句引导词that，表语从句中含有并列谓语said和didnt think about，它们分别后接了宾语从句what she thought和what she said。modest/mdIst/adj.谦虚的，谦逊的be modest about 对谦虚discourage sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事sweetly adj.令人愉快地；甜美地brunch/brnt/n早午餐anniversary/nIvsrI/n周年纪念日greet vt.问候，向打招呼其后直接跟sb.，意同say hi/hello to sb.。hostess/hstIs/n女主人you were dating 前省略了定语从句的关系词that, who或whom。ugly adj.丑陋的，难看的at that moment 正在那时come up 走过来，走上前来interrupt/Intrpt/v打断marry v嫁给；与结婚be married to sb.与某人结婚埃斯特的问题是她想到什么就说什么，而且从不考虑她说的话。一位年轻人为他好几英里外的新工作而尽力表示谦虚。,他微笑着说：“我想公司选择我是为了他们在办公室里可以得到一些平和。”,埃斯特亲切地回答：“不是的，我想他们之所以挑中你是因为不想让你一辈子都跟着我们干。”,有一次，埃斯特在他们毕业周年纪念日去一个早午餐聚会见几个老校友。她向女主人打招呼。,她问道：“你还记得和你约会的那个家伙吗？他怎么样了？你知道的，就是那个长得丑的。”,正在那时，一个男人走过来，站在她朋友的旁边。她说：“埃斯特，我想让你见见我丈夫。查尔斯，这是”,埃斯特打断她说：“噢，原来你和他结了婚！”原文呈现 读文清障Making Friends in the USAIn the USA, conversation is less lively than in many other cultures, where everyone talks at the same time. When someone talks, everyone is expected to listen，no matter how dull the persons speaking may be.If youre not sure what to talk about, you can ask what people do. Were defined by our jobs and were usually happy to talk about them, unless youre a spy!Some people say that Americans talk about their feelings more than Asians, but are more secretive about factual matters. You can safely ask questions about families, where you come from, leisure interests, as well as the latest movies. Were interested in peoples ethnic background too. But its best to avoid politics, religion and other sensitive topics.where引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为many other cultures。at the same time 同时be expected to do 被期望做no matter how“无论，不管”，引导让步状语从句。If youre not sure . 是条件状语从句，从句中what to .作sure的宾语；主句you can ask . 中what people do作ask的宾语。define/dIfaIn/v解释，给下定义unless conj. (if . not) 除非secretive/sikrtIv/adj.秘而不宣的，隐藏的be secretive about 对隐藏factual/fktl/adj.实际的，事实的，确实的as well as 不但而且as well 也，又latest adj.最新的be interested in 对感兴趣take (an) interest in 对产生兴趣ethnic adj.民族的，种族的religion n宗教(信仰)sensitive adj.敏感的， be sensitive to 对敏感句中it是形式主语，to avoid . 是真正的主语。在美国交朋友第13段译文在美国，交谈比在许多别的国家沉闷得多，在别的国家大家都一起聊天。(而在美国)当有人说话时，不管他说得可能多么无聊，每个人都应该倾听。如果你不能确定谈论什么，你可以问一下别人是做什么的。工作体现着我们的特质，而且我们通常乐意去谈论它们，除非你是一个间谍！有些人说美国人谈论感情要比亚洲人多，但他们对现实的事情却更隐藏。你除了可以很放心地问最新的电影，还可以问有关家庭、籍贯、业余爱好等的问题。我们对人们的民族背景也感兴趣。但最好避免政治、宗教和其他敏感话题。A highly personal conversation can take place after a very short period of knowing someone, but this doesnt mean that youre close friends, or the relationship is very deep. But a lot of people are very friendly and hospitable， and the famous invitation “If youre ever in Minneapolis/San Diego/Poughkeepsie, do call by and see us！” is never made without a genuine desire to meet again.But while few Americans will worry about the questions you may ask, particularly if you clearly show youreaware of cultural differences, they may hesitate before they ask you similar questions.In fact, its a sign that they dont wish to violate your private life. So, many Americans will talk about safe topics because they dont dare to be too curious or personal, but will happily talk about more private matters if you take the lead.hospitable/hspItbl/adj.好客的，殷勤的do置于动词原形前，用来强调谓语。call by 顺道来访genuine/denjuIn/adj.纯粹的，真正的desire n渴望，欲望， desire to do sth.渴望做某事particularly adv.特别地，尤其( in particular)(be) aware of 知道be aware that . 知道hesitate v迟疑，犹豫不决， hesitate to do sth. 犹豫做某事while “尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句；if引导条件状语从句；before 引导时间状语从句；you may ask 为省略关系代词的定语从句；youre aware of . 为省掉that的宾语从句。violate/vaIleIt/v骚扰，妨碍，侵犯private adj.私人的，个人的that they . 是同位语从句，解释a sign的内容。curious adj.好奇的， be curious about 对好奇take the lead 带头，领先第45段译文两个人认识很短一段时间之后，就可能会有亲密的交谈，但这并不意味着你们就是亲密的朋友或关系非常好了。但许多人非常友好、好客，而且如果无意再相见，他们是不会作出“如果你有机会到明尼阿波利斯/圣地亚哥/波基普西，务必顺道来看看我们！”这种人们所惯见的邀请的。,但是尽管极少数的美国人会担心你可能提出的问题，尤其是你明显地表现出你了解文化差异时，在问你相似的问题之前，他们会犹豫。事实上，这表明他们不希望侵犯你的私人生活。因此，许多美国人都谈论一些安全的话题，因为他们不敢(表现得)太好奇或太冒昧，但如果你首先引入(私人话题)，他们会高兴地谈论更多关于私人的事情。Generally we dislike arguments， and we avoid topics which lead to disagreement. Its easy to return to discussing the weather： “Do you like the USA? How do you like the weather？” or making compliments： “What lovely flowers and what a beautiful vase！”“Thats a fabulous dress youre wearing.” You should accept compliments graciously and say “Thank you！”There are a couple of dangerous topics of conversation: age and money. Age is not treated assomething very special， unless someone is very old: “Isnt she wonderful for her age！” and there are no special rules or signs of extra respect for elderly people. Anyway， Americans always want to look younger than they really are, so dont expect an accurate reply！generally adv.大体上，一般地( in general)argument n争论lead to 导致(to为介词)It is/was adj. to do sth. 做某事是的。it是形式主语，后面的动词不定式短语是真正的主语。compliment n称赞，夸奖graciously/greIsli/adv.优雅地be treated as 被当作同义短语：be regarded/thought of/considered as修饰something, nothing等不定代词的形容词要放在其后面。anyway anyhow 不管怎样accurate adj.确切的，准确的第67段译文一般来说，我们不喜欢争论，并避开那些导致分歧的话题。回到天气的讨论中很容易：“你喜欢美国吗？你觉得这儿的天气怎么样？”或者说些称赞的话：“多么可爱的花，多么漂亮的花瓶啊！”“你穿的那条连衣裙真漂亮。”你应该欣然接受赞美并说“谢谢！”,有两个敏感的话题：年龄和钱。年龄并没有被当作很特殊的话题，除非某人年事已高：“以她的年龄，难道她活得不精彩吗！”而且没有格外尊敬老人的特别规定或迹象。不管怎样，美国人总是想让自己看起来比他们的真实年龄年轻些，因此别指望他们给出确切的回答！Income is a very private matter, and youd do well to avoid asking how much people earn, although some people may not only be open about it, but show off their wealth. We dont ask how much things cost, either.But what we dont like is silence, and almost anything is better than the embarrassment of a quiet party and silent guests.do well to do . 最好做avoid doing . 避免做show off 炫耀although some people . 是让步状语从句，其中含有not only . but (also) . 结构。what we dont like是主语从句。embarrassment n尴尬第89段译文收入是很私人的事情，你最好避免问别人挣多少钱，尽管有些人对此不仅不加隐瞒，反而还炫耀他们的财富。我们也不问东西值多少钱。,但是我们不喜欢沉默不语，几乎任何事情都比宴会冷清、宾客沉默所带来的尴尬要好。Read the passage and choose the best answers.1Whats the reason for Esther to have the motto “Every time I open my mouth, I put my foot in it”？AShe was the most outspoken human being in the world.BShe was not a very good saleswoman.CShe had a complete absence of small talk.DShe had never learnt the basic rules of small talk.2From the conversation between Esther and one of her customers in Paragraphs 3 to 5, we can know that _.AEsther was quite familiar with the customerBEsther was laughing at the customer for her old lookingCit was not impolite to ask ones ageDthe customer was pleased to talk with Esther3What was the possible result after Esther comforted her acquaintance who was going through a divorce?AHe was out of depression.BHe was cheered up by Esther.CHe became angry as well as depressed.DHe thanked Esther a lot for her help.4The sentence in the 15th paragraph“Youre writing a book and Im reading one！” actually means “_”AI am reading the book you are writing nowBIm reading a book similar to yoursCwhile you are writing books, Im reading booksDIm very interested in the book you are writing now5From the whole passage, we can see that _ are NOT suitable small talk topics.Asome personal matters like ones age, weight, marriage and so onBthings about ones hairstyle and appearanceCpersonal affairs like ones income, career and dating, etc.DAll of the above答案：15DBCBD一、这样记单词记得准写得对记得快记得多.基础词汇1.obligationn责任，义务2.prizen. 奖品，奖金3.formn. 表格4.tidyv. 使整洁，整理5.outspokenadj. 直言不讳的，坦率的，不客气的6.replyn. 回答，答复，回信7.shortcomingn. 缺点8.customern. 顾客，客户9.awkwardadj. 尴尬的10.acquaintancen. 熟人11.anyhowadv. 不管怎么说，无论如何12.modestadj. 谦虚的13.anniversaryn. 周年纪念日14.purposen. 目的15.circumstancen. 情形，情况.拓展词汇1.applicationn申请apply v申请applicant n申请人2.impoliteadj.不礼貌的polite adj.有礼貌的3._favourn恩惠，照顾favourable adj.有利的，赞许的favourite adj.特别喜欢的4.absencen缺乏，不存在absent adj.缺席的5.cautiousadj.谨慎的，慎重的，小心的caution n谨慎，小心6.modestadj.谦虚的modesty n谦虚7.interruptv打断interruption n打断8.definev解释，给下定义definition n定义，解释9.graciouslyadv.优雅地gracious adj.优雅的10.successfuladj.成功的successfully adv.成功地success n成功succeed v成功11.apologyn道歉，致歉apologisev道歉12.imaginev现象imagination n想象，想象力imaginative adj.富有想象力的imaginary adj.想象中的，虚构的1.prize n奖品，奖金比较award：指获得的正式荣誉(如文学奖)prize：指比赛后获得的奖章(一等奖、二等奖、三等奖)reward：指你帮了别人后获得的报酬(如你救了别人后别人给你报酬)词块get the first prize 获得一等奖2.form n. 表格词块fill in/out a form 填写表格3.tidy v. 使整洁，整理词块tidy up 整理，收拾4.reply (replied, replied) n. 回答，回复，回信词块reply to 答复，回复5.shortcoming n. 缺点同义weakness n. 弱点，缺点反义strength n. 优点，长处6.customer n. 顾客，客户联想custom n. 风俗，习惯7.awkward adj. 尴尬的同义embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的8.acquaintance n. 熟人反义stranger n. 陌生人9.anyhow adv. 不管怎么说，无论如何同义anywayanyway和anyhow同义，但前者多用于美式英语，后者多用于英式英语。10.purpose n. 目的同义aim n. 目的，目标goal n. 目的，目标词块achieve the/ones aim/purpose/goal实现目标accomplish ones aim 达到目的11.circumstance n. 情形，情况词块under certain circumstances 在某种情况下under no circumstances 绝不12.imagine v. 想象串记Smith is a writer with great imagination. He has written several imaginative novels. We all imagine him as a talented writer.二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.put ones foot in ones mouth说错话，犯使人难堪的错误2.as a consequence 因此，结果3.cheer sb. up 使某人高兴/振作起来4.be cautious about 对小心/谨慎5.come up 走近6.leave out 省去，删去；漏掉；忽视7.(be) aware of 知道，意识到8.take the lead 带头，领先9.show off 炫耀；卖弄；展示；衬托出；使夺目10.have . in common 有共同之处1.have a favour to ask有一事相求2.be worried about 担心，担忧3.with a new haircut 留着新发型4.on the anniversary of their graduation 在他们毕业的周年纪念日5.cultural differences 文化差异6.private matters 私事7.lead to disagreement 造成分歧8.establish a relationship 建立一种关系9.an embarrassing silence 一种令人尴尬的沉默三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.Every timeI open my mouth, I put my foot in it. 每当我张口，就会讲错话。every time用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“每次时”。Every time we met, we would talk for a while. 我们每次见面都要聊一会儿。2.It was no coincidenceeitherthat she wasnt a very good saleswoman. 她成不了一名优秀的推销员也就不是巧合了。it为形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的从句。It_is_necessary_that we are ready by seven. 我们7点以前准备好是必须的。3.When someone talks, everyone is expected to listen, no matter how dull the persons speaking may be. 当有人说话时，不管他说得可能多么无聊，每个人都应该倾听。no matter 疑问词“无论”，引导让步状语从句，此时可与疑问词ever相互转换。No_matter_how_hard_he_tried,_ he couldnt get her to change her mind. 无论他多么努力尝试，都不能使她改变主意。4.Imagine a situation where two strangers are talking to each other after someone they both know has left the room, or the caf or party, etc. 设想这样一种情况，双方都认识的人离开了房间、咖啡馆或聚会后，两个陌生人开始交谈。situation为先行词，并且关系词在定语从句中作状语，故用where引导定语从句。Can you think out a situation where this word can be used？你能想出这个单词能被使用的场合吗？1(教材P7)I have a favour to ask. 我有件事请你帮忙。favour(1)n.恩惠，照顾，支持do sb.a favour do a favour for sb.帮某人一把，给某人以恩惠do sb.the favour to do sth./of doing sth.帮某人做某事 ask/beg sb. a favour ask/beg a favour of sb.请求某人帮个忙in favour of 赞成，支持Do me a favour and turn the radio down while Im on the phone. Do me the favour to turn/of turning the radio down while Im on the phone.劳驾，我在打电话，把收音机的声音调小点好吗？I was not in_favour_of what is being done here.我并不赞成眼下正在做的这件事情。(2)vt.赞成；帮助；有利于；偏爱Fortune favours those who use their judgment.谚智才天助。She always favours (favour) her youngest child (more than the others)她总是偏爱她最小的孩子。2(教材P8)Esther Greenbaums major shortcoming was that she had a complete absence of small talk.埃斯特戈林鲍姆的主要缺点是她根本不会闲谈。absence n. 缺乏；不存在；缺席，不在(1)in ones absence某人不在时absence of mind 心不在焉in the absence of (物)缺乏，缺少；(人)不在时(2)absent adj. 缺席的absentminded adj. 心不在焉的be absent from . 缺席Plants cannot grow well in the absence of water.没有水，植物就不能茁壮地生长。His absence of mind during the driving nearly caused an accident.他开车时心不在焉，几乎闯祸。She is never absent from work without good cause.她决不无故缺勤。3(教材P8). and as a consequence, she made systematic mistakes every time she opened her mouth.因此每次张嘴说话她都会犯经常性的错误。as a consequence因此，结果(1)as a consequenceas a resultin consequence因此，结果as a consequence ofas a result ofin consequence of 由于的缘故(2)consequence n. 结果，后果，影响(通常用复数形式)；重要性(importance)take/suffer/bear the consequences of 承担的后果(3)consequently adv. 因此，所以，结果He was always diligent in his study and as a consequence received high marks.他一向用功学习，因而得的分数很高。I am forced to dismiss you in consequence of/as a consequence of/as a result of your laziness and rudeness.由于你的懒惰和粗鲁，我不得不解雇你。We must take the consequences of our own deed.我们必须承担自己行为的后果。4(教材P8) “Oh, sorry，” said Esther without any apol