高中英语 Unit1 Grammar（2）教案 译林牛津版必修4.doc

英语必修4译林牛津unit 1教案（5）grammar（2）period 7 grammar and usage teaching goals1. enable the ss to use reported speech to report statements, questions and imperative sentences. 2. help the ss to learn how to use reported speech to report statements, questions and imperative sentences. teaching important and difficult pointreporting statements, yesno questions, wh-questions and imperative sentences by using that, whetherif, wh- words and so on. teaching methodsexplaining and practicing. teaching aids a multimedia. 课前训练the television news feature about ben heckmann, an eighth grader from farmington, minn, was breathless in its praise. “at 14, he has accomplished something many adults cant achieve,” the reporter said, “ben is a twice-published author.” but bens two “velvet black” books, describing a fictional rock band, were not picked from a pile of manuscripts（手稿）by an eagle eyed publisher. they were self-published, at the cost of $400 by bens parents.over the past five years, print-on-demand technology and a growing number of self publishing companies whose books can be sold online have inspired writers of all ages to avoid the traditional gatekeeping system for determining who could call himself a “published author.”the mothers and fathers who foot the bill say they are simply trying to encourage their children, in the same way that other parents buy equipment for a promising baseball player. but others see self-publishing as a lost opportunity to teach children about hardship and perseverance. mr. robbins, a critic, thinks it is wonderful to start writing at a young age, but worries self-publishing sends the wrong message. “there are no prodigies(神童) in literature,” he said. “literature requires experience, in a way that mathematics and music do not.” alan rinzler, a publishing industry veteran, suggested parents hire a professional editor like him to work with their child to tear a manuscript apart and help make a better. bens father, ken, said bens ambitions “werent to knock harry potter off the list,” but “to get that good feeling inside that youve done something.”ajla dizdarevic, 12, who has self-published two books of poetry, has been on television and in local newspapers. “being a published author,” she said, “was always a dream of mine.” her new dream: three books by age 15.36. which of the following is true of ben?a. he has achieved something unusual for his age.b. his self-published books were well received.c. his manuscripts were favored by the publisher.d. he was thought little of by the public media.【答案】a 【解析】细节理解题。根据细节理解题。根据at 14, he has accomplished something many adults cant achieve, 14岁时,他已经完成了一些许多成年人不能实现,的目标，故选a。37. what makes it possible for writers of all ages to self-publish their works?a. the rapid increase of online readership.b. the increasing number of publishers.c. the immediate access to marketing agencies.d. the development of printing and publishing.【答案】d【解析】细节理解题。根据print-on-demand technology and a growing number of self publishing companies whose books can be sold online have inspired writers of all ages to avoid the traditional gatekeeping system for determining who could call himself a “published author.印刷和出版业的发展，使他们出书有了可能，故选d。38. why do some parents pay the self-publishing bill?a. they want to offer opportunities to their children.b. they want to give encouragement to their children.c. they want to help their children avoid hardship.d. they want to show love and care for their children.【答案】b【解析】细节理解题。根据the mothers and fathers who foot the bill say they are simply trying to encourage their children,父母为了鼓励孩子，故选b。39. what dose alan rinzler suggest that children should do?a. be forbidden to write booksb. start writing at an early agec. be professionally guidedd. learn from experience【答案】c【解析】细节理解题。根据alan rinzler, a publishing industry veteran, suggested parents hire a professional editor like him to work with their child to tear a manuscript apart and help make a better.孩子们应受到专业指导，故选c。40. why do some children self-publish works according to the last part?a. just to achieve their dreams.b. just to earn more money.c. just to gain self-confidence.d. just to satisfy their parents.【答案】a【解析】细节理解题。根据bens ambitions “werent to knock harry potter off the list,” but “to get that good feeling inside that youve done something 孩子们为了实现自己的梦想。故选a。teaching procedures and ways step i revisiongreet the whole class as usual. t: do you still remember what we have learned in the previous lesson? what should you pay attention to when you change direct speech into reported speech? what are the main changes? please have a try. step 2 further explanation.t: weve learned how to change direct speech into reported speech. now were going to have a further study about it. look at the following sentences. can you change it into reported speech?show some statements on the screen. 1. she said, “advertisements are an important part of our lives.2. “there are two main types of advertisements, the writer said to us.suggested answers:1. she said that advertisements were an important part of our lives. 2. the writer told us that there were two main types of advertisements.demonstrate the answers on the bb. t: youve given a correct answer. do you think the two pairs of sentences are of the same kind? what kind of sentences are the direct speeches?s: i think the two sentences are both statements, and if we want to change them into reported speech, we must introduce them with “that” and the rewritten sentences are much like object clauses. t: yes, if the direct speech is a statement, in this situation we just use noun clauses, mainly object clauses introduced by that to reported statements. e. g. he said, “i am doing a biology experiment now.”he said that he was doing a biology experiment then. he said. “i will have to stay in the lab until tomorrow.”he said that he would have to stay in the lab until the next day. t: look at this sentence, please. he said to me, “i am doing a biology experiment now.” can you change it into reported speech? whod like to have a try?s: he told me that he was doing a biology experiment then. t: very good. so when we want to mention the listeners, we can use tell to introduce the object clause; but if we do not wish to specify the listeners we just use say. demonstrate the tip on the screen. tip: we use “tell” when we want to mention the listener(s)；we use say” if we do not wish to specify the listener(s). t: look at the following sentences. can you change them into reported speech?show the ss some sentences on the screen. 1. linda said, “ill do it after class.” 2. mary said to me, “i saw the movie last night with lily.” 3. john said, “i had written the letter by 6 oclock.” 4. tom said to me, “i go to work in my car every day.”get the ss to finish them alone and then get them to read out their answers. t: there are more reporting verbs other than “say” and “tell”, they are: advise/ agree/ explain/ insist/ promise/ remind/ suggestwarn.e. g. “psas are often placed for free,” the writer said. the writer explained that psas were often placed for free.step3 further explanationshow the ss some sentences on the screen and at the same time give the ss some explanations. 直接引语变间接引语一直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导。但that在口语中通常省略.she said, “ advertisements are an important part of our lives.”she said that advertisements are an important part of our lives.“there are two main types of advertisements,”the writer said to us.the writer told us that there are two main types of advertisements.直接引语变间接引语时，主句除可用动词say和tell以外，还可以用advise, agree, explain, insist, promise, remind,suggest, warn.“psas are often placed for free,”the writer said. the writer explained that psas are often placed for free.需要注意的是，当我们通常想提及听者时，我们通常使用tell; 当我们不希望具体说明听者时，我们则通常使用say.二直接引语如果是疑问句, 变为间接引语时, 要把疑问句语序改为陈述句语序(主语在谓语之前)。句末用句号, 原句的人称, 时态和状语都要相应的发生变化。1. 一般疑问句变为间接引语时, 要变成陈述语气, 并要加连词if或whether。主句中的谓语动词是said时, 要改为asked。没有间接宾语的, 可以加一个间接宾语(me, him或us等)。如: matt asked ann, “are you the happiest person in the world?” matt asked ann whetherif she was the happiest person in the world. “are ads playing tricks on us?” i asked her. i asked her whetherif all ads were playing tricks on us. he said, “are you interested in english?”he asked (me) if 1 was interested in english. 2. 特殊疑问句变为间接引语时, 仍用原来的特殊疑问词引导。如: “where do you go in the summer vacation?” jack inquired. jack inquired where i went in the summer vacation. “how much have we spent on petrol this year?” susan asked her husband.susan asked her husband how much they had spent on petrol that year. i asked her, “how can that be true?”i asked her how that could be true. “where did you find the advertisements for jobs abroad?” bill asked. bill asked where i had found the advertisements for jobs abroad. “when did you get the tickets for the concert?” i asked wang hua.i asked wang hua when he had got the tickets for the concert. 3. 祈使句变为间接引语 转述祈使句时, 要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式, 并在不定式的前面根据句子的意思加上tell, ask. order等动词, 其句型是: tellaskorder someone (not) to do something。如果祈使句为否定式, 在不定式的前面加上not。或简洁的记为“一改”“二变”“三加”“四去”法。“一改”即: said(to)改为asked (或told, ordered等)；“二变”即said to的宾语或呼语变为asked等的宾语: “三加”即在动词原形前加to, 使之成为动词不定式；“四去”即去掉please。如: he said to her: “dont take the book away. he asked her not to take the book away. “take me up to the 15th floor, please. she said to the woman. she asked the woman to take her up to the 15th floor. the writer said, “think about why you should do the things the ad suggests.”the writer told us to think about why we should do the things the ad suggested. tip: there are other verbs that can be used in this structure to report imperative sentences: adviseencourageinviteremindwarn“dont believe every advertisement you read,” michelle said to me.michelle advised me not to believe every advertisement i read.“dont forget to take your medicine, dad,” my daughter said.my daughter reminded me not to forget to take my medicine.step4 practicet: well, there, s enough explanation. now lets see whether you really understand it. now lets come to exercises a and b on page 11. finish them by yourselves. give the ss several minutes to finish them.after they finish them, get some of them to report their answers to the whole class. correct the mistakes if any. then get the ss finish the exercises in the workbook, page 86, finish c1 and c2 within seven minutes alone. several minutes later, check the answers with the whole class. step5 language points1. i recommend that we purchase 10 copies for the library. (page 9)recommend vt. 推荐，介绍；劝告；建议。 recommendation n. 推举，推荐；推荐信，求职介绍信 i recommend meeting him first. 我建议先见他。 recommend后跟从句时，也要用(should)do形式。i recommend that you resign我建议你辞职。2. use a large advertisement whenever possible. (page 11)whenever possible这是一个省略的状语从句, 原句应为whenever it is possible. 在when, while, if, where, once等引导的状语从句中, 如果从句主语与主句主语相同或从句主语是it且从句谓语动词含有系动词be, 可省略从句主语和系动词be。如：be careful whenwhile (you are) crossing the road. make some changes where (it is) necessary. everyone will come to your help if (it is) possible. 经典回放：(1) when first _ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. a. introducing b. introduced c. introduce d. being introduced(2) _ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean doesnt seem big at all. a. compare b when comparing c. comparing d. when compared(3)unless _ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. a. invited b. inviting c. being invited d. having invited(4)the research is so designed that once _, nothing can be done to change it. a. begins b having begun c. beginning d. begun答案：b d a dstep6