高考英语一轮复习 专题突破解题策略4 阅读理解 主旨大意题轻松破课件 外研版.ppt

必修四 第一部分 专题突破解题策略 四 阅读理解主旨大意题轻松破 主旨大意题在阅读理解试题中所占比例及难度都相当大 主旨大意是作者在文章中要表达的主要内容 是全文的核心 是作者在文章中努力通过各种信息来阐明的中心话题 把握主旨大意对正确理解全文具有重要意义 主旨大意题旨在考查考生对文章大意的理解和概括能力 考题中往往出现下列词语 subject topic theme title mainidea等 1 采用浏览法抓住主题句 主题句通常在文章开头或结尾 而段落主题句有可能在一段的开头或结尾 主题句常出现在 总结性 语言的 信号词或短语 后 如 insummary inaword asaresult finally inshort inconclusion和inbrief等 主题句常出现在 转移话题式 语言的 信号词 后 如 but however nevertheless hence等 标题的语言特点 独特新颖 概括性强 短小精悍 2016 全国 高考d themeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups silencesmaybethoughtful ortheymaybeemptywhenapersonhasnothingtosay asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness uneasiness orworry silencemaybeviewedbysomeculturalgroupsasextremelyuncomfortable thereforeattemptsmaybemadetofilleverygap 间隙 withconversation personsinotherculturalgroupsvaluesilenceandviewitasnecessaryforunderstandingaperson sneeds manynativeamericansvaluesilenceandfeelitisabasicpartofcommunicatingamongpeople justassometraditionalchineseandthaipersonsdo therefore whenapersonfromoneoftheseculturesisspeakingandsuddenlystops whatmaybeimplied 暗示 isthatthepersonwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing inthesecultures silenceisacallforreflection otherculturesmayusesilenceinotherways particularlywhendealingwithconflictsamongpeopleorinrelationshipsofpeoplewithdifferentamountsofpower forexample russian french andspanishpersonsmayusesilencetoshowagreementbetweenpartiesaboutthetopicunderdiscussion however mexicansmayusesilencewheninstructionsaregivenbyapersoninauthorityratherthanberudetothatpersonbyarguingwithhimorher instillanotheruse personsinasianculturesmayviewsilenceasasignofrespect particularlytoanelderorapersoninauthority nursesandothercare giversneedtobeawareofthepossiblemeaningsofsilencewhentheycomeacrossthepersonalanxietytheirpatientsmaybeexperiencing nursesshouldrecognizetheirownpersonalandculturalconstructionofsilencesothatapatient ssilenceisnotinterruptedtooearlyorallowedtogoonunnecessarily anursewhounderstandsthehealing 治愈 valueofsilencecanusethisunderstandingtoassistinthecareofpatientsfromtheirownandfromothercultures 35 whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext a soundandsilenceb whatitmeanstobesilentc silencetonativeamericansd speechissilver silenceisgold解析 b通读全文可知 文章介绍了沉默在不同文化里所代表的含义 故选b 文章未谈及sound 所以a项不对 文章虽谈到了silencetonativeamericans 但这不是文章的中心内容 故排除c项 文章未涉及speechissilver的内容 所以d项也不对 2016 天津高考d failureisprobablythemostexhaustingexperienceapersoneverhas thereisnothingmoretiringthannotsucceeding anhourlater iwokeupsuddenlywiththesolutionclearlyinmind intheweeksthatfollowed thesolutionwhichhadcomeupinmyunconsciousmindprovedcorrectateverystep thoughiworkedashardasbefore ifeltnofatigue successwasnowasexcitingasfailurehadbeendepressing humanbeings ibelieve musttrytosucceed success then meansneverfeelingtired 55 whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage a successisbuiltuponfailureb howtohandleperformancefatiguec gettingoverfatigue awaytosuccessd fatigue anearlysignofhealthproblems解析 c文章首尾呼应 主题鲜明 主要介绍了摆脱启动疲惫和执行疲惫从而获得成功的方法 2 抓住段落大意 概括中心思想 寻找整篇文章的中心思想是建立在寻找段落中心的基础上的 各段落中心的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想 不能以偏概全 也不能在概括时过于宽泛 要恰如其分 2015 江苏高考c supposeyoubecomealeaderinanorganization it sverylikelythatyou llwanttohavevolunteerstohelpwiththeorganization sactivities todoso itshouldhelptounderstandwhypeopleundertakevolunteerworkandwhatkeepstheirinterestinthework let sbeginwiththequestionofwhypeoplevolunteer researchershaveidentifiedseveralfactorsthatmotivatepeopletogetinvolved forexample peoplevolunteertoexpresspersonalvaluesrelatedtounselfishness toexpandtheirrangeofexperiences andtostrengthensocialrelationships ifvolunteerpositionsdonotmeettheseneeds peoplemaynotwishtoparticipate toselectvolunteers youmayneedtounderstandthemotivationsofthepeopleyouwishtoattract peoplealsovolunteerbecausetheyarerequiredtodoso toincreaselevelsofcommunityservice someschoolshavelaunchedcompulsoryvolunteerprograms unfortunately theseprogramscanshiftpeople swishofparticipationfromaninternalfactor e g ivolunteerbecauseit simportanttome toanexternalfactor e g ivolunteerbecausei mrequiredtodoso whenthathappens peoplebecomelesslikelytovolunteerinthefuture peoplemustbesensitivetothispossibilitywhentheymakevolunteeractivitiesamust oncepeoplebegintovolunteer whatleadsthemtoremainintheirpositionsovertime 64 whatisthebesttitleofthepassage a howtogetpeopletovolunteerb howtostudyvolunteerbehaviorsc howtokeepvolunteers interestd howtoorganizevolunteeractivities解析 a本文是一篇议论文 文章分析讲述志愿者为什么自发地去服务社会 文章首段提出假设 假如你是一名组织领导人 很想得到志愿者的帮助 并指出在此之前 必须弄清志愿者为什么自发地去服务社会 并通过3个实验研究志愿者的意图 因此a项 如何使人们从事志愿者服务 是文章的最佳标题 3 抓住主线和关键 归纳文章大意 没有主题句的文章 可以分析每段的段落大意以及表现活跃的高频词汇来确定主题 最后进行归纳总结 2016 北京高考b survivinghurricanesandy 飓风桑迪 inthecomingmonths herwebsitepagehelpedlotsofkids christopher whoreceivedanewbasketball charlie whogotanewkeyboard nataliealsoworkedwithotherorganizationstobringmuch needsuppliestorockaway hereffortsmadeherafamousperson lastapril shewasinvitedtothewhitehouseandhonoredasahurricanesandychampionofchange today thescars 创痕 ofdestructionarestillseeninrockaway buthopeisintheair thestreetsareclear andmanyhomeshavebeenrebuilt ican timaginelivinganywherebutrockaway nataliedeclares myneighborhoodwillbeback evenstrongerthanbefore 62 whatdoesthestoryintendtotellus a littlepeoplecanmakeabigdifference b afriendinneedisafriendindeed c eastorwest homeisbest d technologyispower 解析 a本题给出的四句谚语的含义依次为 小人物也有大作为 患难之友才是真正的朋友 金窝银窝不如自己的狗窝 技术就是力量 本文介绍的是14岁的小女孩娜塔莉如何帮助家乡的重建工作 因此