形容词副词 Microsoft Word 文档 (3).doc

第三讲 形容词、 第四讲 副词一、考点聚焦1、形容词、副词的作用与位置形容词是用来修饰名词的，常被放在名词前作定语，或放在系动词后面作表语。而副词则用来修饰形容词、动词，其他副词或者句子，一般位于形容词之前，动词之后或句子之首。以下属几种特殊情况，须牢记；（1）形容词短语作定语，定语后置。a language difficult to master, a leaning tower about 180 feet high（2）表语形容词（_等）作定语，定语后置。如a man alive。有些表身体健康状况的形容词如_只作表语。sick既可作表语又可作定语，ill如作定语意为“bad”。（3）用作定语，修饰由不定代词one、no、any、some和every构成的复合词如anything、something等时，通常后置。如：I have something important to tell you.（4）else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。（5）enough、nearby修饰名词前置或后置，程度副词一般位于形容词、副词前面，enough修饰形容词、副词时，必须后置。（6）几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式地点时间。如：We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday.（7）频度副词如often、always、usually等在be动词后，行为动词前。（8）副词作定语，定语后置。如：The person there is waiting for you.（9）几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为：_+ _ + _+ _+ _+ _+ _+ _+ _+ 名词。如：a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella,the mans first tow interesting little red French oil paintings（10）以-ly结尾的词性辨析。下列单词以-ly结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：_等。表原意（无-ly）和引申意(有-ly)的副词： deep深 wide宽广 high高 low位置低deeply深入地 widely广泛地 highly高度地 lowly地位卑微有无-ly意义大不相同的副词：dead完全，绝对be dead asleep deadly非常be deadly tired pretty相当be pretty certain that prettily漂亮地be prettily dressedclose近Dont sit close. closely密切地Watch closely! late晚、迟arrive late, come late lately最近I havent seen him lately(recently). 2、复合形容词的构成（1）形容词 + 名词 + ed kind-hearted好心的，white-haired白发的(2)形容词 + 现在分词good-looking好看的，easy-going随和的（3）副词 + 现在分词 hard-working勤劳的，fast-moving快速转动的（4）副词 + 过去分词hard-won得来不易的，newly-made新建的（5）名词 + 形容词 life-long终生的，world-famous世界闻名的（6）名词 + 现在分词 peace-loving爱好和平的，fun-loving爱开玩笑的（7）名词 + 过去分词 snow-covered白雪覆盖的，hand-made手工的（8）数词 + 名词 + ed four-storeyed 4层楼的，three-legged 3条腿的3、形容词和副词的比较等级（1）原级的构成和用法。构成：形容词、副词的原级即本身。用法：表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构；表示双方不相等时，用“not so(as) + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构；表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数 + as + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构。如：Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu.Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you .This room is three times as large as that one.（2）比较级的用法。对方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级 + than”的结构表示。如：This picture is more beautiful than that one.表示一方不及另一方时，用“less + 原级 + than”的结构表示。如： This room is less beautiful than that one.表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、by fay等修饰。如：He works even harder than before.另注意：by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“the”。如：He is taller by far than his brother.He is by far the taller of the two brothers.表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the + 比较级（主语 + 谓语），the + 比较级（主语 + 谓语）”的结构（意为“越越”）。如：The harder he works, the happier he feels.不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级 + and + 比较级”的结构。如：The weather is getting colder and colder.The girl becomes more and more beautiful.某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时，用to代替than。这些词有inferior（劣等的，次的）、superior（较好的，优于）、junior（资历较浅的）、senior（资格较老的）、prior（在之前）等。He is superior _ Mr.Zhang in chemistry.倍数表达法。（A）A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大（高）。The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍（高三倍）。（B）A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B. Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。（C）A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B. Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double.(4)最高级的用法。三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the + 最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。如：Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.He works(the)hardest in his class.表示“最高程度”的形容词，如_等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。 (5)几组重要的词语辨析。very 和much的区别。（A）可分等级的形容词和副词前使用very不用much。(B)表示状态的过去分词前用very。a very frightened boy, a very tired child, a very complicated problem, 一般的情况下，以-ing、-ed结尾的分词多用much、very much / greatly等修饰。如：We were greatly shocked by the news about Tom. I was much amused by Jacks attitude。(C)已转化为形容词的现在分词前用very。如：very interesting / worrying / exciting。（D）too前用much或far,不用very。You are much / far / a lot too nice.另外，在too many / much, too few / little前用far。 Theres far too little opportunity for adventure these days. Weve got far too many eggs and far too few egg cups.（E）关于原级形容词要记住下列固定的修饰结构：（a）修饰绝对意义的形容词，一般不用very,而用quite completely、well、entirely。如：quite wrong(mistaken, sure)、completely dead、quite impossible、quite perfect等。（b）修饰以a-开头的形容词，多有特殊的修饰词：quite alone, very much alone, wide awake, fast asleep, very much afraid。(c)修饰一些特殊形容词的修饰语有：be well worth, much the same, freezing cold, quite different, terribly cold / frightening。so that 与such that 的区别。so + _ + that so + _ + a（n）+ 单数可数名词 + that so + many / much / little / few + 名词 + that such + a(n)+ _+单数可数名词 + that such + _ + 不可数名词 + that such + 形容词 + 复数名词 + that 注意：下列结构中只能用so不可用such,当名词前有_等表示“多、少”的词修饰时，如 so much progress、so many people、so little food、so few apples等。但当little表示“小”时用such。如：These are such little boys that they cant dress themselves.下列so的用法是错误的：so a diffcult problem,so difficult problems, so hot weather。 二、精典名题导解选择填空1. It is generally believed that teaching is _it is a science.（NMET 2001）A.an art much as B.much an art asC.as an art much as D.as much an art as D2. It is always difficult being in a foreign country, _if you dont speak the language.(NMET 2000)A.extremely B.naturally C.basically D.especially3. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is _known for his plays.(NMET 1998)A.the best B.more C.better D.the most英语中容易混淆的形容词和副词形容词用来修饰名词；副词用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子。可是，有时形容词和副词容易混淆。例如“A fast train reached the destination fast”中的第一个“fast”是形容词，第二个就是副词。 下面分别举例说明： 可作形容词又可作副词，词义不同如： a. Joelle is a pretty child.（形容词） b. Tom will be back pretty soon.（副词） a. The old man has been ill for some time.（形容词） b. Dont speak ill of others.（副词） 既是形容词，也是副词，句子中的语法功能不同，但意义一样，如： a. What a deep ocean it is !（深的） b. The boy dug deep into the ground.（深） a. Look at the high mountain!（高的） b. Birds fly high in the sky.（高） 形容词可以充当副词，又可以加上后缀，构成派生副词。在某些场合，两者相近，可以通用（如例和）；在另一些场合里，两者意思有异，不可混为一谈（如例和）： a. Hold it tight， please! b. Hold it tightly， please! a. Please read slower. b. Please read more slowly. a. John came late yesterday.（迟） b. John has been working hard lately.（最近） a. Jason works hard.（努力地） b. Susan hardly works.（几乎不） 有些形容词或副词，同时有多个意思，如： a. Hard labour（苦工） b. Hard times（艰难时代） a. The baby is fast asleep.（睡得熟） b. Run fast， please!（ 请快跑） c. Hold the rope fast!（紧握绳索） 同词根的派生形容词和形容词及分词间，意思虽甚接近，但容易引起混乱，如： 11a. The child is sleepy.（昏昏欲睡） b. The child is still asleep.（还在睡眠中） c. Why are you looking at the sleeping child?（睡着的） 12a. Diana feels lonely/ lonesome in the big house.（感到寂寞） b. Mary was alone in the office last night.（独自） 13a. Irene was awake the whole night last night.（整夜未眠） b. Tom had a wakeful night last night.（整夜未眠） c. What did you do during your waking hours last night?（醒着的时刻） (a)和(b)意思相近，但(a)的 awake 只能作补足语；(b)的 wakeful 则没有这个局限。(c)里的 waking 现在分词和(a)及(b)的两个形容词也似同非同，不易随意取代。高考英语比较级典型陷阱题分析典型陷阱题分析1. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard _ voice.A. a better B. a best C. the better D. the best 比较以下试题：(1)“Ive never found a better job.” “_.”A. I dont think so B. Too bad C. Congratulations D. Dont worry (2)“What do you think of the service here?” “Oh, _. We couldnt have found a better place.”A. too bad B. sorryC. wonderful D. impossible(3) Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has _IQ.A. a high B. a higherC. the higher D. the highest2. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is _ known for his plays. A. the best B. more C. better D. the most 3. You are _ careful than your bro