实验一 OPENGL中的二维编程.doc

实验一 OPENGL中的二维编程姓名 叶传军 学号 E11414103 得分 一.实验题目1练习基本的openGL编程方法。（1）配置openGL，能在VC下通过编译。（2）阅读并运行simple.c，熟悉最简单的openGL程序结构。（3）阅读并运行改进的simple2.c，掌握openGL程序的通用结构。给simple2.c中的函数加注释。可尝试做如下修改：（a）改变窗口的位置，尺寸，标题；（b）改变窗口背景色和矩形颜色；（c）改变矩形的尺寸和其在窗口中的位置，还可以只显示矩形的一部分（通过设置正投影参数和矩形四个顶点的坐标来完成）；2发挥想象，编程实现在窗口中绘制若干图形及设置它们的属性，并回答问题：（1）绘制若干个点，分别设置每个点的颜色和大小。思考题1：glPointSize()可以放在glBegin()和glEnd()函数对之间吗？（2）绘制若干条直线段。设置线段的颜色，线型和线宽。思考题1：以下命令会显示什么样的线段?glEnable(GL_LINE_STIPPLE)；glColor3f(0.0, 1.0, 0.0);glLineWidth(2.0);glLineStipple(3, 0xcccc);glDisable(GL_LINE_STIPPLE)；思考题2：以下命令会显示什么样的线段?glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH);glBegin(GL_LINES);glColor3f(1.0, 0.0, 0.0); glVertex2f(0.0, 0.5); glColor3f(0.0, 0.0, 1.0);glVertex2f(0.5, -0.5);glEnd();将glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH)改为glShadeModel(GL_FLAT)，其余命令不变，结果又会如何？（3）绘制若干个多边形。设置多边形的颜色，显示模式，隐藏某些边。思考题1：以下命令会显示什么样的多边形?glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH);glBegin(GL_POLYGON);glColor3f(1.0, 0.0, 0.0); glVertex2f(-0.5, -0.5);glColor3f(0.0, 1.0, 0.0); glVertex2f(-0.5, 0.5);glColor3f(0.0, 0.0, 1.0); glVertex2f(0.5, 0.5); glColor3f(1.0, 1.0, 0.0); glVertex2f(0.5, -0.5);glEnd();将glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH)改为glShadeModel(GL_FLAT)，其余命令不变，结果又会如何？将glBegin(GL_POLYGON)改为glBegin(GL_QUADS)，分别尝试在SMOOTH和FLAT模式下的结果。思考题2：以下程序段分别会显示什么样的多边形?（a）glPolygonMode( GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_FILL);glColor3f(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);glBegin(GL_POLYGON); glVertex2f(-0.5, -0.5); glVertex2f(-0.5, 0.5); glVertex2f(0.5, 0.5); glVertex2f(0.5, -0.5);glEnd();（b）glPolygonMode( GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_LINE);glColor3f(1.0, 1.0, 0.0);glBegin(GL_POLYGON); glVertex2f(-0.5, -0.5); glVertex2f(-0.5, 0.5); glVertex2f(0.5, 0.5); glVertex2f(0.5, -0.5);glEnd();（c）glPolygonMode( GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_POINT);glColor3f(1.0, 1.0, 0.0);glBegin(GL_POLYGON); glVertex2f(-0.5, -0.5); glVertex2f(-0.5, 0.5); glVertex2f(0.5, 0.5); glVertex2f(0.5, -0.5);glEnd();思考题3：下面多边形的哪些边不可见?glPolygonMode( GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_LINE);glColor3f(1.0, 1.0, 0.0);glBegin(GL_POLYGON); glVertex2f(-0.5, -0.5);glEdgeFlag(GL_FALSE); glVertex2f(-0.5, 0.5);glEdgeFlag(GL_TRUE); glVertex2f(0.5, 0.5); glVertex2f(0.5, -0.5);glEnd();4.公司某年度各月产量分别为：320,475,436,754,585,619,788,500,860,1000,800,930。试绘制一年内产量按月的折线图，柱状图和饼图（可用三角法画圆）。二.设计思想程序共有三个函数：主函数，初始化函数，窗口回调函数。主函数完成对窗口的建立。初始化函数设置窗口的参数。窗口回调函数执行具体的绘图操作。三.程序清单实验1#include void display(void) glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); / 清空缓冲区 glBegin(GL_POLYGON); / 绘制图形 glVertex2f(-1.5, -1.5); glVertex2f(-1.5, 1.5); glVertex2f(1.5, 1.5); glVertex2f(1.5, -1.5);glEnd();glFlush(); / 强制执行OpenGL命令void init()glClearColor (1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0); /设置窗口背景颜色 glColor3f(0.0, 0.0, 1.0); /设置当前的绘图颜色glMatrixMode (GL_PROJECTION); /设置矩阵类型是投影矩阵glLoadIdentity ();/单位矩阵glOrtho(-2.5, 1.0, -2.5, 2.5, -1.0, 2.5); /定义正交投影视景体(裁剪窗口)int main(int argc, char* argv) glutInit(&argc,argv); /初始化GLUTglutInitDisplayMode (GLUT_SINGLE | GLUT_RGB); /设置窗口的显示属性(单缓冲，RGB颜色)glutInitWindowSize(600,600); / 设置窗口的初始宽度和高度，单位为像素，缺省600x600glutInitWindowPosition(0.5,0.5); / 窗口左上角相对于屏幕左上角的位置，单位为像素，缺省(0.5,0.5)glutCreateWindow(E11414103叶传军); /创建窗口glutDisplayFunc(display); /注册显示回调函数：窗口需要重绘时调用displayinit(); /设置OpenGL状态glutMainLoop();/事件处理循环：main函数最后一条语句实验2（1）#include /引入OPENGL核心库文件void display(void)glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); /将窗口中每个像素的颜色设为背景颜色glPointSize(10);glBegin(GL_POINTS);/绘制点glVertex3f(0.0f,0.0f,0.0f);glVertex3d(0.3f,0.5f,0.8f);glEnd();glFlush(); void init() glClearColor (1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0); /指定窗口的背景色为白色 glColor3f(0.0, 0.0, 0.0); /设置当前的绘图颜色为黑色glMatrixMode (GL_PROJECTION);/指定设置投影参数glLoadIdentity ();glOrtho(-1.0, 1.0, -1.0, 1.0, -1.0, 1.0);/设置允许绘图的窗口int main(int argc, char* argv) glutInit(&argc,argv); /对GLUT库进行初始化glutInitDisplayMode (GLUT_SINGLE | GLUT_RGB);/设置窗口的显示模式 glutInitWindowSize(600,600);/指定窗口大小glutInitWindowPosition(0,0); /指定窗口位置glutCreateWindow(E11414103叶传军); /创建一个名为simple的窗口glutDisplayFunc(display);/设置当前窗口的显示回调函数init();/窗口初始化glutMainLoop();/启动主GLUT事件处理循环实验2（2）#include /引入OPENGL核心库文件void display(void)glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); /将窗口中每个像素的颜色设为背景颜色glLineWidth(5);glBegin(GL_LINES);/绘制线段glVertex2i(1.0,1.0);glVertex2i(5.0,4.0);glVertex2i(1.0,5.0);glVertex2i(5.0,1.0);glVertex2i(3.0,5.0);glEnd();glFlush(); void init() glClearColor (1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0); /指定窗口的背景色为白色 glColor3f(0.0, 0.0, 0.0); /设置当前的绘图颜色为黑色glMatrixMode (GL_PROJECTION);/指定设置投影参数glLoadIdentity ();glOrtho(-10.0, 10.0, -10.0, 10.0, -10.0, 10.0);/设置允许绘图的窗口int main(int argc, char* argv) glutInit(&argc,argv); /对GLUT库进行初始化glutInitDisplayMode (GLUT_SINGLE | GLUT_RGB);/设置窗口的显示模式 glutInitWindowSize(600,600);/指定窗口大小glutInitWindowPosition(0,0); /指定窗口位置glutCreateWindow(E11414103叶传军); /创建一个名为simple的窗口glutDisplayFunc(display);/设置当前窗口的显示回调函数init();/窗口初始化glutMainLoop();/启动主GLUT事件处理循环实验4（1）#include stdafx.h#include GLsizei winWidth=600,winHeight=500;GLint xRaster=25,yRaster=150;GLubyte label36=j,a,n, f,e,b, m,a,r, a,p,r, m,a,y, j,u,n, j,u,l, a,u,g, s,e,p, o,c,t, n,o,v, d,e,c;GLint dataValue12=320,475,436,754,585,619,788,500,860,1000,800,930;void init(void) glClearColor (0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0); glMatrixMode (GL_PROJECTION);gluOrtho2D(0.0,600.0,0.0,500.0);void lineGraph(void)GLint month,k;GLint x=30;glClear (GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);glColor3f(0.0,1.0,0.0);glBegin(GL_LINE_STRIP);for(k=0;k12;k+)glVertex2i(x+50*k,dataValuek/2-70);glEnd();glColor3f(1.0,0.0,0.0);for(k=0;k12;k+)glRasterPos2i(xRaster+k*50,dataValuek/2-74);glutBitmapCharacter(GLUT_BITMAP_9_BY_15,*);glColor3f(0.0,0.0,0.0);xRaster=20;for(month =0;month12;month+)glRasterPos2i(xRaster,yRaster-100);for(k=3*month;k3*month+3;k+)glutBitmapCharacter(GLUT_BITMAP_HELVETICA_12,labelk);xRaster+=50;glFlush();void winReshapeFcn(GLint newWidth,GLint newHeight)glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);glLoadIdentity();gluOrtho2D(0.0,newWidth,0.0,newHeight);glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);void main(int argc, char* argv) glutInit(&argc,argv); glutInitDisplayMode (GLUT_SINGLE | GLUT_RGB); glutInitWindowSize(winWidth,winHeight);glutInitWindowPosition(100,100); glutCreateWindow(E11414103叶传军); init();glutDisplayFunc(lineGraph);glutReshapeFunc(winReshapeFcn);glutMainLoop();实验4（2）#include stdafx.h#include GLsizei winWidth=600,winHeight=500;GLint xRaster=25,yRaster=150;GLubyte label36=j,a,n, f,e,b, m,a,r, a,p,r, m,a,y, j,u,n, j,u,l, a,u,g, s,e,p, o,c,t, n,o,v, d,e,c;GLint dataValue12=320,475,436,754,585,619,788,500,860,1000,800,930;void init(void) glClearColor (1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0); glMatrixMode (GL_PROJECTION);gluOrtho2D(0.0,600.0,0.0,500.0);void barChart(void)GLint month,k;glClear (GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);glColor3f(0.0,1.0,0.0);for(k=0;k12;k+)glRecti(20+50*k,165,40+50*k,dataValuek/2);glColor3f(0.0,0.0,0.0);xRaster=20;for(month =0;month12;month+)glRasterPos2i(xRaster,yRaster-30);for(k=3*month;k3*month+3;k+)glutBitmapCharacter(GLUT_BITMAP_HELVETICA_12,labelk);xRaster+=50;glFlush();void winReshapeFcn(GLint newWidth,GLint newHeight)glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);glLoadIdentity();gluOrtho2D(0.0,newWidth,0.0,newHeight);glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);void main(int argc, char* argv) glutInit(&argc,argv); glutInitDisplayMode (GLUT_SINGLE | GLUT_RGB); glutInitWindowSize(winWidth,winHeight);glutInitWindowPosition(100,100); glutCreateWindow(E11414103叶传军); init();glutDisplayFunc(barChart);glutReshapeFunc(winReshapeFcn);glutMainLoop();实验4（3）#includestdafx.h#include #include GLsizei windowWidth=600,windowHeight=600;GLint dataValue12=320,475,436,754,585,619,788,500,860,1000,800,930;void Init()glClearColor(1,1,1,1);glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);gluOrtho2D(0,windowWidth,0,windowHeight);void CircleImage()glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);glColor3f(0,0,1);glPointSize(2);glBegin(GL_POINTS);for(float i=0.0f;i2*3.1415926f;i+=0.001)glVertex2f(windowWidth/3)*cos(i)+windowWidth/2,(windowHeight/3)*sin(i)+windowHeight/2);glEnd();GLint totalNum=0;for(int i=0;i12;i+)totalNum+=dataValuei;GLfloat angleData12;for(int i=0;i12;i+)angleDatai=2*3.1415926f*(GLfloat)dataValuei/totalNum;for(int j=1;j12;j+)angleDataj+=angleDataj-1; glColor3f(1,0,0);glLineWidth(2); glBegin(GL_LINES);for(int i=0;i12;i+)glVertex2f(windowWidth/2,windowHeight/2);glVertex2f(windowWidth/3)*cos(angleDatai)+windowWidth/2,(windowHeight/3)*sin(angleDatai)+windowHeight/2);glEnd();glFlush();int main(int argc, char *argv) glutInit(&argc, argv); /初始化GLUTglutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGB | GLUT_SINGLE); glut