潇潇语言实验室No19-26.doc

潇潇语言实验室No. 192003/8/30 和拇指Thumb有关的Idioms & Expressions 这一集我们来看看和拇指thumb有关的成语。 首先讲讲五个手指的名称。Thumb (拇指), index (食指), middle （中指）, ring（无名指）, pinky (little finger 小指，尾指) 1. have a green thumb： be good at gardening -擅长园艺，擅长种花种草。 这个短语托福听力曾经考过，如果知道它的意思，听起来一点都不难。 He has a green thumb. =Hes good at gardening. 2. stick out like a sore thumb：be very different from other people or things around them - 与众不同，和环境格格不入 Im not going to the party dressed like this, Id stick out like a sore thumb.我不会穿成这样去参加聚会的，我会看起来和大家格格不入的。 sore (adj.)痛的。 I have a sore throat. 我喉咙痛。 My shoulders are sore from typing too much. 打字打得我肩膀都痛了。 注意：soar（v.飞翔，快速上升）和sore同音，不要混淆。The rocket soared into orbit.- 火箭快速飞入轨道。The temperature soared to 100 degrees. 温度狂升到100度。 3. under someones thumb : under someones control - 在某人的掌握和操纵之中。Shes got him completely under her thumb, hell do whatever she asks. 他完全在她的操纵之中，她叫他干什么他就干什么。 4. all thumbs： clumsy and awkward笨拙的，笨手笨脚的。Speaking of playing the piano, I am all thumbs. 说起弹钢琴，我真是笨手笨脚的。 5. the thumbs down：if you give a plan or a suggestion the thumbs down, you do not approve of it or are not willing to accept it. -不同意或是不愿意接受一样东西My new hairstyle got the thumbs down from my family. 我家人都不喜欢我的新发型。 6. the thumbs up：if you give a plan or a suggestion the thumbs up, you approve of it or are willing to accept it. 赞成（一个计划或提议），愿意接受 一样东西The project had been given the thumbs up and we could now get started. 这个项目已经得到批准，我们现在可以开始工作的。 7. twiddle your thumbs: if you twiddle your thumbs, you do not have anything to do, you are wasting your time and are achieving nothing useful 无所事事，浪费时间Until I can get the thumbs up for my project, Im just sitting around twiddling my thumbs. 在我的项目得到批准前我只能坐着无所事事。 8. A rule of thumb: a rough method of calculation, based on practical experience 粗略计算，根据以往实践总结出来的经验A good rule of thumb is to cook two handfuls of rice per person. 根据经验，给每人煮两把米是够的。 9. thumb a ride: hitchhikers usually put their thumb out as cars pass by, indicating that they need a ride. （在美国）要搭顺风车的人通常翘起拇指表示他要搭顺风车，所以thumb a ride的意思就是搭顺风车。 He thumbed a ride to Los Angles. - 他搭顺风车去洛杉机。Ill thumb a ride to the movies and meet you there. 我会搭顺风车去电影院在那里和你会面。 10. thumb-sucker： little kids/babies suck their thumbs, so if you call someone a thumb-sucker youre calling them a child如果你觉得一个人很幼稚，你可以叫他thumb-sucker，因为小孩子经常吮吸拇指。当然，这样称呼别人是不礼貌的。 11. thumb ones nose: show scorn and mockery (by putting the end of the thumb on the end of the nose and by spreading out and moving the fingers.)（将拇指放在鼻尖，其余手指张开并摆动）表示轻蔑和嘲笑After Tom ran into the house he thumbed his nose at John through the window. Tom跑进屋子后，对John作轻蔑的手势。 12. thumb through : look through a book or magazine quickly 翻阅I was thumbing through a magazine when she walked in. 她走进来的时候我正在翻阅一本杂志。 13. thumbnail portrait/sketch/description: a short description giving only the main facts about something. 简略的叙述或描写 （nail是指甲）He made a thumbnail portrait of the local attractions. 他对当地的景点做了简短的描写。 14Thumbelina 是安徒生(Hans Christian Andersen)的一篇童话故事拇指姑娘 潇潇语言实验室 No. 202003/9/1 和fish有关的Idioms & Expressions 这一集我们来看看和fish有关的Idioms & Expressions。 Go fishing - 去钓鱼 fisherman 渔夫 bait 鱼饵 fishery 渔业 fishing pole钓鱼杆Fishy (adj.) seeming bad, dishonest or suspicious 看起来不诚实的，可疑的。There is something very fishy about his business deals.-他的交易有很多可疑之处。 更多的关于fish的Idioms & Expressions 1. a big fish : someone important or powerful - 重要人物 2. a cold fish: someone who seems unemotional, unfriendly or unsympathetic - 冷漠的人 3. a big fish in a small pond：someone who is important or who has influence over a small area 小池塘里的大鱼，指在小范围内重要或是有影响力的人 4. drink like a fish: regularly drink a lot of alcohol 喝很多酒She had two bottles of wine with her meal - she drinks like a fish. 5. a fish out of water: if you feel like a fish out of water, you feel awkward or ill at ease because you are in an unfamiliar situation or surroundings 如鱼脱水，指不适应周围的环境，感到不自在Tracy has always lived in a small village. She feels like a fish out of water in this city. Tracy一直住在小村子里，来到这个城市她感到不自在。 6. have other fish to fry/have bigger fish to fry: have something more important, interesting, or profitable things to do有更重要，更有趣或是更有利可图的事情做。I couldnt waste my time with him, I had bigger fish to fry. 我不能在他身上浪费时间，我有更重要的事情要做。 7. there are plenty of other fish in the sea/there are other fish in the sea: used to tell someone whose relationship has ended that there are other people they can have a relationship with: 天涯何处无芳草 （别人失恋是用来安慰别人的话，也可以指其他机会还很多，不一定是指谈恋爱）A: I broke up with my girlfriend. 我和我的女朋友分手了。B: Hey, cheer up, there are a lot of fish in the sea. 嘿，振作起来，天涯何处无芳草呢。 8. fish in troubled water: try to gain an advantage from other peoples problems 浑水摸鱼，趁火打劫During the decline of the stock market, some people fished in troubled waters and made big money. 在股票市场下跌期间，一些人浑水摸鱼，赚了大钱。 9. fishing for compliments: try to get someone to pay you a compliment 试图得到别人的恭维 （夸奖）When she showed me her new dress, I could tell she was fishing for a compliment. 当她给我看她的新裙子时，我看得出她是想要我夸奖她一番。 潇潇语言实验室 No. 212003/9/7 Leave and Left 关于leave的短语和搭配很多，这集主要是看看比较常用的搭配和短语。 1. leave a place:离开一个地方What time did you leave the office? 你什么时候离开办公室的？ 2. leave for a place: 动身去一个地方（加了一个介词for意思完全不一样了）Theyre leaving for Beijing in the morning. 他们早上要动身去北京。 3. Are you leaving? 你要走了么？ 这句话时用现在进行时来表示将要发生的动作。 4. leave someone alone: stop annoying or upsetting someone. 停止烦扰某人Leave me alone! 别烦我了！ Cant you just leave me alone? 你能不能别烦我，让我一个人静一静？ 5. leave it to me: Ill take responsibility for it. 这事交给我来办，让我来负责。Leave it to me. Ill make sure the letter gets posted. 让我来吧，我保证帮你把信寄出去。 6. leave a lot to be desired: to be very unsatisfactory: 让人很不满意的Your academic performance this term has left a lot to be desired. 你这个学期的学习成绩让人很不满意。 7. leave a bad taste in my mouth: if an experience leaves a bad taste in your mouth, remembering it upsets you or makes you feel uncomfortable. 指经历让人耿耿于怀，至今想起还是很不愉快的The things she said really left a bad taste in my mouth. 我想起她说的话很觉得生气。 8. be on leave: 在休假 He is on leave now. 9. sick/maternity leave: 病假、产假 10. be/feel left out: if someone feels left out, they feel sad because they are not included in a group or activity. 觉得被冷落All the others seemed to know each other and I began to feel left out. 其他人好像都认识彼此，我开始觉得被冷落。 11. be/get left behind: if a person, country or organization is left behind, they remain at a lower level than others because they are not as quick at understanding things or developing. 落后，不如人在美国有一个No Child Left Behind Act，意为“不让一个孩子落后法案”We are going to be left behind by the rest of the world. 我们将落后于世界其他国家。I got left behind at school with the math. 我的数学跟不上 12. left-over: food that remains uneaten after a meal: 剩菜剩饭Refrigerate any leftovers. 把剩菜剩饭都放冰箱里。 13. left-handed: 左撇子 Some people believe left-handed are smarter. 有些人认为左撇子比较聪明。 14. have two left feet: (usually refer to dancing) clumsy-通常指跳舞时比较笨拙，经常踩到别人的脚。 Sorry to step on your toes again, I am having two left feet. 对不起，又踩了你的脚。我的脚笨笨的。 15. turn left = make a left向左转Make a left /turn left at the second crossing. 在第二个十字路口向转左。在军队命令里向左转可不是“turn left”，应该是 left faceLeft face 向左转Right face - 向右转About face- 向后转 潇潇语言实验室 No. 22托福听力口语篇 （1） 很多中国学生都会觉得托福的听力很难，原因可能有很多：不习惯美式发音，平时少听native speakers讲话，少听录音带，词汇量和知识面跟不上，口语不好等原因。口语不好也会影响听力？！ 当然会！托福的听力很大一部分是对话，都是一些日常用语，如果口语不好当然听不懂。 所以，托福听力材料也是最好的口语学习材料。要想提高听力，光死听死没有用的，还要注意分析听力原文。学习口语表达方法，多阅读，多方面结合才能有正在的提高。潇潇语言实验室现推出“托福口语听力篇”，希望对大家有点帮助。每集都是根据历届的托福真题编写。有编号的句子都是托福听力原文，一些补充例句也是托福原文。每集的句子摘自同一套托福听力题。学习英语靠得是平时得认真积累，别放弃呀！潇潇 1. I picked up the receiver, dropped the coins in the slot, and dialed the number I wanted. 这个句子是关于打投币公共电话的。Slot 缝隙。这里是指投币口。 Receiver就是电话的听筒。 2. Virginias going to take all her required courses this year. Required courses -必修课 required 是require的过去分词。在这里作为形容词来用，意思是“被要求的”，也就是学校要求学生必修的课。选修课是elective. e.g. I have 9 required courses and 3 electives this semester. 我这个学期有9门必修课，3门选修课。I hope I can take a few electives next term. 3. Not only is Cheryl a good swimmer, but shes also a promising musician and a great photographer. Not only did I forget my train ticket, but I also forgot my passport. Not only was Ellen there, but Wanda and Dale came too. Not only.but also.不仅。而且。Not only +倒装语序， but also + 陈述语序 4. My pens out of ink. - 我的笔没有墨水了。Be out of something = 用完了一样东西 另外一个托福原句：The bookstore is out of lined notebook paper. Lined 是指纸张有线条的。类似的结构run out of something. I just ran out of supplies.(托福原句) 举一反三：We are running out of money/water/time. 我们的钱/水/时间就快用完了。 5. The students completely filled the classroom. Fill是“装满”的意思，这里是指学生挤满了课室。 6. Peter blames himself for what happened. Blame oneself for something - 因为某事责怪自己。Whos to blame?这要怪谁？Hes to blame. 这要怪他。Youre to blame. =Its all your fault. 这都是你的错。Dont blame yourself. You are not to blame. (Its not your fault.) 不要责怪你自己。这不是你的错。 7. The controller made a mistake and overcharged Amy for her tuition. Charge是“收费”的意思， overcharge是“收多了钱”。I got short-changed. 是指别人找钱找少给我了。 8. Have the driver let you off at the intersection. -叫司机在交叉口处让你下车。Let you off意思是“让你下车”， 中国学生很容易按照中文来翻译，“let you get off the bus语法上是没有错误的，但是现实中常常不这么罗嗦。学习英文应该多注意英文的表达方法，而不是想如何把中文翻译成英文。这个例句还有一个托福经常考的结构：Have somebody do something:让某人做某事。类似的常考结构：get somebody to do something. 不过这个结构的侧重点是自己不干，叫别人去干。 9. Ive almost finished typing my homework paper. Finish doing something=做完一件事情。 在口语中也说 be done with sth./doing something. I am done with typing my homework paper. 有时我的外国同事问我有没有干完手头的活也说，“Are you done? 10. Has my unabridged dictionary arrived yet? Abridge- 删节, 削减, 精简 unabridged 是指未经过删节的，原版的。Abridged novels就是简写版小说 11. A: How did you ever move that desk upstairs to your room? B: It was very heavy, but I got my roommates to help me with itA: 你究竟时怎么把那个桌子搬进你的房子的？B： 那个桌子很重，但是我叫我的舍友帮我搬。 How did you ever do something? 通常用来问别人时究竟怎么把一件比较难办的事情办成的。 ever在这里不是“曾经”的意思，只是用来加强语气。Get my roommate to help me with it. 这里有两个结构：Get somebody to do something: 叫某人做某事 （托福常考结构）Help somebody with something：帮助某人做某事 学习英文要时刻注意总结固定的搭配和结构，这样才能写出和讲出地道的英语。虽然简单，但是不小心还是会用错。 另外一个托福原句You certainly had a lot of boxes. How did you ever find room for everything? 你的盒子真多。你究竟时怎么找地方放这些东西的。 12. He goes skiing every chance he gets.他一有机会就去滑雪。举一反三：I practice my spoken English every chance I get. 我一有机会就练习我的英语口语。 13. Hes always been enthusiastic about sports. 他一直对运动很热衷。Be enthusiastic about sth: 对某事很热衷，热爱比较口语化的表达方式还有： be crazy/nuts about something/somebodyHes crazy/nuts about basketball.他热爱篮球。 14. Shouldnt she concentrate on doing her school work instead? Concentrate on doing something. 集中精力做某事。 15. At least it is a diversion from my normal course work. Im getting tired of math. “至少这可以让我暂时撇下我的正常的课程工作。我已经对数学感到厌倦了。”Diversion这里时指分散精力的东西。 Get tired of something 又为“get sick and tired of something是指对某事感到开始感到厌倦。 16. It would be better to talk about it face to face. It would be better to do something 这个句型是虚拟语气 （would），常用来提建议。“这样做会更好” Face to face : 面对面 In person:亲自 It would be better to tell him in person. 亲自告诉他比较好。 17. Would you mind if I sat here? -Of course not. Would you mind if I did something? If从句中用过去时表示客气。也可以不用过去时。回答Would you mind?一定要小心，如果你介意就答“yes”， 不介意就答“No” “Of course not. 18. So youre going to give us a ride to the game tonight? 你今天晚上会车我们去看比赛？Give sb a ride用车载某人一程。 19. You havent written your folks for a quite a while, have you? Folks在口语中的意思是“父母” 20. Marilyn seemed happy with her grades. - Happy? She could hardly contain herself. Grades是指成绩。在国外打分通常给A,B,C,D. I made good grades in high school. -我读高中时成绩很好。Contain oneself -控制自己的情绪，感情e.g. I was so angry that I couldnt contain myself. 我气得不能控制自己的情绪 21. Maybe I ought to subscribe to the Engineering Quarterly. Subscribe to 订阅 Ive subscribed to China Daily. 我订了中国日报。Quarter有好多意思。可以是“季度”，或是“一刻钟”，或是25美分，或是“四分之一”。Quarterly -季报 Daily 日报Weekly 周报 Bi-Weekly双周报 Monthly 月报 22. Allen has done some beautiful drawings of his dream house. Dream house梦想中的房子。Dream job- 心目中理想的工作Dream car做梦都想要的车Dream girl (the girl of my dreams) - 梦中情人，心中理想的女孩 潇潇语言实验室 No. 23托福听力口语篇(2) 1. My best friend helped me choose a dissertation topic. - 我的最好的朋友帮我选了论文题目。 托福常会考一些关于学习生活的句子。写论文通常是自己选论文题目，导师同意了才可以写。Dissertation: a long piece of writing about a subject, especially one that you write as part of a university degree- (博士学位)论文;(专题)论文 还有一个意思差不多的词thesis， 托福也考过这个词。 Thesis: a long piece of writing about a particular subject that you do as part of an advanced university degree such as an MA or a PhD: 论文;毕业(或学位)论文e.g. Writing a thesis on dance clubs is not as strange as it seems. 2. Linda developed the film herself.Linda自己冲洗胶卷。Develop这里不是“发展”的意思，而是“冲洗胶卷”。Film胶卷Develop: to make a photograph out of a photographic film, using chemicals-冲洗胶卷I will have the film developed tomorrow. -我明天会把胶卷拿去冲洗。I want to have this photo enlarged. - 我想把相片放大。相片的底片叫做negative (noun) 3. Bill disliked doing the laundry. Bill讨厌洗衣服。很多中国学生会说，“Bill disliked washing his clothes.这样说也可以，但是口语中 洗衣服”常说“do the laundryLaundry: uncountable clothes, sheets etc that need to be washed or have just been washed 洗衣店有两种Laundromat和dry cleanersLaundromat是可以用水帮你洗衣服的店。我的外国朋友问我广州有没有Laundromat. 因为她没有洗衣机，冬天水很冷，不想自己用手洗衣服。Dry cleaners：干洗店。 Like doing something-喜欢做某事I like dancing in discos. Dislike doing something -不喜欢做某事Tom dislikes going to the dentist. Hate doing something 厌恶做某事Paul hates having his photo taken. Loathe/resent doing something憎恨做某事I absolutely loathe traveling. 4. I had the department secretary type my term paper.我叫系里的秘书帮我打我的学期论文。 Have sb do something. -让别人做某事， 托福常考结构。Term paper-学期论文。在美国的大学，有些科目不进行期末考，期末交一篇学期论文就当是该科的考试。 5. Most colleges are no longer overcrowded, neither are the secondary schools. 多数大学都不再过度拥挤，中学也不是这样了。Neither这是初中就学过的词，便是“也不”。e.g. (1) He doesnt like rock music, neither do I. - 他不喜欢摇滚音乐，我也不喜欢。e.g. (2) Mary is not American, neither am I. Mary不是美国人，我也不是。Neither后面的动词形式取决于前面句子的动词。 6. Her face lit up when she saw him.她见到他时马上面露喜色。Lit up的原形是light up. 从字面理解是“亮起来”“突然有光”If someones face or eyes light up, they show pleasure, excitement. 是指面露喜色或是显得兴奋。常用搭配：Light up with joy/pride/glee. 7. After the cake had cooled, I put frosting on it. Frosting(在糕饼上的)糖霜混合物, 英国人称为 “icing 8. The program will be on in a quarter of an hour. 这个节目将会在15分钟后播放。 On指电视或是电台节目开播。在【潇潇语言实验室22集】提到quarter有几个意思，这里的quarter是15分钟。 9. Judge Gray was never known for his leniency toward criminals. Gray法官向来都不是以对犯人仁慈闻名的。（言下之意，他对犯人不留情。）Be known for/be famous for/be noted for以。闻名 10. Mark has decided to run against Jack for treasurer. Mark和Jack竞争财务部长的职位。Run for a position:参加竞选一个职位。 Run against somebody for a position-和某人竞争一个职位。e.g. Bob Doles running for President. Bob Dole正在竞选总统职位。 11. W: I need to make a hotel reservation for the conference. -我要给这次会议顶酒店。 Make a reservation预定，可以是在餐厅预定位置，在酒店预定房间，或是预定机票。托福常考的情形就是这几种。 M: How about having the travel agent do it? 叫旅行社帮忙预定怎么样。How about doing something:这个句型常用来提建议。 A: I cant decide where to eat out. 我决定不了去哪吃饭。B: How about going to the McDonalds? 去麦当劳怎么样？ Eat out是指出去餐馆吃饭。“我么今天晚上出去吃饭吧”这句话很多中国学生容易说成，“Lets go out to eat tonight.事实上，口语中的表达是，“Lets eat out tonight. 12. W: How about some more apple pie, Bob? -Bob，在再吃点苹果派吧。M: You wouldnt have to force me to take another helping. 你不用逼我，我也会再吃多一份的。（言下之意是这苹果派很好吃，你不用逼我，我也会自己多吃些。）Helping：(食物的)一份,一客Force sb to do sth. -逼某人做某事。 13. M: Ill have to repair this old knapsack (背包) again. W: Will it do any good? 这有用么？ （这样做有好处么？）言下之意是她不赞成补那个背包，还不如买个新的算了。 e.g. (1) Smoking does you no good.吸烟对你没有好处。e.g. (2) Drinking hot milk before bed will do you good. 睡觉钱喝热牛奶对你有好处。 14. M: Would you tell Paul Im sorry I lost his radio?你能不能告诉Paul我很抱歉我弄丢了他的收音机。W: Hadnt you better tell him yourself? -你自己告诉他不是更好么？英文中常用 Youd better do something来提建议，这里是用了这个句型的反问句型 Hadnt you better do something? 15. W: Can you take me to the Palace Restaurant quickly? Im ten minutes late already. M: I dont know. Ill try. But with traffic this heavy, it will take at least twenty more. With traffic this heavy -交通这么拥挤， this 在这里的是“这么,这样地的意思。表程度。 That有类似的用法：That那样,那么 （表程度）e.g. (1) Is the problem that easy?问题有那么简单吗? e.g. (2) Things are not that bad. 事情并没有那么糟糕。 16. W: Werent you nervous when the professor called on you? 教授叫你回答问题时你是不是很紧张。M: Ill say. I shook all over. 是的，我全身都发抖。我们在中学课本学过call on sb.是拜访某人的意思。call on sb：to visit someone for a short time e.g. Id like to call on Annal while Im in London. 但是在美式英文中，call on sb.有另外的意思：(American) to ask a person in a group of people to answer a question or to give their opinion about something 提问某人，或是叫某人发表意见。She was afraid the teacher would call on her and she wouldnt know the answer.她怕老师提问她时她不知道答案. “Ill say”是表示同意对方说的话。类似的表达方法还有：You bet/You said it/You can say that again./You hit the nail on the head. 这些句子都是表示赞成对方说的话，托福听力都考过。 17. W: Why do you always put on slippers(拖鞋) when you go into your apartment? 你进你的公寓时为什么总是穿上拖鞋。 18. M: It saves wear and tear on the carpet. 这样会减少对地毯的磨损。wear and tear: often + onthe damage that happens to an object or a person when they are used or when they do something 使用一样东西对这样东西产生的磨损。这个短语也可以用于人。指事情对人的损耗。 e.g. (1)She made everyone wear slippers inside the house to avoid wear and tear on the carpet. -e.g. (2) The wear and tear of life in a busy office has taken its toll on our staff. take a/its/their toll: to have a bad effect on someone or something 对某事产生不好的影响，尤其指身心的损耗。Bringing up nine children had taken its toll on my mother. often + on The disease has taken a horrendous toll in parts of western Africa. 19. W: Which do you prefer? The striped (条纹的), the polka dot（圆点花样的） or the plaid（有格子图案的）? M: Actually I like the solid orange best. 事实上