高考英语阅读理解巩固精品题练习（9）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解巩固精品题练习（9）及答案阅读理解-c72013天津卷 dwhen asked about happiness, we usually think of something extraordinary, an absolute delight, which seems to get rarer the older we get.for kids, happiness has a magical quality.their delight at winning a race or getting a new bike is unreserved(毫无掩饰的)in the teenage years the concept of happiness changes.suddenly its conditional on such things as excitement, love and popularity.i can still recall the excitement of being invited to dance with the most attractive boy at the school party.in adulthood the things that bring deep joylove, marriage, birthalso bring responsibility and the risk of loss.for adults, happiness is complicated(复杂的)my definition of happiness is “the capacity for enjoyment”the more we can enjoy what we have, the happier we are.its easy to overlook the pleasure we get from the company of friends, the freedom to live where we please, and even good health.i experienced my little moments of pleasure yesterday.first i was overjoyed when i shut the last lunchbox and had the house to myself.then i spent an uninterrupted morning writing, which i love.when the kids and my husband came home, i enjoyed their noise after the quiet of the day.psychologists tell us that to be happy we need a mix of enjoyable leisure time and satisfying work.i dont think that my grandmother, who raised 14 children, had much of either.she did have a network of close friends and family, and maybe this is what satisfied her.we, however, with so many choices and such pressure to succeed in every area, have turned happiness into one more thing weve got to have.were so selfconscious about our “right” to it that its making us miserable.so we chase it and equal it with wealth and success, without noticing that the people who have those things arent necessarily happier.happiness isnt about what happens to usits about how we see what happens to us.its the skillful way of finding a positive for every negative.its not wishing for what we dont have, but enjoying what we do possess.51as people grow older, they _afeel it harder to experience happinessbassociate their happiness less with otherscwill take fewer risks in pursuing happinessdtend to believe responsibility means happiness52what can we learn about the author from paragraphs 5 and 6?ashe cares little about her own health.bshe enjoys the freedom of traveling.cshe is easily pleased by things in daily life.dshe prefers getting pleasure from housework.53what can be inferred from paragraph 7?apsychologists think satisfying work is key to happiness.bpsychologists opinion is well proved by grandmas case.cgrandma often found time for social gatherings.dgrandmas happiness came from modest expectations of life.54people who equal happiness with wealth and success _aconsider pressure something blocking their waybstress their right to happiness too muchcare at a loss to make correct choicesdare more likely to be happy55what can be concluded from the passage?ahappiness lies between the positive and the negative.beach man is the master of his own fate.csuccess leads to happiness.dhappy is he who is content.【要点综述】 本文是一篇议论文。幸福是什么？每个人在每个年龄阶段对这个问题有着不同的回答。儿时的幸福很简单，一辆新自行车就是幸福；少年时的幸福已经变了；成年时的幸福又不一样了。作者有着自己的幸福观。51a推理判断题。通过第二、三、四段的描述可知，儿时的梦想很简单，青少年时幸福的概念就换了，而成年时幸福就变得复杂了，因此随着年龄的增长，人们发现体会幸福越来越难了。故选a。52c推理判断题。根据第五段中的内容可知，作者说越享受自己拥有的，我们就会越幸福；第六段中作者用自己的体验叙述了作者经历的小小的幸福的时刻。因此可从第五、六段知道，作者很容易因生活中的一些小事而感到幸福。故选c。53d细节理解题。第七段中说奶奶没有快乐的休闲时间，也没有令人满意的工作，但奶奶却有家人和朋友的密切的联系网，因此奶奶也很幸福。由此可知奶奶的幸福来自于对生活的朴素的期盼。故选d。54b推理判断题。根据第八段中的内容，因为有那么多的选择、有想成功的压力，我们很多人把快乐变成了比我们所拥有的更想要的东西。而那些把幸福和财富以及成功等同起来的人，太过于看重自己拥有幸福的权利了。故选b。55d主旨大意题。根据作者整篇文章的论述，作者旨在告诉我们幸福的人就是容易满足的人。故选d。c72013江苏卷 bweve considered several ways of paying to cut in line：hiring line standers, buying tickets from scalpers(票贩子)，or purchasing linecutting privileges directly from，say，an airline or an amusement park.each of these deals replaces the morals of the queue(waiting your turn)with the morals of the market(paying a price for faster service)markets and queuespaying and waitingare two different ways of allocating things，and each is appropriate to different activities.the morals of the queue，“first come, first served，” have an egalitarian(平等主义的)appeal.they tell us to ignore privilege，power，and deep pockets.the principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops.but the morals of the queue do not govern all occasions.if i put my house up for sale, i have no duty to accept the first offer that comes along, simply because its the first.selling my house and waiting for a bus are different activities，properly governed by different standards.sometimes standards change, and it is unclear which principle should apply.think of the recorded message you hear，played over and over，as you wait on hold when calling your bank：“your call will be answered in the order in which it was received.”this is essential for the morals of the queue.its as if the company is trying to ease our impatience with fairness.but dont take the recorded message too seriously.today, some peoples calls are answered faster than others.call center technology enables companies to “score” incoming calls and to give faster service to those that come from rich places.you might call this telephonic queue jumping.of course，markets and queues are not the only ways of allocating things.some goods we distribute by merit，others by need，still others by chance.however，the tendency of markets to replace queues，and other nonmarket ways of allocating goods is so common in modern life that we scarcely notice it anymore.it is striking that most of the paid queuejumping schemes weve consideredat airports and amusement parks，in call centers，doctors offices，and national parksare recent developments, scarcely imaginable three decades ago.the disappearance of the queues in these places may seem an unusual concern，but these are not the only places that markets have entered.58according to the author，which of the following seems governed by the principle “first come，first served”？ataking buses. bbuying houses.cflying with an airline. dvisiting amusement parks.59the example of the recorded message in paragraphs 4 and 5 illustrates _athe necessity of patience in queuing bthe advantage of modern technologycthe uncertainty of allocation principle dthe fairness of telephonic services60the passage is meant to _ajustify paying for faster services bdiscuss the morals of allocating thingscanalyze the reason for standing in line dcriticize the behavior of queue jumping【要点综述】 本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述的是生活中购物买票等的插队问题。作者通过举例、道理分析来解读道德和市场的平衡问题，要想得到快速的服务，就要额外付出更多的费用，由此对在道德和市场竞争之间产生的矛盾进行探讨。58a推理判断题。根据第二段中的“first come, first served”和第三段“the principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops.but the morals of the queue do not govern all occasions.”可知选a项。59c细节判断题。根据第四段“sometimes standards change, and it is unclear which principle should apply.”和第五段可知，有时分配的原则是不断变化的，也就是说分配原则的不确定性，故选c项。60b作者意图题。本文主要阐述了如何进行分配，讨论了基于分配原则的可变性的道德标准，故选b项。例2 【20* 山东卷阅读b篇】federal regulators wednesday approved a plan to create a nationwide emergence alert (警报) system using text messages delivered to cell phones.text messages have exploded in popularity in recent years, particularly among young people. the wireless industrys trade association, ctia, estimates（估计） more than 48 billion text messages are sent each month.the plan comes from the warning alert and response network act, a 2006 federal law that requires improvements to the nations emergency alert system. the act tasked the federal communications commission (fcc) with coming up with new ways to alert the public about emergencies.the ability to deliver accurate and timely warnings and alerts through cell phones and other mobile services is an important next step in our efforts to help ensure that the american public has the information they need to take action to protect themselves and their families before, and during, disasters and other emergencies, fcc chairman kevin martin said following approval of the plan.participation in the alert system by carriers telecommunications companies is voluntary, but it has received solid support from the wireless industry.the program would be optional for cell phone users. they also may not be charged for receiving alerts.there would be three different types of messages, according to the rules.the first would be a national alert from the president, likely involving a terrorist attack or natural disaster. the second would involve approaching threats, which could include natural disasters like hurricanes or storms or even university shootings. the third would be reserved for child abduction (绑架) emergencies, or so-called amber alerts.the service could be in place by 2010.62. the improvement to the present system is in the charge of _.a. ctia b. the warning alert and response network c. fcc d. federal regulators63. the carriers participation in the system is determined by _.a. the us federal government b. mobile phone usersc. the carriers themselves d. the law of the united states64. which of the following is true of cell phone users?a. they must accept the alert service. b. they may enjoy the alert service for free.c. they must send the alerts to others d. they may choose the types of messages65. an alert message will not be sent if _.a. a child loses his way. b. a university shooting happensc. a natural disaster happens d. a terrorist attack occurs综合练习完形填空in britain, people have different attitudes to the police. most people generally 1 them and the job they do - although there are certain people who do not believe that the police should have the power that they do.what does a policeman actually do? it is not a (n) 2 job to describe. after all, a policeman has a number of jobs in one. a policeman often has to control traffic, either on foot in the center of a town, or in a police car on the roads. indeed, in britain, he might be in the traffic police and spend all, or a lot of, his time 3 up and down main roads and motorways. a traffic policeman has to help keep the traffic moving, stop 4 motorists and help when there is an accident.a policeman has to help keep the 5 , too. if there is a fight or some other disturbance, we 6 the police to come and restore order. and they often have to 7 situation at great risk to their own 8 . we expect the police to solve crimes, of course, so an ordinary policeman, 9_ he is not a detective (侦探), will often have to help 10 and arrest criminals. and who do we call when there is an emergency - an air crash, a 11 , a road accident, or a robbery? we call the police. so a policeman has to be 12 to face any unpleasant emergency that may happen in the 13 world. the police do an absolutely necessary job. they do it 14 well and i support them, but i do not envy policemen. i do not think that i could 15 do the job of a policeman. 1. a. dislike b. join c. appreciate d. admire2. a. funny b. pleasant c. interesting d. easy3. a. walking b. driving c. wandering d. searching4. a. resting b. tired c. speeding d. drunken5. a. peace b. silence c. situation d. condition6. a. wait for b. call c. think of d. expect7. a. turn to b. avoid c. deal with d. treat8. a. safety b. families c. future d. friends9. a. although b. as if c. however d. even if10. a. get rid of b. question c. look for d. sentence11. a. power failure b. fire c. thunder storm d. thief12. a. provided b. promised c. prepared d. presented13. a. future b. modern c. real d. whole14. a. extremely b. specially c. surprisingly d. particularly15. a. hardly b. forever c. ever d. neverc72013江西卷 bwhen international aid is given, steps must be taken to ensure (确保) that the aid reaches the people for whom it is intended. the way to achieve this may not be simple. it is very difficult for a nation to give help directly to people in another nation. the united nations organization(uno) could undertake to direct the distribution of aid. here however rises the problem of costs. also tied with this is time. perhaps the uno could set up a body of devoted men and women in every country who can speedily distribute aid to victims of floods and earthquakes.more than the help that one nation can give to another during a disaster, it would be more effective to give other forms of help during normal times. a common proverb says, “give_me_a_fish_and_i_eat_for_a_day,_teach_me_to_fish_and_i_eat_for_a_lifetime.” if we follow this wise saying, it would be right to teach people from less developed nations to take care of themselves. for example, a country could share its technology with another. this could be in simple areas like agriculture or in more complex areas like medical and health care or even in building satellites. even a small country is able to help less developed nations. sometime what is taken for granted, like the setting up of a water purification plant or the administration of a school, could be useful for countries which are looking about to solve common problems. it does not cost much to share such simple things. exchange students could be attached for a number of months or years and learn the required craft while on the site. they can then take their knowledge back to their homelands and if necessary come back from time to time to clear doubts or to update themselves. such aid will be truly helpful and there is no chance of it being temporary or of it falling into the wrong hands.many countries run extensive courses in all sorts of skills. it will not cost much to include deserving foreigners in these courses. besides giving effective help to the countries concerned, there is also the buildup of friendships to consider. giving direct help by giving materials may be effective in the short run and must continue to be given in the event of emergencies. however, in the long run what is really effective would be the sharing of knowledge.61according to the author, how could international aid reach the victims in time?a. by solving the cost problems.b. by solving the transportation problems.c. by setting up a body of devoted people in every country.d. by relying on the direct distribution of the uno.62what does the author try to express in the underlined sentence? a. prov