胆囊容易染上哪些病.doc

近日有媒体报道，一名65岁男性患者，因过量饮酒导致急性坏疽性胆囊炎(男子喝白酒患上急性坏疽性胆囊炎)。虽然由大量饮酒导致的急性坏疽性胆囊炎比较少见，但胆囊疾病却是临床上非常常见的一类疾病。小小胆囊都容易得哪些病？胆囊位置胆囊是人体消化系统的重要器官，位于右上腹，肝脏的下缘，附着在肝脏的胆囊窝里，借助胆囊管与胆总管相通。它的外型呈梨形，长约79厘米，宽约2.23.5厘米，其容积为3050毫升，分为底、体、颈三部。底部游离，体部位于肝脏脏面的胆囊床内，颈部呈囊状。胆囊管长约24厘米，直径约0.3厘米，其内有螺旋式粘膜皱襞，有调节胆汁出入作用。胆结石是胆管或胆囊内形成的凝结物，是较为常见的消化系统疾病之一。患上胆结石后，患者会出现腹痛，或并发急性炎症。胆囊的功能1.储存浓缩胆汁在消化期间，通过神经调节，使胆总管括约肌收缩，胆囊扩张，胆道内产生压力梯度。肝胆汁因压力差进入胆囊。胆汁储存主要发生在夜间空腹时，但括约肌的关闭不完全，仍有部分胆汁进入小肠。2.排空胆汁胆囊排空也需要胆囊和胆总管括约肌的互相作用。胆汁排空时胆囊平滑肌收缩，括约肌松弛。3.调节胆道压力胆囊有调节胆道内压的作用，胆总管阻塞4小时胆道内压井不增高。但当胆囊切除后，胆总管扩张，胆总管括约肌作用减弱，胆管壁增厚，粘液腺体增多，以适应将更多胆汁排入肠道。胆囊容易生的病1.胆囊息肉胆囊息肉就是各种胆囊黏膜隆起的一个肉疙瘩，在临床上，胆囊息肉的发病以中青年为主，30-50岁的人群占了总病人数的57.8%。胆囊息肉的隐蔽性强，很多人无任何症状，只是体检时才发现。等出现症状时，多数与慢性胆囊炎相似，主要表现为右上腹部轻度不适；伴有结石时，可出现胆绞痛。预防胆囊息肉要做到：饮食要有规律，早餐要吃好。胆囊中的胆汁有消化食物的作用。患者如果饮食没有规律，尤其是不吃早餐，则胆囊分泌的胆汁得不到利用，导致胆汁在胆囊中滞留时间过长，从而刺激胆囊形成胆囊息肉或使原来的息肉增大或增多。要坚持低胆固醇低脂饮食。胆固醇摄入过多，不仅会加重患者肝脏的负担，还会造成多余的胆固醇在胆囊壁上结晶、积聚和沉淀，从而形成胆囊息肉。所以，患者应降低胆固醇的摄入量，尤其是晚餐尽量减少高胆固醇食物(如动物内脏、海鲜及肥肉等)。要保证健康的生活方式。戒烟酒，避免经常熬夜，保持良好的心理状态，经常参加体育锻炼。2.胆囊结石胆结石分为胆固醇结石、胆色素结石和混合结石三类。能够增加胆汁中胆固醇和胆色素的浓度，延缓胆囊排空的因素都有可能引起胆结石，如不吃早餐及饮食不规律、长期节食减肥、蔬菜吃的少，高脂高热量食物摄入过多、过分吃素等。此外，糖尿病和胆囊胆管的炎症也可能促使胆结石形成。胆结石症状在初期并不明显，出现以下症状应警惕或有胆结石可能：1.持续性右上腹痛伴轻重交替，可放射到肩背部。2.烧心、嗳气、恶心、呕吐、餐后饱胀和消化不良等症状，进食油腻后更加明显。3.急性发作还伴有发热，黄疸。需注意的是，慢性胃炎、胃及十二指肠溃疡也会出现不同程度的上述症状。因此，一些胆石症患者早期很容易被误诊为胃病。预防胆囊结石要做到：要少吃高热量、高胆固醇的食物，糖量高的水果也要限量；饮食要规律，按时吃早餐和规律饮食。长期节食减肥要谨慎；合理膳食，多吃蔬菜。3.胆囊炎可分为急性的和慢性的两种类型，常与胆石症合并存在。急性胆囊炎一般会出现右上腹疼痛突然发作，痛感强烈，或呈现绞痛样。而胆囊管非梗阻性急性胆囊炎时，右上腹疼痛一般不剧烈，多为持续性胀痛。慢性胆囊炎则可能出现持续性右上腹钝痛或不适感，有恶心、嗳气、反酸、腹胀和胃部灼热等消化不良症状。预防胆囊炎要做到：规律进食，少食多餐；适当限制饮食中脂肪和胆固醇的含量。多补充富含纤维素的蔬菜；喝够水；讲究卫生，预防蛔虫等寄生虫感染；调节情绪；适度运动。Recent media reports,a 65year old male patient,because ofexcessive drinkingcauses acutegangrenous cholecystitis(mendrink liquorsuffering fromacute gangrenouscholecystitis).Althoughcaused bydrinking a lot ofacute gangrenouscholecystitisis relatively rare,but verycommon clinicalgallbladder diseaseisa kind ofdisease.Smallgallbladderare easy tohavewhat disease?The position of The gallbladderis an important organ ofthe human digestive system,is located in theright upper quadrant,the lower edge ofliver,gall bladder fossaattached to theliver,gallbladderduct and common bile ductis communicatedwith the help of.Itsshape ispear shaped,ca. 7cm to 9 cm,width of 2.2 3.5cm,thevolume of 30 50 ml,divided into the floor,body,neckthree.At the bottom ofthe bodyisfree,livergallbladder bed indirtyface,neckcystic.Gallbladderabout2 4 cm,0.3 cm in diameter,in which there is aspiralfolds of mucous membrane,aregulatingroleof bileand. Gallstones arecoagulumformation of gallbladderin,is one of the most commondiseases of digestive system.Afterpatients withgallstones,abdominal pain,orcomplicated with acuteinflammation.The functions of the gallbladder1storage of concentrated During the digestion,theneural regulation,make thecholedochal sphinctercontraction,expansion ofthegallbladder,biliary tractpressuregradient.Because of the pressuredifferenceingallbladderbile.Bileis storedmainlyoccurred in the nightfasting,but thesphincternot closedcompletely,there are still somebileinto the small intestine.2emptyingof bileThe interactionof gallbladder emptyingalso need thegallbladder and bile ductsphincter.Bileemptyingof gallbladdersmooth muscle contraction,sphincter relaxation.3 to adjust thepressure of the biliary Gallbladderbiliary duct pressureregulationfunction,common bile duct obstructivebiliary duct pressure4hourswelldid not increase.But whenafter cholecystectomy,bile duct dilatation,weaken thecholedochal sphincterfunction,bile ductwall thickening,mucousglandsincreased,in order to adapt tothemorebile into theintestine.Gallbladderprone 1gallbladder polypsAlumpgallbladder polypsgallbladdermucosaisraised,in clinic,the incidence ofgallbladder polypswith young,aged 30-50accounted for the totalnumber of patients57.8%.Gallbladder polypshidden strong,a lot of peoplewithout any symptoms,butfound thatphysical examination.And othersymptoms,mostsimilar tochroniccholecystitis,mainly for theright upperabdominaldiscomfort;with stone,can appear thebiliary colic. Prevention ofgallbladder polypsto do:Regular diet,eat a good breakfast.Gallbladder bileto digest thefood effect.If the patientdietis not the law,especiallynot to eat breakfast,thegallbladderbile isnotused,resulting intoo long residence timeof bile in the gallbladder,so as to stimulatethe formationof gallbladderpolyps of the gallbladderorso that the original polyp increasedor increased. Togo on a low cholesteroldiet.Cholesterolintake too much,will not only increase theburden onpatients withliver,can also causeexcess cholesterol in the gallbladderwallaccumulation andcrystallization,precipitation,thus formingthe gallbladder polyp.Therefore,patients shouldreducethe intake of cholesterol,especially dinnerto reducehigh cholesterol foods(such as animal offal,seafood andmeatetc.).Toensure a healthy lifestyle.Quit smoking wine,avoid to oftenstay up late,to maintain a good state of mind,often take part in physical Gallstonesare divided intocholesterol gallstones,bile pigment stonesand mixedstones three.Toincrease the concentrationof cholesterol andbilepigmentin the bile,gallbladder emptyingfactorsdelayis likely tocausegallstones,such as do not eat breakfastandirregular diet,long-termdiet,vegetables,eat lesshigh fat and highcalorie foods,excessive intake,excessivevegetarianetc.In addition,inflammation,diabetes andgallbladderbile ductmay prompt thegallstone formation.Gallstonesymptom is not obviousin the early stage,the following symptomsshould alertorgallstones may:1persistent rightupper abdominal painassociated withthe severity of alternating,radiation to theshoulder and back.2heartburn,belching,nausea,vomiting,postprandial fullnessandindigestion symptoms,eatinggreasy aftermore obvious.3acute attackaccompanied by fever,jaundice.It must be noted that,chronicgastritis,gastric and duodenal ulcersalso can appearthesymptom of different level.Therefore,some of the earlypatients with cholelithiasisis easy tobe misdiagnosed asgastric disease. Prevention ofgallbladder stonesto do:Toeat high calorie,high cholesterol food,sugaryfruitalso limited;toregular diet,eat breakfast on timeanddiet.The long-termdietshould be careful;a reasonable diet,eat more vegetables.3cholecystitisCan be divided intoacuteand chr