上海交通大学第二学期英语义详解版答案key to rcise Five.docx

key to Exercise FiveSection 1. Compound DictationAs quick and easy as making a cup of instant coffee, a Chinese company has developed anewmachine which dispenses traditional medicine with a simple push of a button.Once a (1)prescription is provided, (2)staffs dispense the medicine and the machine does the rest.prescription n. 处方 prescribe v. dispense v. vt. 分配，分发Its a far cry from the medicinal practices of old where Ginseng, fungi, dried sea horses, and other (3)mysterious ingredients are carefully sorted before being (4)steeped for hours in hot water. Now those ingredients can be prescribed and dispensed almost instantly, according to Sun Yougang of the Sichuan Neo-Green Pharmaceutical Company, the machines developer.steeped adj.沉浸于 be steeped in happinessThe biggest (5)advantage is that our machine is able to dispense medicine (6)accurately, every patients illness is different, a doctor might prescribe different amounts of medicine to a 30-year-old patient compared to a 50-year-old patient. Also some doctors might give you three (7)doses, others might give you five.dose n. 剂量The new machine though provides one pack, containing six (8)individual servings, all patients need to do is open one of the sections, mix it with hot water, and drink. For Wei Ting, it makes a big difference. serving n. 份(9)It can take around two hours /to brew Chinese medicine, /two hours is a lot of time/ for working professionals to spare. If its like making instant coffee, thats (10)the first thing we do when we get to the office, its simple and it saves a lot of time. brew v. 酿（酒）;熬（药）brew coffee, brew a pot of tea, etc.working professionals 上班族The Chengdu No. 1 Peoples Hospital is one of the dozens in China where the machine has been installed, eventually, the manufacturer wants to export them, in the hope that (11)Chinas age-old /remedies /can win greater acceptance/ in the west. remedy n. 补救；治疗；赔偿vt. 补救；治疗；纠正Tara Cleary, Reuters路透社.Section 2 Note-takingKey & Script:Hollywoods images of smoking encourage teens to light upFilmmakers in Hollywood produce hundreds of films each year and audiences around the world watch them. In many films, characters smoke cigarettes and other forms of tobacco. In the past,researchers have documented how adolescents in the United States are influenced by watching those images of smokingon the screen. They found thatkids who watch many movies where characters smoke are more likely to try smoking themselves.Dr. James Sargent, a researcher with Dartmouth University Medical School in New Hampshire, says those research findings are strong and consistent, but he says that many people are skeptical（怀疑的） when they hear that movies might contribute to adolescent smoking. “How can movies be responsible for a third of adolescent smoking when theres only, you know, 30 seconds to a minute of smoking in every movie? So what we wanted to do with this study was really scale （测量） the exposure for people so that they understood how much exposure kids really get when it comes to seeing these actors modeling smoking on the big screen.” Sargent and some international colleagues counted how often images of smoking were seen by adolescents. They watched about 500 popular movies and counted the images of smoking in each. Then they multiplied that number of images by the number of adolescents estimated to have seen the films. They estimate that billions of images of smoking in American films that are seen by kids around the world. “So it is a big international problem to the extent that American movie companies are exporting smoking in youth-rated movies, the kids in other countries are seeing the smoking, and its positioning smoking as something they want to do,” he concludes. Sargent says almost nothing else compares with smoking in terms of public health problems around the world. Millions of people die annually of diseases caused by smoking: lung and other cancers, heart disease and respiratory（呼吸的） diseases. Sargent says many of those people started smoking during their adolescent years.“Weve already shown pretty convincingly that seeing smoking in movies is delivering kids to the tobacco industry,” he says. “So the movie industryhassome responsibility here. The movie industry could do something that would eliminate smoking in youth-rated movies, they could rate smoking R (for restricted).” He notes thats what public health activists are trying to get filmmakers to do. And if they did that, it would eliminate 60 percent of growth of impressions the kids in his sample had seen. Sargent notes thats that public health activists are trying to get filmmakers to do. He said that if Hollywood did that, it could eliminate 60 percent of impressions in his sample had seen. Sargents research was published in the most recent issue of the journal Pediatrics（小儿科）. Findings of past research: Kids who watch many movies where characters smoke are more likely to try smoking themselves.Peoples reaction to these findings: They are skeptical to the findings.Dr. James Sargents studyPurpose: So what we wanted to do with this study was really scale the exposure for people and how much exposure kids really get when seeing these actors modeling smoking on the big screen.Method: Sargent and some international colleagues counted how often images of smoking were seen by adolescents.Conclusion: They estimate that the movie industry could do something that would eliminate smoking in youth-rated movies,Suggestions: If Hollywood did that, it could eliminate 60 percent of impressions in his sample had seen.Section 3. Short Answer Questions: Keys:1. the volume of traffic, the amount of long-range travel and connections from certain airports2. It ranked third in its ability to spread a pandemic.3. the study is a reminder that airports can spread pandemics more easily than other transportation hubs4. simply by people touching the same surfaces that are contaminated5. frequent handwashingStudy looks at role airports play in spread of disease, pandemicsAirports and planes move more than only people. They have also transported diseases such as influenza流行感冒 flu, SARS, and tuberculosis肺结核.“I try to take travelers shots and carry hand sanitizer洗手液 sanitizer消毒剂,” she said.Yatta Montrell is flying to Hong Kong and Malaysia from Los Angeles. Every time she travels, she worries about getting sick.Some airports in the United States are able to spread disease more quickly, according to researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.They looked at 1) the volume of traffic, the amount of long-range travel and connections from certain airports. New Yorks Kennedy airport and LAX in Los Angeles ranked highest by those measurements.Researcher Ruben Juanes was surprised that Honolulus smaller airport 2) ranked third in its ability to spread a pandemic流行病. In a Skype interview with VOA, Juanes explains why.“Its in the middle of the ocean so virtually every connection is a long-range connection that can take away infected passengers very quickly over many thousands of kilometers. And even though the number of connections is small, again a large fraction of them are hubs（交通）枢纽 in Asia or North America,” Juanes stated.MIT factored in the travel patterns of individuals: the length of their trips and layovers中途短暂停留.Thomas Valente, professor of preventive medicine预防医学 at the University of Southern California, says 3) the study is a reminder that airports can spread pandemics more easily than other transportation hubs.“Airports move people around and, when youre at an airport, you have time to wait for a plane to leave or if youre meeting somebody for it to land,” said Valente. “So theres lots of people sitting in close proximity waiting for things to happen.”Sometimes a traveler catches a disease that originated far from home.“Not only will we see more pandemics but we are all globally at more risk to things that are happening in other places,” Valente added.Jonathan Samet heads the Institute for Global Health at the Universtiy of Southern California. “Many infections感染 are spread just 4) simply by people touching the same surfaces that are contaminated,” he said. “So on airplanes again, bathrooms, doorknobs门把手 are places where infections might spread.”Health experts say 5) frequent handwashing is a precaution travelers can take to prevent illness when theyre on the plane or at the airport.MITs Ruben Juanes says the study may help forecast how disease will spread when another outbreak occurs.Section 4: Listening and Translating1. After 2 days of talks at the Camp David Presidential Retreat outside Washington, Mr. Obama said the eight leaders acknowledged that budget cuts alone will not restore Europes economy. “And theres now an emerging consensus /that more must be done to /promote growth and job creation right now/ in the context of the fiscal and structural reforms.”emerge v. 冒出consensus n. 共识fiscal a.财政年度 in the context of 在环境中/背景下华盛顿外戴维营总统别墅的2天会谈后，奥巴马总统表示， 8国集团领导人已达成共识，即仅靠消减预算不能让欧洲经济复苏：“现在我们已经达成一致/，即在财政和结构改革的背景下/，必须立即采取多种行动，/促进增长，创造就业机会。”2. Jet fuel prices were about 1/7 of the expenses of the typical airline just a decade ago, consuming less of the budget than pay for pilots and other workers. But International Air Transport Association Spokesman Perry Flint says that has changed drastically and fuel cost now exceeds salaries. “Today jet fuel is certainly the largest expense/ on the industry wide basis. /We calculate that represents about 34%/ of an airlines operating expenses.” dramatically adv. greatly jet fuel 航油 on the wide base 在广泛的基础上 operating expense 公司营运成本“在整个行业范围来讲，目前的航空汽油是最大的成本。根据我们的计算，占到航空公司运营费用的约 34%”。3. A pilot project gets underway soon to test whether mobile phones can be used to help educate the poor. Its estimated three quarters of the worlds poor have access to mobile phones. More and more people are downloading application software better known as apps to their mobile phones. They can be used to play games, navigate,/ surf the web, shop and much, much more./ Now, a project announced at the recent World Economic Forum/ will use an app to help alleviate poverty and improve education.have access to 有权使用 navigate v. 导航 alleviate v. reduce/lessen 减缓 APP 手机应用程序它们（应用软件程序）可以用来玩游戏，还能用于导航、/网上冲浪、购物或者更多。/现在，世界经济论坛宣布一个项目，/最近将会使用一款应用程序来帮助减少贫困、提高教育素质。4. The Worldwatch Institute report recommends degrowth in what it calls over dev