重点词汇讲解及练习.doc

【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容： 期末复习单词二. 重点、难点： 本学期重点单词Unit 11. rise v. 升起；上升；起立；起床 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。单词辨析：rise，raiserise（vi.）表示发出动作的主语自己移向较高的位置，不能接宾语。I rose at 6：30 this morning. 今早我6点半起床的。raise（vt.）表示的动作是作用于其他物体上的，后接宾语。He couldnt raise the heavy box. 他无法举起那个重箱子。2. find v. 发现，找到 find sb. sth. = find sth. for sb. 为某人找到某物 I looked for it everywhere , yet I couldnt find it. 我各处都找了，但无法找到它。3. until prep.到为止，常用在否定句中（=before）在以前until four oclock直到四点钟He did not go until night. 他直到夜里才走。It was not until yesterday that I noticed it. 直到昨天我才注意到这件事。conj.到为止，在以前，直到才Until he returns, nothing can be done.他不回来什么也不能做。Go straight on until you come to a large building.一直往前走，直到你走到一座大楼前。单词辨析：until，tilltill与until同义，但在主句前的从句或短语中，通常用until。例如：Until then, I knew nothing at all about it. 在那时以前，我对这事一无所知。4. maybe adv. possibly, perhaps 也许，大概，可能Maybe he will come, maybe not. 他也许来，也许不来。5. a lot of many, much, lots of 许多， 单词辨析：many, much, lots of many 只能修饰可数名词；much只能修饰不可数名词；a lot of/ lots of两者都可以修饰。在否定句中通常使用many和much，不用a lot of/ lots of。 There are a lot of/lots of people in the hall. 大厅里面有许多人。 Fely cant understand much Chinese. 菲丽不太懂汉语。 There is not much water in the glass. 玻璃杯里没有多少水。Unit 21. across prep. 横过；越过；在对面 run across the street 横穿马路sail across the Pacific横渡太平洋He lives across the street.他住在街对面。We came across a new phrase.我们遇到了一个新成语。adv.横过，交叉地，在对面 The river is 50 metres across.河宽50米。He couldnt get the idea across to the class.他无法使班上学生了解这概念。单词辨析：（1）across, over, throughacross：横过，穿过，是指从物体表面的一边到达另一边。She went across the stone bridge. 她走过石桥。over：越过，是指从物体的上方经过。The plane was flying over the city. 当时，飞机正从城市上空飞过。through：穿过，着重指穿过某一空间。They went through the forest by themselves. 他们独自穿过树林。（2）cross, acrosscross v. 横过，勾划，使交叉，She crossed the river finally. 最终她过了河。n.十字架，十字形物the Red Cross（Society）红十字会the Victoria Cross维多利亚十字勋章而across 是介词，表示动作的方向。2. start v. 开始；发动；动身 start sth. 开始做某事 start doing sth. 开始做某事 start to do sth. 开始做某事 The movie has just started. 电影刚开演。3. shine v.（shone, shone）照耀，发光 Her eyes shone with excitement. 她兴奋得两眼闪光。Happiness shone from her face.她面露喜色。vt.（shined/shined）擦亮 shine ones shoes擦皮鞋4. wake v.（woke, waken） vt.叫醒，激发 Please wake me up at 600 tomorrow morning. 请明早6点叫醒我。vi.醒来，醒着，警觉 wake up 醒来 I woke up at about 5：30 every morning. 我每天早上大约5点半睡醒。5. hide v. 隐藏，隐瞒 He hided the letter in a drawer. 他把信藏在了抽屉里。 Hide your light under a bushel.不露锋芒。 Lets play hide-and-seek. 我们玩捉迷藏游戏吧。6. wait vi.（for）等待，等候 Wait a moment please.请稍等一会儿。I am sorry to have kept you waiting.很抱歉让你久等了。Our dinner is waiting for us.我们的晚餐已经准备好了。That work will have to wait.那项工作需要暂时搁一下。 vt.等候；期待；延缓wait a persons return等待某人回来wait ones chance等待机会We waited dinner for him. 我们因等他而延缓开饭。单词辨析：wait，await wait主要用作不及物动词，与for连用，表示等待人或物；后接动词不定式表示等待的目的；await通常用作及物动词，带有耐心等待的情绪，常和一些抽象名词连用，常常用表示事物的名词做主语。 Dont wait for me if I am late. 如果我迟到了，就别等我了。 Death awaits all men. 人皆有一死。7. stay v. 停留，暂住 Ill stay in London at least for one year. 我至少在伦敦暂住一年。 stay at home 留在家里 stay up 熬夜保持（联系动词用法）：stay还可用作联系动词，后面接表语，表示主语所处的状态 If you stay healthy, youd better take exercise. 要想保持健康，最好进行体育锻炼。Unit 31. still adv. 还，仍，更，还要，尽管如此，依然 adv. 仍然，还He came yesterday and he is still here. 他昨天来的，现仍在此。My father still remembers his first day at school. 我的父亲仍记得他上学的第一天。adj. 静止的，静寂的The sea was calm and still. 大海风平浪静。Keep still while I comb your hair. 我给你梳头时，请不要动。2. remember vt./vi.（常与toinf, that连用）记得；记起；酬劳，送礼Do you remember me？你还记得我吗？I remember seeing her once.（=I remember that I saw her once.） 我记得曾见过她一次。Remember to phone me. 别忘了给我打电话。Please remember the taxi driver.请别忘记给出租汽车司机小费。Please remember me to your parents.请代我向你父母问候。3. bring v. 带来，拿来 He always brings a book with him whenever he comes.他每次来的时候，都带着一本书。单词辨析：bring，take，carrybring“拿来，带来”，着重指从其它地方把事物带或拿来到说话人面前。take“带走，拿走”，是指从说话人这里将东西带走。carry “搬，扛”，没有固定的方向。4. surprising adj. amazing，令人吃惊的，使人惊讶的；不寻常的 surprising news惊人的消息知识拓展：surpriseingsurprise vt.使惊奇，奇袭His anger surprised meI had thought he was a calm person. 他的愤怒使我很惊讶，我原来以为他是个冷静的人。His colleagues were surprised at his absurd behavior. 同事们对他那荒诞的行为感到吃惊。n.惊奇，诧异，惊人之事，奇袭Dont tell him about the presentits a surprise. 不要告诉他礼物的事，这是个惊喜。I looked at him in surprise . I didnt expect to see him again. 我惊奇地看他，没想到又见到他了。用法：surprising，surprisedsurprising 在句子中作表语，其主语往往是表示事物的名词。The news is surprising. 这个消息真是令人惊奇。surprised 在句子中作表语，其主语通常是表示人的名词性单词。I was surprised by the sad news. 我被这个悲伤的消息震惊了。5. afraid adj. frightened 害怕，畏惧 be afraid of sb./ sth. 害怕某人/物be afraid of doing sth. 害怕发生某事be afraid of to do sth. 害怕做某事情be afraid of that从句，害怕，恐怕 He was afraid that he would lose. 他担心会输。6. same adj. 同一的，相同的 We have lived in the same house for fifty years. 我们50年来一直住在这栋房子里。 Meet me at the same time tomorrow. 明天的这个时间和我见面。Your pen is the same as mine. 你的钢笔和我的一样。pron.（前面与the连用）同样的人；同一件事I would do the same again. 我愿意重做一次。单词辨析：same，equalsame是指相同的，同一的，不变的equal 是指数量、大小、价值等方面相等的，还有“平等的” 意思。7. equal adj.相等的，均等的，胜任的 equal pay for equal work同工同酬be equal to sb. 与相同 be equal in sth. 在相同They are equal in ability. 他们能力相等。8. few adj. 表示否定，有比较级和最高级很少，不多的， Who has fewest mistakes？谁的错最少？Few people like snakes. 很少有人喜欢蛇。a man of few words沉默寡言的人n.表示否定很少数，几乎没有 Few of my friends were there .我的朋友几乎没有人在那里。A few of us speak French.我们中间有几个人讲法语。单词辨析：few, a few；little, a littlefew 表示否定“几乎没有”，修饰可数名词：Few people knew about that man. 几乎没人认识那个人。a few 表示肯定，“一些，几个”，并且修饰可数名词：There are a few books on the shelf. 架子上放着几本书。little，a little 都只能修饰不可数名词：little 表示否定“几乎没有”；a little表示肯定，“一些，少许”。 There is little coffee in the cup. 杯子里几乎没有咖啡了。There is a little bread left. 还剩下一点面包。9. around adv. 环绕，四周，大约，His car circled around. 他的车在兜圈子。They look around but Mary is already gone. 他们往四周看看，但玛丽已经不在了。prep.在周围，四处They walked around the town. 他们在城里四处走动。The earth turns around the sun. 地球围绕太阳转。around 20 people 大约20人He asked me to come here around ten oclock. 他要我十点左右来。There are around 80 pyramids in Egypt. 在埃及大约有80座金字塔。词义辨析：round 和aroundround 和around的意思相近，但用法不完全相同. （1）在表示“圆形运转，回到原处”，“环绕”，“周围”时，英语用round，但美国人用around，例如：The earth revolves round（around）the sun. 地球绕太阳运行. They sat round（around）the table. 他们围着桌子而坐。 New things are happening all round（around）us. 新事物在我们周围不断发生。 There is a small restaurant round（around）the corner. 绕过街角有一家小餐馆。 （2）美国人以及部分英国人也常用around表示“到处”，“无目的地”，“附近”，“左右”等较为模糊的概念，例如：The news that President Clinton was coming spread rapidly around the campus.Clinton 总统就要到来的消息很快地就在校园里传开啦。 （3）around 还可以表示“不止一处”，“在许多地方”，“在不同地方”。但在美国英语里，一般只用around。例如：The students are standing around. 学生们在到处站着。They are rushing around in New York. 他们在New York到处奔波。Unit 51. taste v.品尝，辨味，有味道，体验， Can I taste your drink？我可以尝一尝你的饮料吗？ taste 还可用作联系动词，与其后面的表语构成复合谓语，表示主语的特征。 It tastes good，and it is good. 尝起来很好，味道的确不错。 This tea tastes sweet. 这茶的味道很香。 This soup tastes of chicken. 这汤有鸡的味道。n.味道，味觉My sense of taste isnt very good；I have a cold. 我的味觉不是很好，我感冒了。Chocolate has a sweet taste. 巧克力有甜味。2. enjoy v. 享受的乐趣；欣赏；喜爱（后接名词或动名词）=like I enjoy my job. 我喜爱我的工作。 I did not enjoy it. 我却颇为扫兴。 enjoy oneself 过得快乐 Did you enjoy yourself of the party？你在宴会上愉快吗？ enjoy ones dinner津津有味地吃饭enjoy swimming fishing喜欢游泳钓鱼单词辨析：like，love，enjoylike 喜欢；爱好，语气较弱，主要指对人、事、物产生好感或发生兴趣，感情色彩不浓，后面可接名词、动名词或动词不定式。love 爱；爱好，在感情上比like强烈，常用于表达“热爱，爱恋”之意；但在口语中它仅仅指一般的喜爱，可与like互换使用，后面可接名词、动名词或动词不定式。like和love 都可以接动名词和动词不定式，接动名词表示的是经常性的行为；接动词不定式表示特定、具体的行为。He likes swimming. 他喜欢游泳。3. share n.（属于或由某人做的）部分，一份We gave each of the five children an equal share. 我们给了这五个孩子每人均等的一份。 股份；股票Do not part with the shares on any account. 无论如何不要放弃这些股票。vt，vi.（常与in连用）共用；分摊；共有We shared the sweets. 我们分吃了糖果。They share their joys and sorrows. 他们同甘共苦。4. try v.（常与to连用）试；试图He tried to climb the tree, but he could not. 他试图爬树，可爬不上去。Have you tried this chocolate？你尝过这巧克力了吗？try on 试穿（衣服、鞋等）n 尝试；试验If you cant open the box, can I have a try？如果你打不开这个箱子，我能试一试吗？Let me have a try. 让我试试。try to do试图/努力做某事try doing 尝试做某事5. cost v.（cost, cost）；要价；价值How much did that bag cost？那个书包要多少钱？That sofa really costs. 那个沙发很贵。n. 成本；费用The cost of living is going up. 生活费用在提高。The cost of the house was too high for me. 对于我来说，这房子的价格太高了。Unit 61. dish n.盘，碟，盘装菜 a meat dish盛肉盘 wash the dishes 洗餐具a sweet dish甜食ones favorite dish爱吃的菜The main dish is a steak. 主菜是牛排。2. plate n.盘子；碟子，盆，盘状物 a plate of food 一盘食物 a door plate 门牌 a soup plate 汤盆3. heat n 热度；温度；热量；This will relieve the heat of the fever. 这会减轻发烧的热度。 Measure the heat of the water. 测量一下水的温度。 The heat from the fire dried their wet clothes. 炉子的高温烘干了他们的湿衣服。 v. 加热，使发热We heated the soup on the cooker. 我们在炉子上热汤。The room is heated by stove. 这房间用火炉取暖。4. steam n.蒸汽，水汽 There was steam coming from the cooking-pot. 水蒸汽从锅里冒出。vi.蒸发 The hot water was steaming. 热水在冒热气。vt.蒸 steam the meat fish 蒸肉鱼5. stir v. 搅和，搅拌；活动 He put sugar in his tea and stirred it. 他把糖放进茶里并搅拌它。 The leaves stirred in the wind. 树叶在风中摇动。No one was stirring in the house. 全家都在休息。6. boil v. 煮沸Peter boiled the kettle. 彼得把茶壶的水烧开了。The water boiled away.水烧干了。a boiled egg 煮熟的鸡蛋Unit 71. order n. 整齐；有条理I tried to bring some order to the bookshelf. 我设法把书架整得有条理些。n. 次序，顺序alphabetical order 字母顺序定购Ill have an order of fish. 我要一份鱼。n. 常用复命令；指挥give orders下命令take orders接受命令v. 整理；安排；命令；预定；任命Youd better order a taxi. 你最好还是去预定一辆出租汽车。The doctor ordered me to rest for a week or two. 医生嘱咐我休息一两个星期。2. believe v. 相信；信任I dont believe you.我不信你说的话。You cant believe anything she says. 你不能相信她说的话。I believe him（to be）right. 我认为他是对的。to believe sb. 信任某人believe in 信仰；信任to believe in God 信仰上帝I dont believe in the story.我不相信这件事。/我不相信这个故事。We believe in him. 我们信任他。3. flavor n. 滋味，味道This cake has an unusual flavor. 这个蛋糕有一种不寻常的味道。4. serve v. 服务；为效力；接待顾客Can I serve you in any way？我能帮你忙吗？He serves in the navy. 他在海军服役。serve coffee hot把咖啡趁热端上来What may I serve you with？您要些什么？知识拓展：service n. 服务；效力We need the services of a doctor. 我们需要医生的诊治。The service in this shop is always slow；the girls are very lazy. 这家商店的服务总是很慢，那些女孩子都很懒。5. fry v. 油煎，油炸She fried the eggs in a frying-pan. 她在平底锅里煎鸡蛋。The eggs were frying in the pan. 蛋在油锅里煎。Unit 91. gain v. 获得gain名词/代词He quickly gained experience. 他很快就有经验了。Only after ten years in the country did she gain her citizenship.她在这个国家住了十年后才取得了公民身份。He gained weight after his illness. 病后他的体重增加了。His efforts gained him a reputation. 他的努力使他赢得了声誉。n. 获得；增加；获利No pain, no gain. 不劳无获。2. instead n. 代替；用处，好处instead of 代替She will go there instead of you. 她将代替你去那里。They went to Beijing by train instead of by plane. 他们是乘火车而不是飞机去北京。adv. 代替：单独使用时，放在句首，用逗号与句子隔开I am going to take this class instead. 我将代上这节课。He never studies. Instead, he plays PC game all day. 他从不学习，而整天玩电脑游戏。3. weight n重量What is your weight？你体重多少？The babys weight was four kilos. 这个婴儿体重4千克。砝码；秤锤 a one-pound weight 一磅重的秤锤价值；重要性 an idea of weight 有份量的见解vt. 加重量于，使负重荷weight a plane too heavily 把飞机装得过重be weighted with care 心事重重v. 称重量He weights 60 kg. = His weight is 60 kg. 他体重60公斤。4. keep v. 保存，拿着You can keep that book. I have another copy. 你可以留着那本书。我还有一本。v. 保持，维持Keep in touch. 保持联系。联系动词用法：与表语构成复合谓语，表示主语所处的状态。The fan keeps the room cool. 电扇使房间凉爽。5. let v. 允许，让My mother wouldnt let me go to the film. 我妈妈不会让我去看电影的。放开；释放Let each man decide for himself. 让每个人自己决定。v. 出租to let a house 出租房子let alone 更不用说He hasnt enough money for food, let alone amusements. 他连吃饭钱都不够，就更不用说玩儿的钱了。Unit 101. contest n. 比赛，竞争，争论，folk song contest民歌比赛 English speech contest 英语演讲比赛close contest势均力敌的竞争（尤指竞选）2. dangerous adj. 危险的This lake is dangerous for swimmers. 在这个湖里游泳危险。dangerous 为最普通的词，没有什么特殊的含义，似乎可以表示任何方面的危险。a dangerous journey 危险的旅行It is dangerous to walk on thin ice in a lake. 在湖中薄冰上行走是很危险的。知识拓展：dangerous danger n. 危险，危险物，威胁In war, life is full of danger for everyone. 在战争中，每个人的生活都充满了危险。Smoking is a danger to health. 吸烟对健康有害。in danger在危险之中The bridge is in danger of collapse. 桥要塌了。out of danger脱离危险He is now out of danger. 他现在已经脱离危险了。3. close adj.近的，紧密的a close friend 一位亲密的朋友 We keep a close watch on the prisoners. 我们严密看守囚犯。 adv. 接近，紧密地 She came close to him. 她走近他。单词辨析：v. close，shutclose, shut这两个词的一般含义是“关”或“关闭”。close 比较普通，有时可以和shut互换使用，但它更强调“不让某人或某物进入或通过”的意思，有时有“不接纳”的意思，但通常表示“关闭”这一动作。Its Sunday, so all the shops are closed. 今天是星期天，所以这些店铺都关门了。shut仅表示“关闭”之状态，不包含“不让进入”或“不接纳”的意思As soon as he opens the gate from the outside, he comes into the garden and waits until the gate shuts. 他一旦从外面把门打开，便走进园子里等着关门。在某些习语中，只有 shut 而不用close。Shut up！ 住口！He shut his eyes to the severs reality. 对于这严峻的现实，他是闭着眼睛不肯看的。4. dislike vt.讨厌，不喜欢Some people dislike big cities. 有些人不喜欢大城市。 She strongly disliked being spoken to like that. 她很不喜欢别人对她这样说话。n.嫌恶 I felt a strong dislike of the new teacher. 我感到很不喜欢这个新老师。知识拓展：dislikedis-是表示“否定” 意义的前缀，改变词根的意思和词性。类似的词还有：disappear消失，disagree不同意，discolor退色，disorder混乱，dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事情5. because conj. 因为 I do it because I like it. 我做这件事是因为我喜欢。 because of 后接名词性单词 He is absent because he is ill. = He is absent because of his illness. 他因病缺席。6. fast adj 快的；迅速的He is a fast runner. 他是跑得很快的运动员。紧的；牢固的；不褪色的The colors arent fast, so be careful when you wash this shirt. 这些颜色易褪色，所以洗衬衫时要小心。走得快的（钟表）The clock is a minute fast. 这钟快了一分钟。Im afraid my watch is fast. 我的表快了。adv 快；迅速地to run fast 快跑The children are learning very fast. 孩子们学得很快。7. toward（s） prep.向，朝，对面，接近，She walked towards the door. 她向门口走去。 The sunflower turns toward the sun. 葵花向太阳。8. hope n希望；愿望I gave up hope of going to college when I failed my examinations. 当我考试不及格时，我丧失了上大学的希望。n. 有希望的人或事，被寄予希望的人或事Youre my last hope. 你是我最后所指望的人。I hope to go to college. 我希望上大学。I hope to be an engineer. 我希望当工程师。I hope that she will succeed. 祝她成功。hope for 希望，期待Everyone hopes for snow. 大家都企盼下雪。 Unit 111. prefer v. 更喜欢，与like1better 意思比较接近，但用法不同。prefer的含义是两者比较，更喜欢另一个。I prefer swimming to playing basketball. 与打篮球相比，我更喜欢游泳。prefer to do sth. 更喜欢做某事They prefer to eat with their fingers. 他们更喜欢用手吃东西。2. lose v. 丢失，遗失I cannot find my watch；I must have lost it. 我找不到手表，我一定把它给丢了。失败，输Our team lost the football match. 我们队足球比赛输了。He has lost his mind. 他失去理智。/他发疯了。I think we are lost. 我想我们迷路了。3. breathe v.呼吸，发出The doctor told him to breathe in deeply and then breathe out.医生叫他先深深吸一口气，然后再把气吐出来。知识拓展：breath n. 呼吸，气息，气味Let me get my breath back. 让我喘口气。How long can you hold your breath？你能屏住气多长时间？There is not a breath of wind. 一点风也没有。4. mind n.头脑，智力，Her little son has a mind of great capacity. 她的小儿子接受力很强。He has a very sharp mind. 他头脑灵活。v.介意，照顾，留心Would you mind opening the door？请您打开门好吗？Do you mind my sitting here？我可以坐这里吗？5. move v. （使）移动Who has moved my book？谁动我的书了？That car was really moving. 那汽车跑得可真快。下（一步）棋；Whose move is it？该轮到谁走了？搬家Were going to move next week. 我们打算下周搬家。感动；动心；激起 The foreign tourists were moved with admiration at the magnificent view of the Great Wall. 雄伟长城的英姿使外国游客感动得赞赏不已。be moved to tears 感动得流出眼泪n. 运动；移动；迁居；走棋One careless move loses the whole game. “一着不慎，满盘皆输。”采取的行动；步骤Whats our next move？我们下一步怎么做？Dont move, or Ill shoot. 不许动！否则我就开枪了。Its time to be moving. 出发的时间到了。Not a leaf moved. 树叶一动也不动。【典型例题】1. Either my father or I _（work）on a farm this week2. My sister does some _（run）every morning, so she is very healthy3. They were on _ way to school when it began to rain（they）4. Its not far from hereIt about three _ walk（minute）5. Hurry up！ I dont want any of you to get_（lose）6. Our English teacher is always very _ to us（friend）参考答案：1. work 2. running 3. their 4. minutes 5. lost 6. friendly【模拟试题】（答题时间：80分钟）第一部分 选择题I. 根据句意和音标选出正确的单词1. The book is _ / 5ritn / by Bill Gates. A. write B. written C. writeen D. writteen 2.I was working in the _ / 5kemistri/ lab all night long. A. kemistry B. kemistory C. chemistry D. chemistory 3.The Greens had a _/ 5pleznt/ trip to Hainan Island. A. pleasure B. plesent C. present D. pleasant 4. Its very _ / 5difikElt / for Roy to sleep well. A. difficult B. diffcult C. deffficult D. deffcult 5. I saw a _/ 5wQndEful / film last Sunday night. A. wandful B. wondful C. wonderful D. wonderfull II. 单项选择1. At las