18马力轮式拖拉机的半轴与制动器设计【优秀含6张CAD图纸+Word全套车辆类毕业设计】

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偏心轴.dwg

全浮半轴.dwg

制动蹄.dwg

制动蹄装配.dwg

制动鼓.dwg

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操纵机构.dwg

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18马力轮式拖拉机的半轴与制动器设计

摘  要

本次设计是在理论的探讨研究下，充分吸收已有成熟产品优点的基础上进一步加以改进。本次设计最大的创新点：对制动器结构进一步改善，采用一种加箍制动鼓改善了制动鼓本体的结构强度、受力和散热条件，延长了制动鼓使用寿命，提高了行车的安全性。

拖拉机制动器的布置方式分为半轴制动和轮边制动，此设计结合小型拖拉机的结构、传动形式等采用轮边制动，后轮制动。通过对各种制动器方案和鼓式制动器的结构形式进行综合的对比和性能分析，最终采取领从蹄式鼓式制动器。由给出的主要技术数据求出最大制动力矩；通过对制动器及主要部件的受力分析、性能分析比较来优化结构尺寸。加箍制动器是为在制动器外部加一个外筒。并对制动器内主要部件进行验算。操纵机构为机械式，驻车制动与行车制动装置一体，行车制动装置用作强制行驶中的拖拉机减速或停车，使拖拉机在下坡时保持适当的稳定车速。并通过理论推导和计算对制动距离进行分析，计算出踏板行程。半轴选取全浮式，长度由轮距和主减速器确定，再计算出半轴强度。

关键词：行车制动，驻车制动，制动力矩，制动鼓，摩擦衬片，

领从蹄式制动器

18 HORSEPOWER WHEELED TRACTOR

REAR AXLES AND BRAKE DESIGN

ABSTRACT

This design is based on the theory of studies. It has been fully assimilated the advantages of mature products and then was further improved. The greatest innovations of the design are: Firstly, the brake structure was further improved. Secondly, a hoop Brake Drum improved the ontology of the structural strength, force and heat conditions. Therefore, it extended the service life of the brake drums, and it improved the traffic safety.

The layout of  tractor brake I made up by Semiaxle brake and wheel braking. The design combines the structure of small tractor, Transmission format, etc, using wheel brakes, rear-wheel brake. Through the analysis and comparison of various brake programs and drum brake structure, eventually, I take the leadership shoe drum brake. Given by the main technical data, I can obtain the maximum braking torque. Through the Analysis of the brake, the major components and the performance Analysis, I optimize the structure size. A Hoop brake is to add an external foreign extinguishers around the brake and check the major components. Manipulation of the mechanical bodies is mechanical style. Car braking is in line with the braking device. And the vehicular braking device is used for the mandatory moving tractor′s deceleration or stops, consequently, when the tractor downhill ,it can maintain the appropriate speed stability. And through the conclusion and calculation of theory and the analysis of braking distance, then the pedal trip can be calculated. The semiaxle is full-floated, and its length depends on the distance of tires and the main reducer, then the axis intensity can also be calculated.

KEY WORD： The driving applies the brake，applies the brake in thevehicle，brake drum, braking moment，axles，series-connected double cavity pump

目  录

第一章  前言1

第二章  制动系的设计2

§2.1概述2

§2.1.1制动器的工作情3

§2.1.2制动系的设计要求3

§2.2 制动器的结构形式及选择5

  §2.2.1结构方案分析5

 §2.2.2鼓式制动器的结构型式及选择6

§2.3 制动系的主要参数及其选择10

§2.3.1拖拉机部分整机参数的确定10

§2.3.2制动力矩的确定11

§2.3.3制动器的制动因数及其敏感度13

§2.3.4鼓式制动器的机构参数14

第三章  制动器的设计计算18

§3.1制动蹄摩擦面的压力分布规律及径向变形规律18

§3.2 具有一个自由度的增势蹄摩擦片的压力分布

     规律及径向变形规律18

§3.3固定支点蹄式制动器的受力分析与计算20

§3.4制动器的制动因数及其敏感度的计算23

§3.5单个制动蹄片上的受力分析与计算23

§3.6制动蹄因数计算25

§3.7摩擦衬片的摩损特性计算28

§3.8 弹簧结构的计算30

§3.9制动器主要零件的强度计算与制动距离分析30

 §3.9.1圆锥磙子轴承的验算30

 §3.9.2驱动凸轮校核32

 §3.9.3制动距离的分析32

第四章  制动驱动机构的结构形式选择与设计计算35

§4.1制动驱动机构的结构形式的选择35

§4.2踏板力的计算35

第五章 半轴的设计与计算37

 §5.1半轴的结构形式分析37

§5.2全浮式半轴的计算37

第六章 结论39

参考文献40

致谢41