高级英语第二册习题答案(1-9).doc

Lesson One Face to face with Hurricane Camille.1. We re 23 feet above sea level.2. The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it.3. We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.4. Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity, so the lights also went out.5. Everybody go out through the back door and run to the cars.6. The electrical systems in the car had been put out by water.7. As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland.8. ()h God, please help us to get through this storm safely.9. Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and stopped.10. Janis displayed rather late the exhaustion brought about by the nervous tension caused by the hurricane.柯夏克家的屋顶一被掀走，约翰就高喊道：“快上楼一一到卧室里去!数数孩子。”在倾盆大雨中，大人们围成一圈，让孩子们紧紧地挤在中间。柯夏克老奶奶哀声切切地说道：“孩子们，咱们大家来唱支歌吧!”孩子们都吓呆了，根本没一点反应。老奶奶独个儿唱了几句，然后她的声音就完全消失了。客厅的壁炉和烟囱崩塌了下来。弄得瓦砾横飞。眼看他们栖身的那间卧室电有两面墙壁行将崩塌，约翰立即命令大伙：“进电视室去!”这是离开风头最远的一个房间。约翰用手将妻子搂了一下。詹妮丝心里明白了他的意思。由于风雨和恐惧，她不住地发抖。她一面拉过两个孩子紧贴在自己身边，一面默祷着：亲爱的上帝啊，赐给我力量，让我经受住必须经受的一切吧。她心里怨恨这场飓风。我们一定不会让它得胜。柯夏克老爹心中窝着一团火，深为自己在飓风面前无能为力而感到懊丧。也说不清为什么，他跑到一问卧室里去将一只杉木箱和一个双人床垫拖进了电视室。就在这里，一面墙壁被风刮倒了，提灯也被吹灭。另外又有一面墙壁在移动，在摇晃。查理.希尔试图以身子撑住它，但结果墙还是朝他这边塌了下来，把他的背部也给砸伤了。房子在颤动摇晃，已从地基上挪开了25英尺。整个世界似乎都要分崩离析了。“我们来把床垫竖起来!”约翰对父亲大声叫道。“把它斜靠着挡挡风。让孩子们躲到垫子下面去，我们可以用头和肩膀把垫子。” 大一点的孩子趴在地板上，小一点的一层层地压在大的身上，大人们都弯下身子罩住他们。地板倾斜了。装着那一窝四只小猫的盒子从架上滑下来，一下子就在风中消失了。斯普琪被从一个嵌板书柜顶上刮走而不见踪影了。那只狗紧闭着双眼，缩成一团。又一面墙壁倒塌了。水拍打着倾斜的地板。约翰抓住一扇还连在壁柜墙上的门，对他父亲大声叫道：“假若地板塌了，咱们就把孩子放到这块门板上面。”就在这一刹那间，风势稍缓了一些，水也不再上涨了。随后水开始退落。卡米尔号飓风的中心过去了。柯夏克一家和他们的朋友都幸存下来了。.1. main: a principal pipe or line in a distributing system for water, gas, electricity, etc.2.sit out: stay until the end e by;(American English) pay a visit 4.blow in：burst open by the storm.5.douse:put out(a light，fire，generator。etc。)quickly by pouring water over it6.kill：(American English)to cause(an engine-etc)to stop 7swath：the space covered with one cut of a scythe;a long strip 0r track 0f any kind 8bar：a measure in music；the notes between two vertical lines 0n a music sheet91eanto：a shed or other small outbuilding with a sloping roofthe upper end of which rests against the wall of another building 1 0Seabee：a member of the construction battalions of the Civil Engineer Corps of the USNavy，that build harbor facilities，airfields，etcSeabee stands for CB, short for Construction Battalion1destroy一词最为常见，主要强调破坏的力度之大和彻底，一般不带感情或修辞色彩。 demolish和raze通常用于巨大物体，如大型建筑物等。demolish常用引申义，指任何复合体的被毁，如demolish a theory with a few incisive comments。意即“用几句锋利的评语推翻某种理论”。而raze几乎无一例外地用于指建 筑物的被毁。annihilate在这些词中所表示的损坏程度最为强烈，字面 意思是“化为乌有”，但实际上往往用于指对人或物的严重 损伤。如说annihilate an enemy force，是指使敌军遭到重创，不仅没有还手之力。而且没有招架之功。如说annihilate ones opponent in a debate，是指彻底驳倒对手。2。decay常指某物自然而然地逐渐衰败腐化。如：His teeth have begun to decay(他的牙齿开始老化变坏。) rot指有机物质，如蔬菜等因菌毒感染而腐败变质，如：rotting apples(烂了的苹果)。spoil用于非正式文体，常指食物变质。如：Fish spoils quickly in summer。(鱼在夏天极易变质。)molder用于指物体缓慢、逐步地腐朽。如：Old buildings molder away(老房子渐渐腐烂了。)disintegrate意指把某物从整体变为碎片或一个个部分。如：rocks disintegrated by frost and rain(被霜和雨蚀裂成碎块的岩石)。decompose指将物质分解为其构成成分。如：Water call be decompose(be decomposed)into hydrogen and oxygen(水可分解成氧和氧。)该词还可用来替代rot，使语气略显委婉。 在给出答案之前，首先将该题中的几个语法术语解释一下。The sentence fragment：片断句。一个合乎语法的完整句子必须具有主语和谓语这两种基本成分。从结构上来说，它应该是可以独立运用的语言单位。片断句是指像短语、从句、同位语以及其他诸如此类不能够独立使用的语言单位。写作时若错误地使用标点符号将这类不能独立使用的语法结构当成句子分列出来，那便叫做片断句，练习中的第1、第3和第4句就是这样的非完整句，即片断句。 The runon sentence:误用逗号连接句。该断句的地方没有正确地使用标点符号断句，而将两个或两个以上结构上各自独立完整而又互不从属的句子融合在一起成为一个不合语法、 结构松散的句子称融合句。如果两个完整的句子中间只用逗号隔开而被错误地并成一个句子，这种句子便叫误用逗号连接句，练习中的第2句即是。The dangling modifier：垂悬修饰语。由非谓语动词(分词、动名词、不定式)组成的短语若使用不当，与其所修饰的成分没有实质上的联系，这种结构便叫垂悬修饰语。垂悬修饰语并非语法上的错误，只是修辞上的毛病，但仍应避免使用这样的结构，尤其是不要使用那些会产生歧义、引起误解的垂悬修饰语。练习中的第5、6、7、8句均含垂悬修饰语。 The illogical or faulty parallelism：误用平行句法。误用平行句法指用平行结构来表达并非平行的思想内容。这是应该避免的修辞上的毛病。不能将which或who引导的从句用and 与主句相联。关联连词(bothand，eitheror等)只能用于联接句中起同一语法作用的平行成分。练习中的第9、10、11、12句都是误用平行结构的例句。The shift in point of view：角度转换。不必要的甚至错误的角度转换是应该避免的。若非必须如此。一般不由主动语态转换成被动语态。人称及单复数也不应随便转换。练习中的第13、14、15句都是角度转换的例子。练习中的错句可改正如下：1.The basketball game was canceled because half of the players were in bed with flu2.These snakes are dangerous。However，most snakes are quite harmless3Looking out toward the horizon，she Saw only the old cabin in which Mary was born，a single cottonwood that had escaped the drought and the apparently boundless expanse of sunburned prairie4We knew that although the documents have been stolen they have not yet been seen by a foreign agent5Last year，after I had graduated from high schoolmy father put me to work in his office6To appreciate the poem，one must read it aloud71 missed that film because l had to stay home to help my mother wash clothes last Sunday8Driving across the state，one saw many beautiful lakes9Unselfish people are not only happier but also more successful1OI finally realized that my daydreaming was not making me beautiful and slender or bringing me friends11He is a man of wide experience and also of great popularity among the farmers12I am interested in electronics，which is a new field and which offers interesting opportunities 10 one who knows science13We carefully swept the room and dusted the furniture and the shelves。14If ones mouth is dry，one should eat a lump of sugar or chew gum15You must make yourself interesting to the group that listens23 to you and is constantly trying to detect your mistakesLesson Two MarrakechIV. 1. The buring-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on which a building was going to be put up. 2. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals (by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings). 3. They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name. 4. Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making. 5. Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited. 6. Every one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a piece of luxury which they could not possibly afford. 7. However, a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable. 8. If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings. 9. No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poor slum areas (for these trips 42V. would not be interesting) 10life is very hard for ninety percent of the peopleWith hard backbreaking toil they can produce a little food on the poor soil 11She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the community，that。she was only fit for doing heavy work like an animal 12People with brown skins are almost invisible 13The Senegales soldiers were wearing readymade khaki uniforms which hid their beautiful wellbuilt bodies 14How much longer before they turn their guns around and attack us?。 15Every white man，the onlookers，the officers on their horses and the white NCOsmarching with the black soldiers，had this thought hidden somewhere or other in his mind.然而这些人的真正奇特之处还在于他们的隐身的特性。一连几个星期，每天几乎在同一时候总有一队老妪扛着柴草从我房前蹒跚走过。虽然他们的身影以映入我的眼帘，但老实说，我并不曾看见她们。我所看见的是一捆捆的柴草从屋外掠过。直到有一天我碰巧走在她们身后时，堆柴草奇异的起伏动作才使我注意到原来下面有人。这才第一次看见那些与泥土同色的可怜老妪的躯体枯瘦的只剩下皮包骨头、被沉重的负荷压得弯腰驼背的躯体。然而，我踏上摩洛哥国土还不到五分钟就已注意到驴子的负荷过重，并为此感到愤怒。驴子遭到荷虐，这是无疑的事实。摩洛哥的驴子不过如一只瑞士雪山救人犬一般大小，可它驮负的货物重量在英国军队里让一头五英尺高的大骡子来驮都嫌过重。而且，它还常常是一连几个星期不卸驮鞍。尤其让人觉得可悲的是，它是世上最驯服听话的牲畜。不需要鞍辔会僵绳。它便会像狗一样更随着自己的主人。为主人拼命干上十几年活后，它便猝然倒地死去，这时，主人就把它仍进沟里，尸体未寒，其五脏六腑便被村狗扒出来吃掉。这种事情当然令人发指，可是，一般说来，人的苦难却没人理会。我并非在乱发议论，只不过是指出一个事实而已。这种人简直就是一种无影无行之物。一头背上被磨得皮破肉烂的驴子人人见了都会同情，而那驮着大捆柴草的老妇人则往往要有某种偶然因素才会受到注意。.1chant：words repeated in a monotonous tone of voice 2navvy：abbreviation of “navigator”，a British word meaning an unskilled laborer，as on canals，roads，etc 3Stow：put or hide away in a safe place 4warp：bend，curve，or twist out of shape 5self-contained：selfsufficient；having within oneself or itself all that is necessary 6wretched：poor in quality，very inferior 7mummified：thin and withered，looking like a mummy 8reachmedown：(British colloquialism)secondhand or readymade clothing 9 charger：a horse ridden in battle or on parade.1.After the British army had lost all its equipment at Dunkirk, there was only a single armored divison left to protect the home island. 2. Although the dry prairie land will drift away in dust storms, it is still being plowed for profitless wheat farming. 3. If the educational program is to succeed, it has to have more than mere financial support from the government. 4. They have wasted their natural resources, which they should have protected and conserved. 5. Soon other settlers were coming in over the first rough trail which the Caldwell family had opened. 6. The Smithsonian Institute is constantly working, with little or no publicity, for a better understanding of nature for mans benefit. 7. Queen Mary was easily shaken by passions-passions of love and of hatred and revenge. 8. For a few days I dreaded opening the door of his office. 9. Concealed by the fog of early dawn, I crawled out and made my way to the beach. 10. Leaving the door of the safe unlocked and taking the leather bag of coins, I walked down the street toward the bank. pulled, feel, goes, went, come, fe11, altered, paralyzed seemed, sagged, slobbered, settled, imagined, fired, collapse, climbed, drooping, did, jolt, knock, falling, tower, reaching, trumpeted, came, shakeLesson Three Pub Talk and the Kings English1And conversation is an activity which is found only among human beings(Animals and birds are not capable of conversation) 2Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our idea or point of view 3 In fact a person who really enjoys and is skilled at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his point of view 4People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not intimate friends for they are not deeply absorbed or engrossed in each others lives5 The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong6 These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feeding in the fields；but when we sit down at the table to eatwe call their meat beef 7 The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it difficult for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the、rulers8The English language received proper recognition and was used by the King once more9 The phrase，the Kings English，has always been used disrespectfully and jokingly by the lower classes The working people very often make fun of the proper and formal language of the educated people10 There still exists in the working people，as in the early Saxon peasants，a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class11 There is always a great danger that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to representFor example，the word “dog” is a symbol representing a kind of animalWe mustnt regard the word “dog” as being the animal itself12 Even the most educated and literate people do not use standard，formal English all the time in their conversationV 有人举出了一个人所共知，但仍值得提出来发人深思的例子。我们谈到饭桌上的肉食时用法语词，而谈到提供这些肉食的牲畜时则用盎格鲁一撒克逊词。猪圈里的活猪叫pig，饭桌上吃的猪肉便成了pork(来自法语pore)；地里放牧着的牛叫cattle，席上吃的牛肉则叫beef(来自法语boeuf)；Chicken用作肉食时变成poultry(来自法语poulet)；calf加工成肉则变成veal(来自法语vcau)。即便我们的菜单没有为了装洋耍派头而写成法语，我们所用的英语仍然是诺曼底式的英语。这一切向我们昭示了诺曼底人征服之后英国文化上所存在的深刻的阶级裂痕。撒克逊农民种地养畜，自己出产的肉自己却吃不起，全都送上了诺曼底人的餐桌。农民们只能吃到在地里乱窜的兔子。兔子肉因为便宜，诺曼底贵族自然不屑去吃它。因此，活兔子和吃的兔子肉共用rabbit这个词表示，而没有换成由法语lapin转化而来的某个词。 1. on the rocks： metaphor，comparing a marriage to a ship wrecked on the rocks2 get out of bed on the wrong side：be in a bad temper for the day (The meaning is perhaps derived from the expression “You got out of bed the wrong way” It was an ancient superstition that it was unlucky to set the left foot on the ground first on getting out of bed)3on wings：metaphor，comparing conversation to a bird flying and soaring It means the conversation soon became spirited and exciting4 turn up ones nose at：scorn；show scorn for5 into the shoes： metaphor(or more appropriately an idiomatic expression)， think as if one were wearing the shoes of the Saxon peasant，i e as if one were a Saxon peasant6 come into ones own： receive what properly belongs to one，especially acclaim or recognition 7sit up at：(colloquial)become suddenly alert and take notice ofThe following words are all borrowed from French：1冷餐2烹调 3柠檬汁4烈性甜酒 5早餐午餐 6菜谱 7沙龙客厅 8晚会 9景泰蓝 10煎鸡蛋 11餐馆老板 12保留节目，全部节目全部技能 13政变 14芭蕾舞团 15随员 16连音连络 17记忆错觉回忆 幻想 18再来一次 19放流行歌曲唱片的夜总会 20枝 形吊灯1No one knows how the conversation will go as it moves aimlessly and desultorily or as it becomes spirited and exciting.2. It is not a matter of interest if they are cross or in a bad temper.3. Bar friends, although they met each other frequently, did not delve into each others lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings. 4. Suddenly a miraculous change in the conversation took place. 5. The conversation suddenly became spirited and exciting. 6. We ought to think as the Saxon peasants did at that time. 7. The Elizabethan writers spread the English language far and wide. 8. I have always had an eager interest in dictionaries. 9. Otherwise one will tie up the conversation and will not let it go on freely.10. We would never have talked about Australia, or the language barrier in the time of the Norman Conquest.Lesson Four Inaugural AddressIV. 1. Our ancestors fought a revolutionary war to maintain that all men were created equal and God had given them certain unalienable rights which no state or ruler could take away from them. But today this issue has not yet been decided in many countries around the world. 2. This much we promise to do and we promise to do more. 3. United and working together we can accomplish a lot of things in a great number of joint undertakings. 4. We will not allow any enemy country to subvert this peaceful revolution which brings hope of progress to all our countries. 5. The United Nations is our last and best hope of survival in an age where the instruments of war have far surpassed the instruments of peace. 6. We pledge to help the United Nations enlarge the area in which its authority and mandate would continue to be in effect or in force. 7. before the terrible forces of destruction, which science can now release, overwhelm mankind; before this self-destruction, which may be planned or brought about by an accident, takes place 8. Yet both groups of nations are trying to change as quickly as possible this uncertain balance of terrible military power which restrains each group from launching mankinds final war. 9. So let us start once again (to discuss and negotiate)and let us remember that being polite is not a sign of weakness. 10. Let both sides try to call forth the wonderful things that science can do for mankind instead of the frightful things it can do. 11. Americans of every generation have been called upon to prove their loyalty to their country (by fighting and dying for their countrys cause). 12.Let history finally judge whether we have done our task welt or not, but our sure reward will be a good con-science for we will have worked sincerely and to the best of our ability.如今那号角又在召唤我们了。它不是在号召我们扛起武器一一尽管我们也需要武器，不是在号召我们去参战尽管我们也准备应战，而是在号召我们肩负起一场长期的艰苦斗争的重任，年复一年，“忍受困苦，向往未来”，为反对人类共同的敌人暴政、贫困、疾病以及战争本身而斗争。我们能否建立一个把东西南北联在一起的伟大的全球联盟来对付这些敌人，以确保人类享有更为富有成效的生活呢?你是否愿意参加这一具有历史意义的行动呢? 在世界漫长的历史上，只有少数几代人能在自由面临极大危险的时刻被赋予保卫自由的任务。在这一重任面前，我不退缩，我欢迎这一重任。我认为我们中间不会有人愿意与别人或另一代人调换位置。我们从事这一事业的那种精力、信念和献身精神将照耀我们的国家和一切为此出力的人们。这一火焰所发出的光芒将真正照亮这个世界。因此，美国同胞们，你们应该问的不是你们的国家能为你们做些什么，而是你们自己能为你们的国家做些什么。和我处在同样地位的世界各国的公民们，你们应该问的不是美国会为你们做些什么，而是我们一起能为人类自由做些什么。 .1.prescribe, set down or impose 2.mortal: of man (as a being who must eventually die) 3.at issue, in dispite; still to be decided 4.disciplined, received training that developed self-control and character 5.committed, bound by promise, pledged 6.undoing : abolishing 7. at odds: .in disagreement ; quarreling split asunder : split apart ; disunited 8. iron: cruel; merciless 9. bounds: chains; fetters 10. invective: a violent verbal attack; strong criticism, insuits, curses, etc. 11. writ : (archaic) a formal written document ; specifically, a legal instrument in letter form issued under seal in the name of the English monarch from AngloSaxon times to declare its grants，wishes and commands(Here it refers to the United Nations Charter) run：continue in effect or force 12stays：restrains 13tap：draw upon or make use of 14bear：take on；sustain1pay a price 7tay the(ocean)depths 2bear a burden 8encourage teh arts 3pledge(ones)word 9forge a(great)alliance 4explore the stars 1 Osupport friends 5conquer the deserts 11oppose foes 6eradicate disease l 2formulate proposals. Para. 1: 1) First 2) for example 3) on the other hand 4) second 5) For instance 6) In particular 7) Last908) For these three reasons Para. 2: 1) indeed 2) also 3) thus 4) Later 5) But 6) So 7) Before long 8) at last 9) Then