南昌工程学院外语系08语言学试卷A卷.doc

Part I Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully and put the letter A,B,C or D in the brackets. (2%20=40%)1. Saussure took a (n)_ view of language, while Chomsky looks at language from a _ point of view.A. sociologicalpsychological B. psychologicalsociologicalC. applied pragmatic D. semantic linguistic2. Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. This feature is called_.A. displacement B. duality C. flexibility D. cultural transmission3. Since /p/ and /b/ are phonetically similar, occur in the same environments and they can distinguish meaning, they are said to be _.A. in phonemic contrast B. in complementary distributionC. the allophones D. minimal pair4. _is one of the supersegmental features.A. Stop B. Voicing C. Deletion D. Tone5. “-s” in the word “books” is _. A. a derivative affix B. a stem C. an inflectional affix D. a root6. _b_ are often thought to be the smallest meaningful units of language by the linguists. A. Words B. Morphemes C. Phonemes D. Sentences 7. Syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionally called _a_.A. transformational rules B. generative rulesC. phrase structure rules D. x-bar theory8. “We shall know a word by the company it keeps.” This statement represents _b_.A. the conceptualist view B. contexutalismC. the naming theory D. behaviourism9The pair of words “alive” and “dead” are _c_.A. gradable antonyms B. relational oppositesC. complementary antonyms D. None of the above10. “Can I borrow your bike?” _d_ “ You have a bike.”A. is synonymous with B. is inconsistent withC. entails D. presupposes11. The word “liquor” in contemporary English is an alcoholic drink, but it was once synonymous with “liquid”, be it alcoholic or not. The phenomenon is called semantic _b_.A. broadening B. narrowing C. entailment D. shift12. If we think of a sentence as what people actually utter in the course of communication, it becomes a(n) _c_. A. constative B. directive C. utterance D. expressive13The speech act theory was first put forward by _b_.A. John Searle. B. John Austin. C. Noam Chomsky. D. M.A.K. Halliday.14A(n)_b_act is the act of expressing the speakers intention, it is the act performed in saying something. A. locutionary B. illocutionary C. perlocutionary D. speech15When any of the maxims under the cooperative principle is flouted, _d_ might arise.A. impoliteness B. contradictionsC. mutual understanding D. conversational implicatures16_a_ is mainly concerned with both the description and explanation of language changes that occurred over time.A. Historical linguistics B. corpus linguistics. C. sociolinguistics D. psycholinguistics17. A special language variety that mixes languages and is used by speakers of different languages for purposes of trading is called_c_.A. dialect. B. idiolect. C. pidgin. D. register.18. The word “ brunch” is formed through d . A. backformation B.clipping C. derivation D. blending19. Thec view holds that language develops as a result of the complex interplay between the human characteristics of the child and the environment in which the child develops. c A. behaviorist B. innatist C. interactionist D. cognitive20.Which one isnt the stages in child language development? dA. Phonological development B. Vocabulary development C. Grammatical development D. Atypical developmentPart II. True or false. (1%10=10%)1. Linguistics studies particular language, not languages in general.F2. The distinction between competence and performance was proposed by F. de Saussure. F3. Parole refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community. F4. Just as a phoneme is the basic unit in the study of phonology, so is a morpheme the basic unit in the study of morphology. T5. A noun phrase must contain a noun, but other elements are optional .F6. The history of the English language is divided into the periods of Old English, Middle English and Modern English. F7The social group that is singled out for any special study is called speech variety. F8. Language reflects sexism in society. Language itself is not sexist, just as it is not obscene; but it can connote sexist attitudes as well as attitudes about social taboos or racism. T9. Chomsky proposed that human beings are born with an innate ability known as Language Acquisition Device, or LAD. T10. Neurolinguistics is the study of two related areas: language disorders and the relationship between the brain and language. TPart III. Define the following terms。 (3%5=15%)1. language2. morphology 3. syntax4. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis5. second language acquisitionPart IV Answer the following questions briefly. (15%) 1. What is a phone? How is it different from a phoneme? How are allophones related to a phoneme? (5%)2. What are the four maxims of the CP? (5%)3. What is a register? Please use Hallidays register theory to analyze: (5%)A lecture on linguistics in a language college.Part V. Analysis. (20%)1. According to the following directions to analyze these linguistic phenomena.(10%)(1) A: The train would arrive. (Draw a tree structure) (2%)B: What did Tom bring to the party? (Give the deep structure and the surface structure) (4%)(2) Analyze the following words in terms of componential analysis ( 2%)A: man B: girl (3) Analyze the following sentences in terms of prediction analysis .( 2%)A: The trees grow well.B: The man sells ice-cream.2.What are the functions of language? Think of some examples for illustration. (10%)Answer Sheet题号 题号Part IPart IIPart IIIPart IVPart V总分统分人题分4010151520100得分Part I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully and put the letter A,B,C or D in the brackets. (2%20=40%) 得分| |阅卷人| 题号12345678910答案题号11121314151617181920答案Part II. True or false. (1%10=10%) 得分| |阅卷人| 题号12345678910答案Part III Define the following terms (3%5=15%) 得分| |阅卷人| 1. language2. morphology 3. syntax4. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis5. second language acquisitionPart IV Answer the following questions briefly. (15%) 得分| |阅卷人| 1. What is a phone? How is it different from a phoneme? How are allophones related to a phoneme? (5%)2. What are the four maxims of the CP? (5%)3. What is a register? Please use Hallidays register theory to analyze: A lecture on linguistics in a language college. (5%)Part V. Analysis. (20%) 得分| |阅卷人| 1. According to the following directions to analyze these linguistic phenomena.(10%)(1) A: The train would arrive. (Draw a tree structure) (2%)B: What did Tom bring to the party? (Give the deep structure and the surface structure) (4%)(2) Analyze the following words in terms of componential analysis ( 2%)A: man B: girl (3) Analyze the following words in terms of prediction analysis .( 2%)A: the trees grow well.B: The man sells ice-cream.2.What are the functions of language? Think of some examples for illustration. (10%)2008级英语（本科）语言学导论参考答案Part I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully and put the letter A,B,C or D in the brackets. (2%20=40%) 1-5. AAADC 6-10. BABCD11-16. BCBBD 16-20. ACDCDPart II. True or false. (1%10=10%)1-5 FFFTF 6-10 FFTTTPart III. Define the following terms。 (3%5=15%)1Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.2Morphology refers to the study of the internal structure of words, and the rules by which words are formed.3. Syntax is a branch of linguistics that studies the rules that govern the formation of sentences.4. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis: a theory put forward by the American anthropological linguists Sapir and Whorf which states that language filters peoples perception and the way they categorize their experience.5. second language acquisition: formally established itself as a discipline around the 1970s, refers to the systematic study of how one person acquires a second language subsequent to his native language.Part IV Answer the following questions briefly. (15%) 1. What is a phone? How is it different from a phoneme? How are allophones related to a phoneme? (5%)A “phone” is a phonetic unit or segment. The speech sounds we hear and produce during linguistic communication are all phones. A “phoneme” is a phonological unit; it is a unit that is of distinctive value. As an abstract unit, a phoneme is not any particular sound, but rather it is represented or realized by a certain phone in a certain phonetic context.(3%) The phones representing a phoneme are called its “allophones”, i. e., the different (i.e., phones) but do not make one word so phonetically different as to create a new word or a new meaning thereof. So the differentps in the above words are the allophones of the same phonemep. How a phoneme is represented by a phone, or which allophone is to be used, is determined by the phonetic context in which it occurs. (2%)2. What are the four maxims of the CP? (5%)A. QuantityMake your contribution as informative as is required (for the current purposes of the exchange). Do not make your contribution more informative than is required. (1%)B. Quality Try to make your contribution one that is true. Do not say what you believe to be false.Do not say that for which you lack adequate evidence. (1%)C. Relation Be relevant. (1%)D. Manner Be perspicuous. Avoid obscurity of expression.Avoid ambiguity. Be brief (avoid unnecessary prolixity).Be orderly. (2%)3. What is a register? Please use Hallidays register theory to analyze: (5%)A lecture on linguistics in a language college.The type of language which is selected as appropriate to the type of situation is a register. (1%)Halliday further distinguishes three social variables that determine the register: field of discourse, tenor of discourse, and mode of discourse. (1%)Field: scientific(linguistics) (1%)Tenor: teacher-students(formal, polite) (1%)Mode: oral(academic lecturing) (1%)Part V. Analysis. (20%) 1. According to the following directions to analyze these linguistic phenomena.(10%)(1) A: The train would arrive. (Draw a tree structure) (2%)B: What did Tom bring to the party? (Give the deep structure and the surface structure) (4%)(2) Analyze the following words in terms of componential analysis ( 2%)A: man +HUMAN,+ADULT,+ ANIAMTE,+MALE B: girl +HUMAN,-ADULT,+ ANIAMTE,-MALE (3) Analyze the following words in terms of prediction analysis .( 2%)A: the trees grow well. TREE(GROW)B: The man sells ice-cream. MAN, ICE-CREAM(SELL)2.What are the functions of language? Think of some examples for illustration. (10%)(1) The main functions are: the descriptive function, the expressive function, and the social function.A: The descriptive function is to convey factual information, which can be asserted or denied, and in some cases even verified, e.g. “The Sichuan earthquake is the most serious one China even even suffered”.B: The expressive function: supplies information about the users feelings, preferences,prejudices, and values,e.g. “I will never go camping”C: The social function: referred to as the interpersonal function,serves to establish and maintain social relations between people, e.g. “How can I help you?”(3%)(2) the linguist Roman Jakobson identifies six elements of a speech event and relates each one of them to one specific language function.A: Addresser-EmotiveThe addresser expresses his attitude to the topic or sit