经济学专业术语2010.doc

经济学专业术语the nature of the firmPrice mechanism 价格机制Transaction costs 交易成本Entrepreneur 企业家Exchange transaction 交换交易Sales tax 销售税monopoly gain 垄断收益factors of production 生产要素diminishing returns of management 管理收益递减market transaction 市场交易marketing cost 营销成本spatial distribution 空间分布combination 合并(when transactions which were previous organized by two or more entrepreneurs become organized by one)integration 一体化 (when it involves the organization of transactions which were previously carried out between the entrepreneurs on a market)(p.45) (a firm can expand in either or both of these two ways.)specialized exchange economy 专业化交换经济the division of labour 劳动分工specialization 专业化uncertainty 不确定性collusion 勾结forecasting 预测，预期relative price 相对价格economic system 经济体制，经济制度perfect competition 完全竞争imperfect competition 不完全竞争marginal cost 边际成本dynamic factors 动态因素a theory of moving equilibrium 移动均衡理论，动态均衡理论marginal product of entrepreneur 企业家的边际产品The Role of Monetary Policymonetary policy 货币政策The Great Contraction 大收缩liquidity preference 流动偏好depression 萧条fiscal policy 财政政策rigidity of wages 工资刚性deflation policy 通货紧缩政策monetary authority 货币当局Federal Reserve System 联邦储备系统aggregate demand 总需求fine tuning 微调prompt adjustment 即刻调整government bonds 政府债券pioneering capital 创业资本full employment 充分就业money market 货币市场speculation 投机interest rate 利息率unemployment 失业financial community 金融集团the quantity of money 货币数量liquidity preferences schedule 流动性偏好图demand for loans 贷款需求cyclical adjustment process 周期性调节过程price expectation effect 价格预期效应nominal interest rate 名义利率real interest rate 实际利率natural interest rate 自然利率Fisher effect 费雪效应capital formation 资本形成natural rate of unemployment 自然失业率Walrasian system of general equilibrium equations 瓦尔拉一般均衡公式体系anticipations 预期job vacancies 工作空职real magnitude 实际量值monetary expansion 货币扩张the creation of money 货币创造Gold standard 金本位制surplus or deficits 顺差或逆差tariffs and quotas 关税或限额stagnation 停滞federal budget 联邦预算monetary stability 货币稳定exchange rate 汇率floating exchange rates 浮动汇率monetary total 货币总量monopoly 垄断inflationary gap 通胀缺口aggregate demand 总需求Phillips curve 菲利普斯曲线money illusion 货币幻觉disequilibrium 非均衡voluntary unemployment 自愿失业stickiness of money wages 货币工资粘性bargain 议价decentralized economy 非集中的经济labor supply functions 劳动供给函数involuntary unemployment 非自愿失业Neoclassical equilibrium 新古典均衡comparative statics 比较静态scale of exogenous monetary variables 外生货币变量比例static equilibrium 静态均衡irrationality 非理性Phillips doctrine 菲利普斯学说Natural rate doctrine 自然率学说transitional effect 转移效应marginal productivity 边际生产率full information 完全信息，充分信息mechanics of adjustment 调节机制stochastic variables 随机变量cost of mobility 流动成本frictional unemployment 摩擦性失业the mean duration of unemployment 平均失业时间长度inflation illusion 通胀幻觉Over-estimation of real wages 实际工资的高估substitution effect 替代效应income effect 收入效应under-estimation of price inflation 价格通胀的低估capital stocks 资本存量congestion theory 阻塞理论external effect 外部效应deadweight loss 绝对亏损，沉重损失suboptimal 次优stochastic macro-equilibrium 随机宏观均衡heterogeneous markets 异质的市场monotonic function 单调函数asymmetry 不对称relative wages 相对工资monopoly 垄断oligopoly 寡占mark-ups 标高（价格）administered price 规定价格econometric evidence 经济计量证明currency 通货demand deposits 活期存款financial assets 金融资产reparations 赔款hyper-inflation 过度通货膨胀anti-inflation 反通胀purchasing power 购买力pension funds 年金基金Pigou Effect 庇古效应human capital 人力资本social utility 社会效用government regulations 政府管制， 政府规制，政府调节government intervention 政府干预government management 政府管理welfare macroeconomics 福利宏观经济学other readingsEconomics 经济学 current income 现期收入 Future income 远期收入 econometrics 经济计量学positive economics 实证经济学 normative economics 规范经济学net gains 净利 economic rationality 经济理性institutionalist school 制度学派 neoclassical school 新古典学派maximum profit 最大化利润decision maker 决策人 revenue 岁收comparative statics 比较静态 partial equilibrium 局部均衡 general equilibrium 一般均衡 heterogeneous 异质 technological progress 技术进步scarce 稀缺 barter 易货，物物交换 medium of exchange 交换媒介 economic system 经济体制Probabilistic laws 概率律 substitutes 替代品Resource allocation 资源配置 competition 竞争delivery time 交货时间 decision making 决策 distribution 分配equilibrium price 均衡价格 equilibrium quantity 均衡产量Factor input 生产要素，投入要素 shortage 短缺radical economists 激进经济学家dynamics 动态学 anti-trust law 反托拉斯法 marginal analysis 边际分析 functional relationship 函数关系 merger 兼并 acquisition