21世纪大学英语读写教程第四册ReadingAloud.doc

Unit 1If great achievers share anything,said Simonton,it is an unrelenting drive to succeed.Theres a tendency to think that they are endowed with something super-normal,he explained.But what comes out of the research is that there are great people who have no amazing intellectual processes.Its a difference in degree.Greatness is built upon tremendous amounts of study,practice and devotion. He cited Winston Churchill,Britains prime minister during World War 2,as an example of a risk-taker who would never give up.Thrust into office when his countrys morale was at its lowest,Churchill rose brilliantly to lead the British people.In a speech following the Allied evacuation at Dunkirk in 1940,he inspired the nation when he said,We shall not flag or fail.We shall go on to the end. We shall never surrender.Unit 2Some persons refrain from expressing their gratitude because they feel it will not be welcome.A patient of mine,a few weeks after his discharge from the hospital,came back to thank his nurse.I didnt come back sooner,he explained,because I imagined you must be bored to death with people thanking you. On the contrary,she replied,I am delighted you came.Few realize how much we need encouragement and how much we are helped by those who give it. Gratitude is something of which none of us can give too much.For on the smiles,the thanks we give,our little gestures of appreciation,our neighbors build up their philosophy of life.Unit 3 The normal Western approach to a problem is to fight it. The saying ,“when the going gets tough ,the tough get going,”is typical of this aggressive attitude towards problem-solving. No matter what the problem is or the techniques available for solving it, the frame work produce bu our Western way of thinking is fight. Dr.de Bono calls this vertical thinking: the traditional ,sequential, Aristotelian thinking of logic, moving firmly from one step to the next, like toy blocks is incorrectly placed ,then the whole structure collapses. Impasse is reached, and frustration, tension, feeling of fight take over. Later thinking, Dr.de Bono says, is a new technique of thinking about thingsa technique that avoids this fight altogether, and solves the problem in an entirely unexpected fashion. Lateral thinking sounds simple. And it is. Once you have solved a problem laterally, you wonder how you could ever have been hung up on it. The key is making that vital shift in emphasis, that sidestepping of the problem, instead of attacking it head-on. Dr.A.A.Bridger, psychiatrist at Columbia University and in private practice in New York, explains how lateral thinking works with his patients, “Many people come to me wanting to stop smoking, for instance,”he says. “Most people fail when they are trying to stop smoking because they wind up telling themselves,No，I will not smoke; no, I shall not smoke; no, I will not; no, I cannot .”Its a fight and what happens is you end up smoking more.“So instead of looking at the problem from the old way of no, and fighting it, I show them a whole new point of viewthat you are your bodys keeper, and your body is something though which you experience life. If you stop thinking about it, theres really something helpless about your body. It can do nothing for itself. It has no choice, it is like a babys body. You begin then a whole new way of looking at itI am going to take care of myself, and give myself some respect and protection, by no smoking.” Unit 4When a students work did not measure up to the teachers expectations,as often happened,the student was not treated with disappointment,anger,or annoyance.Instead,the teacher assumed that this was an exception,an accident,a bad day,a momentary slip-and the student believed her and felt reassured.The next time around,he tried harder,determined to live up to what the teacher knew he could do. The exact part of communication that tells a child,I expect the best,is difficult to pinpoint.In part it consists of a level tone showing assurance,a lack of verbal impatience,an absence of negative qualities such as irony,put-downs,and irritation.The teacher who expects the best asks her questions with conviction,knowing the answers she gets will be right,and the child picks up that conviction.Unit 5 I have often reflected upon the new vistas that reading opened to me. I knew right there in prison that reading had changed forever the course of my life. As I see it today, the ability to read awoke inside me some long dormant craving to be mentally alive. I certainly wasnt seeking any degree, the way a college confers a status symbol upon its students. My homemade education gave me, with every additional book that I read, a little bit more sensitivity to the deafness that was afflicting the black race in America. Not long ago, an English writer telephoned me from London, asking questions. One was,“Whats your alma matter ?”I told him,“Books.”You will never catch me with a free fifteen minutes in which Im not studying something I feel might be able to help the black man . Unit 6EQ is not the opposite of IQ.Some people are blessed with a lot of both,some with little of either.What reseachers have been trying to understand is how they complement each other,how ones ability to handle stress,for instance,affects the ability to concentrate and put intelligence to use.Among the ingredients for success,researchers now generally agree that IQ counts for about 20%,the rest depends on everything from class to luck to the neural pathways that have developed in the brain over millions of years of human evolution.Unit 7As a child,I identified so strongly with my mother that