2016年职称英语考试理工B试题答案解析.docx

2016年职称英语考试理工B试题答案解析一、词汇选项。下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有下划线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。（第115题，每题1分，共15分）1.【题干】The revelation of his past led to his resignation.【选项】 AimaginationBdisclosureCconfirmationDrecall【答案】B2.【题干】Jensen is dangerous man, and can be very brutal.【选项】 AcarelessBcruelCstrongDhard【答案】B3.【题干】Youll have to sprint if you want to catch the train.【选项】 AjumpBescapeCrunDprepare【答案】C4.【题干】We are worried about this fluid situation full with uncertainty.【选项】 AchangebleBstableCsuitableDadaptable【答案】A5.【题干】The new garment fits her perfectly.【选项】 AhaircutBpurseCclothesDnecklace【答案】C6.【题干】The phobia may have its root in a childhood trauma.【选项】 AfearBjoyChurtDmemory【答案】C7.【题干】They have built canals to irrigate the desert.【选项】 AdecorateBwaterCchangeDvisit【答案】B8.【题干】Her overall language proficiency remains that of a toddler.【选项】 AdisabledBpupilCteenagerDbaby【答案】D9.【题干】The coastal area has very mild winter, but the central plains remain extremely cold.【选项】 AwarmBsevereChardDdry【答案】A10.【题干】The details of the costume were totally authentic.【选项】 ArealBoutstandingCcreativeDfalse【答案】A11.【题干】We are aware of the potential problems.【选项】 AglobalBpossibleCongoingDcentral【答案】B12.【题干】The idea was quite brilliant.【选项】 ApositiveBcleverCkeyDoriginal【答案】B13.【题干】Stock market price tumbled after rumor of a rise in interest rate.【选项】 AregulatedBincreasedCmaintainedDfell【答案】D14.【题干】The course gives you basic instruction in car maintenance.【选项】 AcoachingBideaCtermDaspect【答案】A15.【题干】All houses within 100 meters of the seas are at risk of flooding. 【选项】 Ain dangerBout of controlCbetween equalsDin particular【答案】A二、阅读判断。下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。（第1622题，每题1分，共7分）The Theory of EveryoneIf Stephen Hawking lives until the year 2017, he will have lived more than 50 years longer than his doctors expected. When he was a college student, doctors discovered that he had a rare disease. This disease causes a gradual disintegration（分解）of the nerve cells in the brain cells that regulate voluntary muscle activity. Death almost always occurs within two or three years.Today Stephen Hawking cannot walk or speak. He cannot move his arms or his head. He cannot taste or smell anything. And yet this man is Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University, a position held by the famous scientist Isaac Newton in 1669.Hawking is often described as the greatest scientist since Albert Einstein, but to the world outside science, he is also known as the man who made scientific theory understandable. His book, A Brief History of Time, has sold over eight million copies.He says that since he does not have to think about his body or do any of the things other men have to worry about, such as washing the car or working in the yard, he can dedicate all of his time to thinking. This puts him in the perfect position to find the answer to the question that he has dedicated his life to. His question is: Is there a complete theory of the universe and everything in it?Despite his tremendous physical disabilities, he has already made some very important discoveries about the origin of the universe, how the universe holds together, and how it will probably end. He has also been able to explain the secrets of “black holes” in space. Now he is looking for a set of rules that everything in our universe must obey. He calls it the Theory of Everything. He thinks that someone will have found the answer within the next 20 years.If Stephen Hawking is able to find his Theory of Everything, he will have given the world the opportunity to understand things that will change the whole nature of science and probably also the way we live.If Stephen Hawking lives until the year 2017, he will have lived more than 50 years longer than his doctors expected.16【题干】Stephen Hawking will be 50 years old by 2017.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned【答案】B17【题干】Stephen Hawking suffers from a rare brain disease.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned【答案】A18【题干】Stephen Hawking is Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned【答案】A19【题干】A Brief History of Time is very difficult for students to understand.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned【答案】B20【题干】Stephen Hawking has much time to think because he doesnt have to work.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned【答案】A21【题干】Stephen Hawking has spent around ten years explaining the secrets ofARightBWrongCNot mentioned【答案】C22【题干】The Theory of Everything is about the rules that everything in the universe follows.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned【答案】A三、概括大意与完成句子。下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个标题；（2）第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。（第2330题，每题1分，共8分）Geothermal（地热）Energy1 Since heat naturally moves from hotter regions to cooler ones, the heat from the earths center flows outwards towards the surface. In this way, it transfers to the next layer of rock. If the temperature is high enough, some of this rock melts and forms magma（岩浆）. The magma ascends in its turn towards the earths surface. It often remains well below the earths surface, creating vast areas of hot rock. In such regions, there are deep cracks, which allow rainwater to descend underground. Some of the heated rainwater travels back up to the earths surface where it will appear as a hot spring. However, if this ascending hot water reaches a layer of impermeable（不可渗透的）rock, it remains trapped, forming a geothermal reservoir. If geothermal reservoirs are close enough to the surface, they can be reached by drilling wells. Hot water and steam shoot up the wells naturally, and can be used to produce electricity in geothermal power plants.2.A few geothermal power plants depend on dry-stem reservoirs which produce steam but little or no water. In these cases, the steam is piped up directly to provide the power to spin a turbine generator. The first geothermal power plant, constructed at Lardarello in Italy, was of this type, and is still producing electricity today.3.Most currently operating geothermal power plants are either flash steam plants or binary（双重的）plants. Flash plants produce mainly hot water ranging in temperature from 300 to 700Fahrenheit. This water is passed through one or two separators where released from the pressure of the underground reservoir, it flashes or boils into steam Again, the force of this steam provides the energy to spin the turbine and produce electricity. The geothermal water and steam are then reinjected directly back down into the earth to maintain the volume and pressure of the reservoir. Gradually they will be reheated and can then be used again.4.A reservoir with temperatures below 300 Fahrenheit is not hot enough to flash steam but it can still be used to generate electricity in binary fluid. The steam from this is used to power the turbines. As in the flash steam plant, the geothermal water is recycled back into the reservoir.23.【题干】Paragraph1_【选项】 ADry steam plantsBBinary plantsCOrigin of geothermal energyDGeneration of electricityEFlash steam plantsFRecyclable water and steam【答案】C24【题干】Paragraph2_【选项】 ADry steam plantsBBinary plantsCOrigin of geothermal energyDGeneration of electricityEFlash steam plantsFRecyclable water and steam【答案】A25【题干】Paragraph3_【选项】 ADry steam plantsBBinary plantsCOrigin of geothermal energyDGeneration of electricityEFlash steam plantsFRecyclable water and steam【答案】E26【题干】Paragraph4_【选项】 ADry steam plantsBBinary plantsCOrigin of geothermal energyDGeneration of electricityEFlash steam plantsFRecyclable water and steam【答案】F27.【题干】A geothermal reservoir is formed when hot water is trapped under _.【选项】 Athe energy to turn a turbineBimpermeable rockCone or two separatorsDturbine operatorElittle or no waterFhot springs【答案】B28.【题干】A dry-steam reservoir produces steam with _.【选项】 Athe energy to turn a turbineBimpermeable rockCone or two separatorsDturbine operatorElittle or no waterFhot springs【答案】E29.【题干】Flash plants produce hot water through _.【选项】 Athe energy to turn a turbineBimpermeable rockCone or two separatorsDturbine operatorElittle or no waterFhot springs【答案】C30.【题干】In a binary plant, the heat of the geothermal water can be converted into _.【选项】 Athe energy to turn a turbineBimpermeable rockCone or two separatorsDturbine operatorElittle or no waterFhot springs【答案】A四、阅读理解。下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。（第3145题，每题3分，共45分）Smart Windows1.Windows not only let light in to cut down an electricity use for lighting, but the light coming through the window also provides heat. However, windows are not something people typically associate with being a cutting edge technology. Researchers are now working on new technologies that enable a window to quickly change from clear to dark and anywhere in between easily.2.It took us a long time to figure out what a window really is, says Claes Granqvist. Hes a professor of solid-state physics at Uppsala University in Sweden. Its contact with the outside world. You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well. So, windows and natural light are important for improving the way people feel when theyre stuck indoors.3.Yet, windows are the weak link in a building when it comes to energy and temperature control. In the winter, cold air leaks in. When its hot and sunny, sunlight streams in. All of this sunlight carries lots of heat and energy. And all of this extra heat forces people to turn on their air conditioners. Producing cold air, which can feel so refreshing（使人清新的）, actually suck up enormous amounts of electricity in buildings around the world.4.Windows have been a major focus of energy research for a long time. Over the years, scientists have come up with a variety of strategies for coating, glazing（用玻璃覆盖）, and layering windows to make them more energy efficient. Smart windows go a step further. They use some chromogenic（发色的）technologies involving changes of color.5.Electrochromic（电致色的） windows use electricity to change color. For example, a sheet of glass coated with thin layers of tungsten oxide（氧化钨）works a bit like a battery. Tungsten oxide is clear when an electric charge is applied and dark when the charge is removed, that is, when the amount of voltage（电压）is decreased, the window darkens until its completely dark after all electricity is taken away. So applying a voltage determines whether the window looks clear or dark.6.One important feature that makes a smart window so smart is that it has a sort of memory. All it takes is a small shock of voltage to turn the window from one state to the other. Then, it stays that way. Transitions take from 10 seconds to a few minutes, depending on the size of the window. The development of smart windows could mean that massive air conditioning systems may no longer need. In the future, Granqvist says, our buildings may look different.31.【题干】Which of the following values of windows is NOT mentioned?【选项】 AThey let light in to brighten the house.BThey let light in to heat the house.CThey let us have visual contact with the surrounding world.DThey let us think about the outside world.【答案】D32.【题干】The expression when it comes to in Paragraph 3 is used to_.【选项】 Asignal the arrival of a guest.Bindicate the recovery of consciousness.Cshow our understanding of something.Dintroduce a new aspect of a topic.【答案】D33.【题干】According to Paragraph 4, smart windows are the windows that_.【选项】 Aare costed.Bare glazed.Chave several layers.Dcan change color.【答案】D34.【题干】Which paragraph gives an account of the way electrochromic windows changing?【选项】 AParagraph 5.BParagraph 3.CParagraph 4.DParagraph 6.【答案】A35.【题干】A smart windows is smart mainly because_.【选项】 Ait can change its size.Bit can change its structure.Cit can change the voltage of electricity.Dit has a sort of memory.【答案】DSports Star Yao MingIf Yao Ming is not the biggest sports star in the world, he is almost certainly the tallest. At 2.26m, he is the tallest player in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and holds the record as the most towering Olympian ever to compete in the Games.But what really stands out about the giant center is his celebrity（名气）. Few, if any, Chinese athletes are as well-known as Yao around the world. People across the globe are fascinated with Yao, not only for his basketball prowess（杰出的才能）also for being a symbol of international commerce.When Yao joined the Houston Rockets as the No.1 pick in the 2002 NBA draft（选抜）， he was the first international player ever to be selected first. His assets on the court are clear enoughno NBA player of his size has ever possessed his mobility, so he is a handful（难对付的人）for opponents on either end of the court. But what makes Yao invaluable to the Rockets organization is his role as a global citizen and as a bridge to millions of potential basketball fans in China.When it was announced in February that Yao would miss the rest of the NBA season and possibly the Olympics with a stress fracture（骨折）in his left foot, a collective shudder（震动）spread across China. After considerable debate and discussion, Yao opted to get his foot surgically treated in an operation that placed several tiny screws across the bone, to offer his overburdened foot more support. The surgery was a success, and though the estimated four-month recovery period will leave him little time to prepare with Team China, Yao has vowed to be ready for the Beijing Olympics.Yao wrapped up a 10-day trip to China, where he underwent a series of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatments, hoping to accelerate his recovery process Western experts are generally skeptical of TCMs benefits although new research from the University of Rochester suggests that a certain compound derived from shellfish may indeed stimulate bone repair.There is no reason to dismiss TCM, Yao told a press conference in Beijing. Its been used in our country for thousands of years. I dont think that its short on science.36.【题干】The word towering in Paragraph 1 means_【选项】 Alarge.Bfat.Ctall.Dgreat.【答案】C37.【题干】Opponents find it very difficult to control Yao Ming because of his_【选项】 Amobility.Bassault.Cdefense.Dcelebrity.【答案】A38.【题干】Yao Ming had to undergo a series of TCM treatments because_【选项】 Ahis right foot had been hurting.Bhe wanted to make a more rapid recovery.Cthe surgical operation had been a failure.Dhe couldnt afford all the medical expenses.【答案】B39.【题干】Which statement about Yao Ming is NOT true?【选项】 AHe missed the Athens Olympics.BHe is an NBA player.CHe fractured his left foot.DHe is an international figure.【答案】A40.【题干】In general, the Western experts attitude towards TCM is_.【选项】 Aindifferent.Bpositive.Cnegative.Ddoubtful.【答案】DCan you hear This?When something creates a sound wave in a room or an auditorium, listeners hear the sound wave directly from the source. They also hear the reflections as the sound bounces off the walls, floor, and ceiling. These are called the reflected wave or reverberant（反射的）sound, which can be heard even after the sound is no longer coming from the source.The reverberation time of an auditorium is determined by the volume or interior size of the auditorium. It is also determined by how well or how poorly the walls, ceiling, floor, and contents of the room (including the people) absorb sound. There is no ideal reverberation time. Because each use of an auditorium calls for different reverberation. Speech needs to be understood clearly: therefore rooms used for talking must have a short reverberation time. The full-sound performance of music such as Wagner operas or Mahler symphonies should have a long reverberation time. The light, rapid musical passages of Bach or Mozart need a reverberation time somewhere between.Acoustic problems often are caused by poor auditorium design. Smooth, curved reflecting surfaces create large reflections. Parallel（平行的）walls reflect sound back and forth, creating a rapid, repetitive pulsing effect. Large pillars（柱）and corners can cause acoustic shadows as the sound waves try to pass around the object. Some of these problems can be solved by using absorbers and reflectors to change the reverberation time of a room. For example, hanging large reflectors, called clouds, over the performers will allow some sound frequencies to reflect and others to pass to achieve a pleasing mixture of sound.41【题干】This passage is mainly about_Asound waves and their effects.Bthe types of music orchestras play.Cwalls of an auditorium.Dthe design of an auditorium.【答案】D42【题干】Wagner operas and Mahler symphonies with full-sound effect have_Aa short reverberation time.Ban intermediate reverberation time.Cno reverberation time.Da long reverberation time.【答案】D43【题干】This passage suggests that a good auditorium should_Aget rid of all reflections.Bnot have absorbers.Cachieve a pleasing mixture of sound.Dhave smooth surfaces.【答案】D44【题干】Large pillars and corners may_Amake sound rich and full.Bbe cures for sound problems.Cbe sources of sound problems.Dfunction as effectively as clouds.【答案】C45【题干】The word acoustic in the last paragraph has something to do with_Aperformance.Bsound.Caudience.Dweather.【答案】B五、补全短文。下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。（第4