2016年全国职称英语等级考试.docx

2016年全国职称英语等级考试（理工类A级）模拟题（二） 一、词汇选项 本大题共有15小题,每小题1.0分,共15.0分 1、单选题Philip Roth was (hailed) as a major new author in 1960. Apublished Bchallenged Cacclaimed Dguided 答案：C 解析：hail和acclaim意思相近，表示向欢呼，将拥戴为。如：He was acclaimed as Britains greatest modern painter.他被赞誉为英国最伟大的现代画家。challenge：挑战。 challenge his theory向他的理论挑战。publish：出版。guide：指导。 2、单选题Smoking is not (permitted) in the office. Aprobable Bpossible Cadmitted Dallowed 答案：D 解析：permit:允许。allow：允许。They shouldnt allow parking in the street；its too narrow.他们不该允许在街道上停车，街道太窄了。probable：很可能。It is probable that it will rain tomorrow.明天很可能下雨。possible：可能的。Is such a thing possible?这样的事有可能发生吗？admit:承认。Im willing to admit that I do make mistakes.我愿意承认我确实会犯错。 3、单选题Formulated in 1823, the Monroe Doctrine (asserted) that the Americas were no longer open to European colonization. Astated firmly Bargued light-mindedly Cthought seriously Dannounced regrettably 答案：A 解析：asserted（宣称，断言）与stated firmly（坚定地说）意思相近。argued light-mindedly:轻率地争辩。thought seriously:严肃地认为。announced regrettably:令人遗憾地宣布。美洲( America)包括北美洲，中美洲和南美洲。 4、单选题The number of the United States citizens who are (eligible) to vote continues to increase. Aencouraged Benforced Cexpected Dentitled 答案：D 解析：eligible:有资格的。Those who have a mountain bike are eligible to join the club.拥有山地自行车的人有资格加入此俱乐部。entitle：给权利（或资格）。be entitled to：有权（或资格）。Everyone is entitled to receive education.人人都有受教育的权利。注意： be entitled to中的to既可能是不定式的to，也可能是介词to。也就是说整个短语除可跟动词原形外，也可以跟名词短语。如：Every child in Britain is entitled to free education.英国的每个孩子都有权享受免费教育。encouraged：此处是encourage（鼓励）的过去分词形式。The children are encouraged to go in for more sports.孩子们受到参加更多体育运动的鼓励。expected:此处是expect（期望）的过去分词形式。We are expected to finish the job before six.他们期望我们6点钟之前做完这项工作。 5、单选题The stories of Sarah Orne Jewett are considered by many to be more (authentically) regional than those of Bret Harte. Aelegantly Bgenuinely Cintentionally Dthoroughly 答案：B 解析：authentic:真的，真正的。an authentic manuscript: 一部真正的原稿。genuine：真的，真正的。gloves made of genuine leather:真皮手套。elegant:优雅的，漂亮的。intentional:故意的，有意识的。thorough:彻底的，仔细周到的。 6、单选题The little boy was so fascinated by the (mighty) river that he would spend hours sitting on its bank and gazing at the passing boats and rafts. Avery strong Bvery long Cvery great Dvery fast 答案：A 解析：mighty:强大的，强有力的。We are dealing with forces that are mightier than ourselves.我们正在应付强于我们的势力。strong：强壮的。long:长的。great:大的，伟大的。fast:快的。 7、单选题During the Second World War,all important resources in the US were (allocated) by the federal government. Anationalized Bcommandeered Ctaxed Ddistributed 答案：D 解析：allocate:分配，拨给。distribute：分发，分布。Distribute the pictures among the children， will you?请把图片发给孩子们，好吗？nationalize：国有化。The government decided to nationalize the railways and the mines.政府决定将铁路和矿山国有化。commandeer：征用。 They were afraid that their land would be commandeered.他们害怕土地会被征用。tax：征税。Cigarettes in this country are heavily taxed.这个国家对香烟征很高的税。 8、单选题The train came to an (abrupt) stop, making us wonder where we were. Aslow Bnoisy Csudden Djumpy 答案：C 解析：abrupt:突然的。Following an abrupt change of the topic, we started to complain about the quality of food.话题突然一转，我们开始抱怨饭菜的质量。sudden与abrupt的意思近似：突然的。slow：慢的。noisy：吵人的。jumpy:跳动的；神经过敏的。She seemed very jumpy recently.她最近情绪很不稳定。 9、单选题This kind of animals are on the verge of (extinction), because so many are being killed for their fur. Adrying up Bdying out Cbeing exported Dbeing transplanted 答案：B 解析：extinction（灭绝，绝迹）与die out（绝种）意思相近。The giant panda is in danger of dying out.大熊猫面临绝种的危险。dry up:擦干。Let me wash up these plates and you dry them up.我来洗盘子，你来把它们擦干。export:出口。Many bicycles are exported each year.每年都有许多自行车出口到国外。transplant：移植，迁移。Many vegetables were transplanted to the north，growing in the greenhouse.许多种蔬菜移植到了北方，在温室里生长。 10、单选题John (removed) his overcoat. Atook away Bleft aside Ctook off Dwashed off 答案：C 解析：remove:脱掉；去掉。take off:脱掉，拿下。She took off her spectacles.她摘下了眼镜。 take away:拿去，剥夺。They are going to take my citizenship away.他们将剥夺我的公民资格。leave aside:搁置。Lets leave aside the matter for a moment.让我们暂且把此事搁一搁。wash off:把洗掉。Wash these dirty marks off the wall.把墙上的这些污点洗掉。 11、单选题It is (postulated) that population trends have an effect on economic fluctuations. Achallenged Bassumed Cdeducted Ddecreed 答案：B 解析：postulate（假定）与assume（设想；假定）意思相近。I assume you dont drive，Mr.Jones?琼斯先生，我想你不会开车吧？challenge：挑战。His authority was challenged.他的权威性受到了挑战。deduct:减去。Tax will be deducted automatically from your wages.税会自动从你的工资中扣除。decree：颁布（法令，政令）。The minister decreed that there would be a full investigation over this matter.部长下令，将对此进行全面调查。 12、单选题She has proved that she can be (relied on) in a crisis. Alived on Bdepended on Clived off Dbelieved in 答案：B 解析：rely on:依靠。depend on:依靠，依赖。The town depends almost solely on the tourist trade.小镇的经济主要依靠旅游业。live on:以为主食。They live on vegetarian food.他们以素食为主。live off:靠生活。She still lives off her parents.她仍靠父母养活。 believe in：对有信心。If you believe in yourself you can succeed.如果你相信自己，你就会取得成功。 13、单选题He was one of the principal (organizers) of the association. Aplanners Bemployees Cactors Drecipients 答案：A 解析：principal organizer:主要组织者。planner:组织者，策划者。employee：雇员。actor：演员。recipient:接受者。如：She is a welfare recipient.她是接受福利救济的人。 14、单选题I feel (regret) about whats happened. Asorry Bdisappointed Cshameful Ddisheartened 答案：A 解析：regret: feel regret about sth.对感到懊悔。sorry：后悔的。The manager had said that he was sorry and there was nothing he could do about it.经理说过他很遗憾，对此他没有什么办法。Im sorry to be late.对不起，我来晚了。disappointed：失望的。They were very disappointed at the outcome of the talks.他们对会谈的结果深感失望。shameful:可耻的，不光彩的。To steal money from a blind person is a shameful act.偷盲人的钱是可耻的行为。 disheartened：泄气。She is easily disheartened by difficulties.面对困难，她很容易泄气。 15、单选题The chairman (proposed) that we should stop the meeting. Astated Bdeclared Csuggested Dannounced 答案：C 解析：propose:建议；提议。suggest:建议。She suggested that he should adapt himself to his new conditions.她建议他应当适应新的情况。state：陈述，宣布。Youll have to state what exactly these terms mean.你须说明这些术语的确切意思是什么。declare：宣布。She declared that she didnt want to see him again.她宣布不想再见到他。announce：宣布。 They announced that she would give an extra song.他们宣布她会再唱一支歌。 二、阅读判断 本大题共有7小题,每小题1.0分,共7.0分 1、材料题Image Martian Dust ParticlesNASAs Phoenix Mars Lander has taken its first-ever picture of a single particle of rusty Martian dust with one of its microscopes. The dust particles of dust was shown at a higher magnification than anything outside of Earth that has been imaged before. The rounded particle measured only about one micrometer, or one millionth of a meter, across.Taking this image required the highest resolution microscope operated off Earth and a specially designed device to hold the Martian dust,said Tom Pike, a Phoenix science team member from Imperial College London. We always knew it was going to be technically very challenging to image particles this small. The device that imaged the dust speck is called an atomic force microscope, which maps the shape of particles in three dimensions by scanning them with a sharp tip at the end of a spring. The atomic force microscope can detail the shapes of particles as small as about 100 nanometers. And this wont be the last dust particle that Phoenix will image. After this first success, were now working on building up a portrait gallery of the dust on Mars,Pike said.Dust exists everywhere on Mars, coating the surface and giving it its rusty red color. Dust particles also color the Martian sky pink and feed storms that regularly envelope the planet. The ultra-fine dust is the medium that actively links gases in the Martian atmosphere to processes in Martian soil, so it is critically important to understanding Marsenvironment, the researchers said.The $420-million Phoenix mission is analyzing the dust and subsurface ice layers of Mars arctic regions to look for signs of potential past habitability. The particle seen in the atomic force microscope image was part of a sample scooped by the robotic arm from theSnow White trench and delivered to Phoenixs microscope station in early July. 1、单选题The dust particle on Mars is the small particle that has been imaged outside of Earth. ARight BWrong CNot mentioned 答案：A 解析： 2、单选题Using the same technology, we have also measured the size of particles on the moon and Jupiter. ARight BWrong CNot mentioned 答案：C 解析： 3、单选题Scientists use the highest resolution microscope to watch and record the image of Martian particles on earth. ARight BWrong CNot mentioned 答案：B 解析： 4、单选题Tom Pike said that they used to think it was no easy job to image such small particles. ARight BWrong CNot mentioned 答案：A 解析： 5、单选题An electronic device has been developed to measure the weight of certain Martian particles. ARight BWrong CNot mentioned 答案：C 解析： 6、单选题After collecting the last Martian dust particle, the scientists have started to build up a portrait gallery of it. ARight BWrong CNot mentioned 答案：B 解析： 7、单选题The Phoenixs robotic arm collected the Martian dust particles for analysis on Mars. ARight BWrong CNot mentioned 答案：A 解析： 答案： 解析： 三、概括大意与完成句子 本大题共有8小题,每小题1.0分,共8.0分 1、材料题The Tiniest Electric Motor in the World1 Scientists recently made public the tiniest electric motor ever built. You could stuff hundreds of them into the period at the end of this sentence. One day a similar engine might power a tiny mechanical doctor that would travel through your body to remove your disease.2 The motor works by shuffling atoms between two molten metal droplets in a carbon nanotube. One droplet is even smaller than the other.When a small electric current is applied to the droplets, atoms slowly get out of the larger droplet and join the smaller one. The small droplet grows - but never gets as big as the other droplet - and eventually bumps into the large droplet.As they touch, the large droplet rapidly sops up the atoms it had previously lost. This quick shift in energy produces a power stroke.3 The technique exploits the fact that surface tension - the tendency of atoms or molecules to resist separating - becomes more important at small scales. Surface tension is the same thing that allows some insects to walk on water.4 Although the amount of energy produced is small - 20 microwatts - it is quite impressive in relation to the tiny scale of the motor. The whole setup is less than 200 nanometers on a side,or hundreds of times smaller than the width of a human hair. If it could be scaled up to the size of an automobile engine, it would be 100 million times more powerful than a Toyota Camrys 225 horsepower V6 engine.5 In 1988, Professor Richard Muller and colleagues made the first operating micromotor,which was 100 microns across, or about the thickness of a human hair. In 2003, Zettls group created the first nanoscale motor. In 2006, they built a nanoconveyor, which moves tiny particles along like cars in a factory.6 Nanotechnology engineers try to mimic nature, building things atom-by-atom. Among other things, nanomotors could be used in optical circuits to redirect light, a process called optical switching. Futurists envision a day when nanomachines, powered by nanomotors, travel inside your body to find disease and repair damaged cells. 1、单选题Paragraph 2 _ AAn Introduction of a Toyotas 225 Horsepower V6 Engine BA Description of the Nanomotor in Terms of Power and Size CSurface Tension DPrevious Inventions of Nanoscale Products EThe Working Principle of the Nanomotor FPossible Fields of Application in the Future 答案：E 解析： 2、单选题Paragraph 4 _ AAn Introduction of a Toyotas 225 Horsepower V6 Engine BA Description of the Nanomotor in Terms of Power and Size CSurface Tension DPrevious Inventions of Nanoscale Products EThe Working Principle of the Nanomotor FPossible Fields of Application in the Future 答案：B 解析： 3、单选题Paragraph 5 _ AAn Introduction of a Toyotas 225 Horsepower V6 Engine BA Description of the Nanomotor in Terms of Power and Size CSurface Tension DPrevious Inventions of Nanoscale Products EThe Working Principle of the Nanomotor FPossible Fields of Application in the Future 答案：D 解析： 4、单选题Paragraph 6 _ AAn Introduction of a Toyotas 225 Horsepower V6 Engine BA Description of the Nanomotor in Terms of Power and Size CSurface Tension DPrevious Inventions of Nanoscale Products EThe Working Principle of the Nanomotor FPossible Fields of Application in the Future 答案：F 解析： 5、单选题Doctors envision that the nanomotor would travel through human bodies to_. Aremove disease Bresist separating Cshuffle between two molten metal droplets Dpower nanomachines Esop up molecules from the large droplet Ftransport nanoscale objects 答案：A 解析： 6、单选题Surface tension means the tendency of atoms or molecules to_. Aremove disease Bresist separating Cshuffle between two molten metal droplets Dpower nanomachines Esop up molecules from the large droplet Ftransport nanoscale objects 答案：B 解析： 7、单选题Nanoconveyors could be used to_. Aremove disease Bresist separating Cshuffle between two molten metal droplets Dpower nanomachines Esop up molecules from the large droplet Ftransport nanoscale objects 答案：F 解析： 8、单选题Applying a small electric current causes atoms to_. Aremove disease Bresist separating Cshuffle between two molten metal droplets Dpower nanomachines Esop up molecules from the large droplet Ftransport nanoscale objects 答案：C 解析： 答案： 解析： 四、阅读理解 本大题共有15小题,每小题3.0分,共45.0分 1、材料题U. S. Scientists Confirm Water on MarsNASA scientists said that Mars was covered once by vast lakes, flowing rivers and a variety of other wet environments that had the potential to support life.Laboratory tests aboard NASA!s Phoenix Mars Lander have identified water in a soil sample. The landers robotic arm delivered the sample Wednesday to an instrument that identifies vapors produced by the heating of samples.We have water， said William Boynton of the University of Arizona, lead scientist for the Thermal and Evolved-Gas Analyzer, or TEGA. This is the first time Martian water has been touched and tasted. The robotic arm is a critical part of the Phoenix Mars mission. It is needed to trench into the icy layers of northern polar Mars and deliver samples to instruments that will analyze what Mars is made of, what its water is like, and whether it is or has ever been a possible habitat for life.The soil sample came from a trench approximately 2 inches deep. When the robotic arm firstreached that depth, it hit a hard layer frozen soil. Two attempts to deliver samples of icy soil on days when fresh material was exposed foiled, when the samples became stuck inside the scoop. Most of the material in Wednesdays samptel had been exposed to the air for two days, letting some of the water in the sample vaporize away and making the soil easier to handle.Mars is giving us some surprises, said Phoenix principal investigator Peter Smith of the University of Arizona. Were excited because surprises are where discoveries come from. One surprise is how the soil is behaving. The ice-rich Iayers stick to the scoop when poised in the sun above the deck, different from what we expected, from all the Mars simulation testing weve done so far. Since landing on May 25, Phoenix has been studying mil with a chemistry lab, TEGA, a microscope, a conductivity probe and cameras. The science team is trying to determine whether the water ice ever thaws enough to be available for biology and if carbon-containing chemicals and other raw materials for life are present.The mission is examining the sky as well as the ground. A Canadian instrument is using a laser beam to study dust and clouds overhead.Its a 30-watt light bulb giving us a、laser show Mars, said Victoria Hipkin of the Canadian Space Agency.A full-circle, color panorama of Phoenixs surroundirgs also has been completed by the spacecraft.The details and patterns we see in the ground show an ice-dominated terrain as far as the eye can see, said Mark Lemmon of Texas A & M Uaiversity, lead scientist for Phoenixs Surface Stereo Imager camera. They help us plan measurements were making within reach of the robotic arm and interpret those measurements on a wider scale. 1、单选题What was discovered by NASAs Phoenix Mars Lander on Mars? AVast lakes. BFlowing rivers. CWater in a soil sampl