动词时态课件.ppt

英语语法 词性详解二 动词 二 动词的分类 1 3 2 一 动词的定义 三 动词的时态 四 非谓语动词 五 被动语态 1 一般现在时 2 一般过去时 3 一般将来时 5 现在进行时 6 过去进行时 7 现在完成时 8 过去完成时 4 过去将来时 六 动词的基本形式 10 将来完成时 11 现在完成进行时 9 将来进行时 动词的时态 式 时 一 按词义和句中的作用 动词可以分为四类 返回 二 短语动词 由一些动词和其它词构成短语 表达一个完整的意思 其构成方式如下 返回 三 按动词的形式可以分为谓语动词和非谓语动词 1 谓语动词 如下 2 非谓语动词 返回 2 非谓语动词 一般现在时 一般过去时amisarewasweredo does did 1 一般现在时 1 表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态 2 表示主语现在的性格 特征 能力 3 表示客观事实或普遍用法 4 用于状语从句代替一般将来时 eg Weoftenwritetoeachother 我们时常相互通信 常与always usually often sometimes everyday onceaweek yearly每年 monthly每月 等时间状语或频率副词连用 eg Heworkshard 他努力工作 eg Thesunrisesintheeast Lightgoesfasterthansound eg Youwillsucceedifyoutry IwilltellhimaboutitassoonasIseehimnextMonday 常与连词 when assoonas before after until if如果 等引导的时间状语或条件状语从句 练习 返回 Thebabyisgenerallyhealthy buteverynowandthenhe acold A hascaughtB iscatchingC willcatchD doescatch I ping pongquitewell butIhaven thadtimetoplaysincetheNewYear A willplayB haveplayedC playedD play Whenhewasalive theoldscientistusedtosaythatknowledge frompracticeandhegainedhisexperiencebydoingalotofpracticalwork A wascomingB hadcomeC comesD wouldcome Ifit tomorrow we llgoroller skating A isn trainB won trainC doesn trainD doesn tfine Remembertosendmeaphotoofusnexttimeyou tome A arewritingB willwriteC haswrittenD write 2 一般过去时 1 表示过去某一时间点发生的动作或所处的状态 e g HearrivedinHangzhouanhourago Wherewereyoujustnow 2 表示过去某一时间里反复出现的动作或状态 e g Theirchildrenoftenwenthungryintheolddays Duringhismiddleschoolyears heplayedfootballnearlyeveryday 3 表示主语过去的特征或性格等 e g AtthattimeshespokeverygoodEnglish 练习 返回 4 一般过去时往往和明确的过去时间状语连用 如 yesterday lastnight twodays months weeks ago in1996 atthattime等 也常和when if等引导的状语从句连用 e g Didyouplayvolleyballyesterdayafternoon Myfather whenhewasachild worked15hoursforthelandlordaday 5 一般过去时可与today thisweek thismonth等时间状语连用 e g Isawhimtoday Hecamelatethreetimesthisweek A Comein Peter Iwanttoshowyousomething B Oh howniceofyou I you tobringmeagift A neverthink aregoingB neverthought weregoingC didn tthink weregoingD had tthought weregoing Wouldyoupleasesaythatagain I whatyousaid didn tfollowB don tfollowC haven tfollow 一般将来时和过去将来时willdowoulddobegoingtodobeabouttodobetodobedoing 3 一般将来时 a will shall 动词原形 备 在口语中 shall和will常缩写成 ll 紧接在主语之后 其否定式shallnot和willnot的简略式分别为shan t和won t 1 构成 b begoingto 动词原形 c be 动词 ing形式 动词 ing形式通常是表示位置转移的动词 如arrive come go leave move start stay get等 d be 动词不定式 例 Youaretobebackbefore10 00p m 你必须在上午10点前回来 表示按计划或正式安排将发生的事 2 用法 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态 表示将要反复发生的动作 3 常用结构 用于 祈使句 and 陈术句 中 Eg Workhardandyouwillsucceed 与表示时间或条件的状语从句连用 Ifyouaskhim hewillhelpyou 用于 Iexpect I msure Ithink Iwonder 宾语从句 中 Idon tthinkthetestwillbeverydifficult 返回 练习 Lookattheblackclouds It soon Sure Ifonlywe out A israining didn tcomeB istorain won tstartC willrain haven tstartedD isgoingtorain hadn tcome Theplane at7 00p m soIhavetobeattheairportby6 40atthelatest A hasleftB istoleaveC willhaveleftD leaves 8 过去将来时 1 意义 表示以过去的某时来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态 常用在宾语从句中 2 构成 主语 would should 动词原形 主语 was were goingto 动词原形 例 Ididn tknowifshewouldcome Iwasn tsurewhetherhewoulddoit Ididn tknowifshewasgoingtocome WangLeisaidthatshewasgoingtovisitherunclenextSunday 返回 练习 3 There adolphinshowinthezootomorrowevening A wasB isgoingtohaveC willhaveD isgoingtobe HowareyouplanningtotraveltoShanghai I yet butI takingatrain A didn tdecide amconsideringB haven tdecided considerC haven tdecided amconsideringD hadn tdecided haveconsidered Rememberthefirsttimewemet Jim OfcourseIdo You inthelibrary A werereadingB hadreadC havereadD read Thechildren veryquiet Iwonderwhatthey upto A were arebeingB arebeing areC are doD arebeing do What sthematter Theshoesdon tfitproperly They myfeet A arehurtingB willhurtC havehurtD arehurt 将来进行时 强调将来某时或某段时间正在进行的动作will shall be v ing将来完成时 强调在将来某时刻之前完成的动作或存在的状态 常和终止性动词连用 will shall have vedWilldotomorrowWillbedoingat4 00tomorrowWillhavedonebynextweekWewilldotheworktomorrow Wewillbedoingtheworkat4 00tomorrow Wewillhavefinishedtheworkbytomorrow 现在进行时isdoing过去进行时wasdoing 4 现在进行时 1 意义 a 表示说话的此刻正在进行的动作 常与now themoment等连用 2 构成 主语 be 现在分词 v ing 练习 返回 例 Listen MaryissinginganEnglishsongintheclassroom b 表示现在时间段中正在进行的动作 例 Theyareplantingtreesonthehillthesedays c 表示一种重复的动作 带有 厌恶 赞叹 等感情色彩 例 Mybrotherisalwaysleavingthingsabout 注 现在进行时往往与always连用 给现在的动作披上一层感情色彩 现在进行时的练习 1 It snineo clock Myfather work intheoffice 2 Theboy alwaysput therubbishintothebin 返回 5 过去进行时 1 意义 2 构成 主语 was were 现在分词 1 表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作 如 WhatwereyoudoingwhenIphonedyoulastnight 2 表示过去某段时间正在进行的动作 如 Theywerebuildingadamlastwinter 去年冬天他们在建一个大坝 3 用于come go leave start arrive等表示位置转移的动词 以表示过去将要发生的动作 如 TheywantedtoknowwhenwewereleavingforShanghai 返回 练习 Areyouavisitorhere That sright I roundtheworldandnowmydreamofcomingtoChina true A havetraveled hascomeB wastraveling hadbeencomeC amtraveling hascomeD havetraveled hasbeencome Whatwereyouuptowhenyourparentscamein I forawhileand somereading A wasplaying wasgoingtodoB played didC hadplayed wasgoingtodoD hadplayed did A WhatwereyoudoingwhenTonyphonedyou B Ihadjustfinishedmyworkand totakeashower A hadstartedB startedChavestartedD wasstarting 9 HasJackfinishedhishomeworkyet Ihavenoidea He itthismorning A wasdoingB hadbeendoingC hasdoneD did 现在完成时和过去完成时Havehaddone has done 6 现在完成时 1 意义 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 也可表示过去已经开始 一直延续到现在的动作或状态 2 结构 助动词have has 动词的过去分词 3 四大标志词 以already just和yet为标志 表示到现在为止动作或状态已经 刚刚或还没有发生 以ever和never为标志 表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经或从来没有发生过 以动作发生的次数为标志 HesayshehasbeentotheUSAthreetimes 以sofar为标志 表示到目前为止动作或状态已经发生 返回 练习 4 注 a 终止 延续 要转换常见的有 come be goout beout leave beaway from begin beon buy have borrow keep join beamember 介词短语 die bedead become be open v beopen adj 等 b 时间 点 段 须分清for 时间段since 过去某一时刻 6 Wherehaveyou Kate I ve tothebank A gone goneB been beenC gone beenD been gone7 Hergrandfather fortwoyears A diedB hasdiedC hasbeendeadD hasbeendied 8 It ssixweeks Imetyoulast A whenB sinceC beforeD for 9 Bettythismorning Notyet butsheissuretobeherebeforenoon A HaveyouseenB WillyouseeC DoyouseeD Didyousee 7 过去完成时 1 概念 过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经发生的动作或情况 即 过去的过去 如 Whenwegotthere thefootballmatchhadalreadystarted 当我们赶到时 足球比赛已经开始了 2 构成 肯定句 主语 had 过去分词 其他否定句 主语 hadnot 过去分词 其他疑问句 Had 主语 过去分词 其他 返回 练习 3 用法 A 表示在过去某一时间之前已完成的动作 表示对这一过去时间造成的结果或影响 常用以下几种方式 1 用by before等构成的介词短语 eg Lindahadlearnt10Englishsongsbytheendoflastmonth 2 用when before after等引导的时间状语从句 eg Thetrainhadstartedbeforewegottothestation B 过去完成时还可以表示过去某一时间以前发生开始的动作持续到这一过去的时间 常与for since引导的表示一段时间的短语或从句连用 eg IhadworkedinahospitalforthreeyearsbeforeIcamehere Hardly had主语donewhen didScarcely had主语donewhen didNosooner had主语donethan did Hardly had主语donewhen didHardlyhadIgotintothehousewhenitbegantorain IhadHardlygotintothehousewhenItbegantorain Scarcely had主语donewhen didScarcelyhadIgotintothehousewhenItbegantorain Nosooner had主语donethan didNosoonerhadIgotintothehousethanItbegantorain IhadnosoonergotintothehousethanItbegantorain She totheofficethanshegotdowntowritingthereport A hasnosoonergotB hadhardlygotC nosoonergotD hadnosoonergot Jimtalkedforabouthalfanhouryesterday Never himtalksomuch A IheardB didIhearC IhadheardD hadIheard you theeditorattheairport No he awaybeforemyarrival A Have met hasdrivenB Had met wasdrivenC Did meet hadbeendrivenD Have met haddriven 过去完成时 JohnandI friendsforeightyears WefirstgottoknoweachotherataChristmasparty Butwe eachotheracoupleoftimesbeforethat A hadbeen havemetB havebeen havemetC hadbeen hadmetD havebeen hadmet Alicecamebackhomethedaybeforeyesterday Really Where A hasshebeenB hadshebeenC hasshegoneD hadshegone 现在完成时 强调过去动作对现在的影响强调动作 状态从过去延续到现在过去完成时 强调过去的过去完成进行时 强调从过去一直进行或持续到现在的动作have has been v inghad been v ing WasthedrivingpleasantwhenyouwenttoMexicolastsummer No it forfourdayswhenwearrived sotheroadswereverymuddy A wasrainingB hadbeenrainingC wouldberainingD rained He articlesforourwall newspaperthesethreeyears andhe aboutfortyarticles hasbeenwriting haswrittenB hasbeenwriting wroteC iswriting hasbeenwritingD haswritten haswritten HowareyouplanningtotraveltoShanghai I yet butI takingatrain A didn tdecide amconsideringB haven tdecided considerC haven tdecided amconsideringD hadn tdecided haveconsidered 5 BythetimeyougettoShanghaitomorrow I forChongqing A AmleavingB willhaveleftC hadworkedD wasworking6 Moststudents take sixtycreditsbythetimetheygraduate Iwillcometoattendyourlectureat10 00tomorrow I msorry bythenmylecturewillhaveendedandI myguestsinmyoffice A isbeingmetB willmeetC willbemeetingD willhavemet IsTomstillsmoking No BynextSaturdayhe forawholemonthwithoutsmokingasinglecigarette A willgoB willhavegoneC willhavebeenD hasbeengoing Whatwereyouuptowhenyourparentscamein I forawhileand somereading A wasplaying wasgoingtodoB played didC hadplayed wasgoingtodoD hadplayed did 现在完成时 强调过去动作对现在的影响强调动作 状态从过去延续到现在have has done过去完成时 强调过去的过去Haddone完成进行时 强调从过去一直进行或持续到现在的动作have has been v ing Since 点时间For 段时间Just 1year 现在完成时 Just uptonow sofar tillnow recently ever lately already yet 现在完成时havedone现在完成进行时havebeendoingTherainhasstopped Therainhasbeenrainingthroughtheday sinceyesterday He articlesforourwall newspaperthesethreeyears andhe aboutfortyarticles A hasbeenwriting haswrittenB hasbeenwriting wroteC iswriting hasbeenwritingD haswritten haswritten HowareyouplanningtotraveltoShanghai I yet butI takingatrain A didn tdecide amconsideringB haven tdecided considerC haven tdecided amconsideringD hadn tdecided haveconsidered 动词的时态技巧总结点时间 by引导 选用完成式 since点 for时段 刚好一年 just1year 现在完成时By theendof 现在时间 现在完成时By theendof 过去时间 过去完成时By theendof 将来时间 将来完成时 1 时态 完成时 bynow Wehavefinishedallthework bynow bynextweek Wewillhavefinishedalltheworkbynextweek bythetimeyougetthere bylastweek Wehadfinishedalltheworkbylastnight 一般过去时did过去完成时haddone现在完成时havedone Nancyisnotcomingtonight Butshe A promisesB promisedC willpromisedD hadpromised 她一到家天就开始下雨 hardly when nosooner than Hardlyhadshegothomewhenitbegantorain Scarcelyhadshegothomewhenitbegantorain Nosoonerhadshegothomethanitbegantorain 3 Nosooner thanitbegantorainheavily A thegamebeganB hasthegamebegunC didthegamebeginD hadthegamebegun 1 WhereisJim He totheshop He llbebackinanhour goesB goC hasgoneD willgo2 Idon tthinkI youinthatdressbefore A haveseenB wasseeingC sawD see3 I msorryyou vemissedthetrain It 10minutesago A leftB hasleftC hadleftD hasbeenleft Practice 3 AssoonasI get home itstartedtorainheavily 2003 12B 4 Hardlyhadwegatheredinthesquarewhenit begin torain 2005 1B 7 Nextweekwe sign thesalescontractwiththenewsupplier 2006 6B 8 Hesaid I alotofnewwordsbytheendoflastyear 2002 12B hadalreadylearntB wouldhavealreadylearntC havealreadylearntD alreadylearnt9 WhenIfoundLinda she play tabletenniswithherfriendJean 2002 6B 9 UptillnowI spend agreatdealofmoneyonbooks magazinesandnewspapers 10 Inthesefiveyears thefoundation collect alargeamountofmoney 11 ThisisthefirsttimeI see suchaterriblescene 10 Thepolicepromisedthatthey try theirbesttolookintothematter 2002 6A 11 Thoughhe prepare wellbeforethejobinterview hefailedtoanswersomeimportantquestions 2005 6A 12 Jimtoldmehe join thearmytwoyearsbefore 2003 12A 13 TomtooknonoticeofwhatIwassayingbecausehethoughtI cheat him 2001 12A 14 ThistimenextweekI llbeonvocation ProbablyI onabeautifulbeach 2003 12A A amlyingB havelainC willbelyingD willhavelain 15 Bytheendofthisyearthefactory produce 20 000cellphones 2005 12A 16 BythetimeyougettoShanghaitomorrow I forChongqing 2004 6A 17 Moststudents take sixtycreditsbythetimetheygraduate 2003 6A 18 He work inthiscompanysincehegraduatedfromAndongTechnicalCollegetenyearsago 2005 12A 19 EversinceIarrivedhere I inthedormitorybecauseitischeaper 2006 6A A LivedB waslivingC hadbeenlivingD havebeenli