钛阳极说明书.doc

lr MMO AnodeOperation and Maintenance Instruction铱混合金属氧化物涂层钛阳极操作和维护说明书 lr MMO Anode铱混合金属氧化物涂层钛阳极1The Iridium Mixed Metal Oxide coated Ti anodes (hereafter called lr MMO coated Ti anodes), whilst robust to the recommended electrolysis conditions.铱金属氧化物涂层钛阳极（简称铱MMO涂层钛阳极）需安装在建议的电解条件下。2Oil or grease contamination of the lr MMO coating must be avoided.避免油或油脂污染铱MMO涂层。3The lr MMO coating is a porous, relatively high surface area ceramic coating，in order to provide good electrochemical characteristics. The lr MMO can easily be scratched or damaged if hard or sharp objects are rubbed or knocked against it.铱MMO涂层是表面多孔且比表面积较大的陶瓷涂层，具有良好的电化学特性。铱MMO非常容易在坚硬物体摩擦或敲击其表面时而被划伤或损伤。 a. The lr MMO coated surface must not be rested directly onto a metallic surface.Use a protected soft covering of paper or plastic material on top of the hard surface.禁止将铱MMO涂层表面直接放置于金属表面。应在坚硬表面上覆盖起到保护作用的纸或塑料薄膜。b. The lr MMO surface must not be dragged over, or slid against any hard surface.禁止将铱MMO涂层表面在任何坚硬表面拖拉或滑动。c. If dirt or deposits are present on the lr MMO coating, never attempt to clean by abrasive mechanical means. For example never clean by wire brushing, sanding or emery paper or by high-pressure water jets.如果铱MMO涂层表面有污垢或沉淀物，禁止用任何研磨机械方式来进行清洁。禁止使用例如钢丝刷，砂纸打磨，砂纸或高压喷水的方式进行阳极表面清洁。4When the Ti anodes are removed from the cell, they should immediately be thoroughly flushed with water in order to prevent from acid attack as the electrolyte dries out on the surface and the acid concentration increases.当钛阳极从电镀槽拆下后，应立即用水冲洗干净。以防止酸的腐蚀，这是因为电解质在涂层表面变干而致使酸的浓度增加。5 Ti anodes, which require storage for longer periods should be carefully wrapped,for example in air filled protective plastic wrapping material, to avoid scratch damage, dirty etc. to the lr MMO coating.需要存放较长时间的钛阳极应该用例如充气塑料包装材料仔细包装好，以避免铱MMO涂层表面被划伤，或者落尘。6The application of the lr MMO coating to the active area of the Ti anode allows the current to flow from the Ti anode through the coated areas into the electrolyte, while the non-coated areas of the Ti anode remain inactive, If small areas of the lr MMO coating are mechanically damaged exposing the underlying Ti to the electrolyte, the Ti anode will continue operate satisfactorily because of the protective adherent oxide film formed as described above.将铱MMO涂层涂于钛阳极的活性部分可使电流通过钛阳极涂层表面传递至电解质中，同时没有涂层的钛表面仍然保持为惰性。如果小面积铱MMO涂层有机械损伤，涂层下面的钛直接与电解质接触，钛阳极仍然能继续正常操作，这是因为在阳极化条件下，钛表面形成了起到保护作用，有粘合性的氧化膜。7 The inter-electrode gap should be maintained at all times. Accidental short circuit between the Ti anode and the parts will cause irreversible damage to the lr MMO coating and will damage the Ti substrate. If the short circuit is severe the Ti anode will be destroyed.电极之间应始终保持一点距离。钛阳极和镀件之间意外地发生短路会造成对铱MMO涂层无法换回的损坏并且也会损坏钛基体。如果发生严重的短路，钛阳极会被完全破坏。8 The Ti anodes should be maintained anodically polarised at any time as long as the Ti anodes are immersed in, or in direct contact otherwise with the electrolyte. If the Ti anodes are not energized, a small positive polarising voltage (residual potential) should be impressed onto the Ti anodes. This can be achieved without any significant current flow by setting the power supply to a voltage of 2 Volts between the anode and cathode connections. Ir MMO coated Ti anodes must be kept refrained from polarity reversal at any time.只要钛阳极浸于或直接与电解质接触，钛阳极必须要处于阳极化状态。如果钛阳极没有通电，可在钛阳极上加一低正极电压（剩余电压）。这只需在阳极和阴极之间施加2伏特电压即可，无需使用电源及大量的电流。铱MMO涂层钛阳极禁止在任何时候处于电极反向的状态。9 Trace impurities in the electrolyte, like for example Pb, Fe and Ba, should be carefully controlled so that no significant anodic depositions will occur. Anodic depositions blind the Ti anode surface and cause inhomogeneous anodic current distribution.追踪在电解质中的杂质，例如铅，铁和钡的含量应得到控制。这样不会产生大量的阳极沉淀物。阳极沉淀物会堵塞钛阳极表面从而导致阳极电流分布不均。10Organic additives should not be introduced into the electrolyte. The Ir MMO coated Ti anode lifetime could be significantly reduced particularly by additives or additive oxidation products with complex forming characteristics.有机添加剂加入电解质中，不同的添加剂会对钛阳极的寿命造成不同影响。铱MMO涂层钛阳极寿命会特别因为添加剂或具有合成特性的添加氧化物影响下显著缩短。12 Deposit removal from lr MMO coated Ti anodes 去除铱MMO涂层钛阳极表面沉淀物 a. Hydrochloric acid-this acid is useful for removal of rust type deposits in most forms as well as calcareous deposits. Due to its reducing properties to be used at ambient temperature only and at concentrations not higher than 10% v/v of 37% HCI in water. The immersion time should be kept to a minimum, for example 10 minutes, since Ti anodes are vulnerable to slow attack by reducing acids like hydrochloric acid. The rate of attack by hydrochloric acid can be reduced by the addition of 0.1% ferric chloride to the cleaning solution before the cleaning operation is carried out. NOTE: after cleaning with hydrochloric acid the Ti anodes must be thoroughly flushed with water and preferably be kept fully immersed in water for a minimum of 10 minutes.盐酸-该酸对于去除各种形式的锈类沉淀物和含钙沉淀物非常有效。因为其还原特性，只能在室温操作，并且需浓度37%盐酸所占容积百分比不大于10%的稀释溶液。因为钛阳极还是很容易受到类似盐酸等还原酸的侵蚀，所以阳极与其接触的时间应保持在最小值，一般为10分钟。为了减少盐酸侵蚀程度，在进行清洗之前，可在清洗液中加入0.1%氯化铁。注意事项：在用盐酸清洗后，应将钛阳极彻底用水清洗，最好完全浸入水中保持至少10分钟。b. Citric acid-a 5-10% aqueous solution of citric at 40-50C may be used for the removal of iron containing deposits. Again carefully flush the Ti anodes with water afterwards.柠檬酸-在40-50C温度下，5-10%柠檬酸的水溶能用来去除含铁沉淀物。还是要在清洗后用水仔细冲洗阳极。c. Nitric acid-because nitric acid is an oxidising acid, lr MMO coating are fully resistant to nitric acid at any concentration and temperature. But