宾语补足语.doc

宾语补足语: 某些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。而复合宾语的第一部分通常由名词或代词充当，第二部分表示第一部分的名词或代词发出的动作或身份、特征等，称为宾语补足语。1.名词（或代词）+名词She found him a very clever boy.2. 名词（或代词）+形容词He had a strange way of making his class lively and interesting.3. 名词（或代词）+副词或介词短语Last Sunday I saw you out with your sister. To her surprise, she found herself in a different world.4. 名词（或代词）+分词（分词短语）I saw him doing his homework when I passed his window.I was absent-minded when I heard my name called.5. 名词（或代词）+不定式1).to doThe villagers did not allow them to build a factory there.（ask tell beg force wish want expect advise permit order persuade）2) 省略 to 的不定式使用不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式符号 to 的取舍问题：1）、在hear, listen to, let, have, make, see, watch, notice, observe 等动词后的不定式需省去 to 。2）、feel 一词，跟 to be 型不定式带 to；跟 to do 型不定式不带 to。3）、help 一词后的不定式，可带 to，也可以不带 to。6. 名词（或代词）+从句We will make our hometown what your hometown is now.7. 常见with+复合宾语有下列几种形式：1） with名词代词形容词 It is not good manners to speak with your mouth full 满嘴食物去说话是不礼貌的。2） with名词代词副词 The city looks more beautiful with all the lights on所有的灯亮起来，这座城市看起来更漂亮了。 3） with名词代词介词短语 The woman with a baby on her back lives downstairs 这个背着婴儿的妇女住在楼下。4） with名词代词不定式，不定式表示主动、将来的动作。 With you to help us, we are sure to finish the work on time 有你来帮忙，我们会按时完成任务的。 With so much work to do, we cant kill any time by playing cards有这么多工作要做，我们没有时间打扑克。 5）with名词代词-ing形式，-ing形式表示主动或动作正在进行。With a boy leading the way, they started towards the village由一个男孩带路，他们朝那个村子走去。6） with名词代词过去分词，过去分词表示被动或动作已经完成。 With the problems settled, we all felt very happy 问题解决了，我们都感到很高兴。 7）with名词代词名词 China is a great country, with its capital Beijing.中国是一个伟大的国家，首都是北京。8. 结构：主+谓语+ it +宾补+真正宾语I found it pleasant to be with your family.We think it out duty that we should help the poor.在复合宾语中，宾语通常为名词或代词，但有时也可以用不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或that从句来充当。这时，应使用先行it代替宾语，而将真正的宾语移到句子的后部，如：I felt it necessary to speak about our shortcomings. Do you consider it any good trying again?We all thought it a pity that you couldnt join us.注意：在这种结构中，宾语补足语通常为名词或形容词；常用于这种结构的动词有： feel, find, think, make, take, judge, consider 等。一、单项选择：1. The missing boy was last seen _ near the river.A.playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play2. I feel _ unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.A.that B. how C. It D. what3. It is wise to have some money _ for old age.A.put away B. kept up C. given away D. laid up4. He slipped into the room, without himself _.A.seen B. being seen C. seeing D. to see5. He found the street much _.A. crowd B. crowding C. crowded D. crowdly6. I think _ necessary to learn English well.A. its B. it C. that D. that is7. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard.A.learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning8. You cant have the horse _ all the way. Its too hot.A.run B. to run C. running D. to be running9. When I came back, I found the house _ and everything _.A. was broken; took away B. broken into; taken away C. had been broken; taken D. break into; take away10. I heard that you were elected _ this time.A. monitor B. the monitor C. a monitor D. my monitor11. When I came back, I found nobody _. It was empty.A.on B. out C. in D. away12. The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself _.A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard13. For a time his grandmother found _ accept his new idea.A. hard B. it hard C. it hard to D. it is hard to14.Tell him _ the window.A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut15. -Theres a hole in your bag. - I know, Im going to have it _.A. mend B. mending C. mended D. to be mended16. Though he had often made his little sister _, today he was made _ by his little sister.A.cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry17. They would not allow him _ across the enemy line.A.to risk going B. risking to go C. for risk to go D. risk going18. I found the door _ when I got home.A. opened B. close C. unlocking D. open19. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _.A. not to B. not to do C. not do D. do not to20. I couldnt do my homework with all that noise_.A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on21. With a lot of difficult problems_, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled22. I advised _ at once. A.him to starting B. him to startC. to starting D. to start 23. When I put my hand on his chest, I could feel his heart still _.A. beat B. to be beating C. beating D. was beating24. You had better get a doctor _ your bad tooth.A. pull out B. to pull out C. pulled out D. pulling out25. He managed to make himself_ with his_ English.A. understand; breaking B. understand; broken C. understood; breaking D. understood; broken二、单句改错：1. The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself understand.2 We all elected Jason the monitor.3. The teacher asked us not make so much noise.4. - What a nice fire you have in your fireplace! - During the winter I like my house warmly and comfortable.5. Dont leave the water run while you brush your teeth.6. He pushed the door opening.7. She looked around and caught a man put his hand into the pocket of a passenger.8. With a lot of difficult problems settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.9. When I came in, I found a boy hide behind the door.10. I really dont know what to do if you always keep your eyes fixing upon me.三、句子翻译：1. 他告诉我要尽快完成作业。2. 课后他们被允许在教师里讲话。3. 医生劝我爸爸戒烟，吸烟对身体不好。4. 有人听到他们唱了一首歌。5. 他们给那个男孩取名为查理。6. 我们看见学生们在打篮球。7. 我觉得很奇怪竟然没有人能回答这个问题。8. 你会发现这幅地图对你游览英国是很有价值的。参考答案：单项选择： 15 ACABC 610 BBCBA 1115 CDCBC 1620 AADAA 2125 CBCBD单句改错：1. understandunderstood 2. the去掉 3. not后加to 4. warmlywarm5. runrunning 6. openingopen 7. putputting 8. settle前加to 9. hidehidden10. fixingfixed 翻译句子：1. He told me to finish my homework as soon as possible.2. They are allowed to talk in the classroom after class.3. The doctor advised my father to stop smoking, it was harmful to health.4. They were heard to sing a song.5. they named that boy Charlie.6. we saw the pupils playing basketball.7. I found it strange that no one could answer the question.8. youll find this map of great value in helping you to go round Britain.选择题： 1. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 2. The result of the entrance exams was not made _ to the public until last Thursday. A. knowing B. known C. to know D. to be known 答案：1.B2.B 二have 表示“使得”，其后接宾语补足语， 常用以下句型： have sb. do sth.使得某人做某事 have sb. doing sth.使得某人一直做某事 have sth. done使得某事被做 填空： 1. The teacher had her _(recite) the text again. 2. He wants to have his eyes _(examine) tomorrow. 3. Be careful， or youll have your hands _(hurt). 4. He had the girl _(stand) in the classroom the whole morning. 5. He had the walls _(paint) this morning. 答案：1.recite 2.examined 3.hurt 4.standing 5.painted 只能用doing的情况 1. 表示正在发生 Be quick. They have the car waiting for you at the school gate. 2. 否定句中表示(不能)容忍某人做 I wont have him cheating in the exam. 3. 表示某一时间内一直延续不断的动作 He had us laughing all through the meals. 选择填空题： 1. Ive had my radio _ so soon because my father had me _ it. A. repair； done B. repaired； do C. repairing； do D. repaired； done 2. You cant have the horse _ all the way. Its too hot. A. run B. to run C. running D. to be running 3. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _ went wrong again. A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired 4. We will have you _(know) that the machine has been made _(work) at full speed. 答案：1.B 2.C 3.C 4.know， to work 三leave作使役动词，表示“使/让保持某种状态”。 1. 用形容词作宾语补足语 出去时，不要关门。Leave the door open when you go out. 他的疾病使得他身体很虚弱。His illness left him very weak. 2. 还可用名词介词短语等作宾语补足语 他父母去年双双去世，留下他成为一个孤儿。 His parents both died last year， leaving him an orphan. 3. 用现在分词作宾语补足语 他们走开了，让我一个人坐在那儿。 They walked off and left me sitting there alone. 他出去时，把他的文件摊在桌子上。 He went out， leaving his papers lying open on the desk. 4. 用过去分词作宾语补足语 Did you leave the doors and windows properly fastened? He left a few questions unanswered. .感官动词后宾语补足语的用法 表示感觉和心理状态的动词，如hear， feel， find， listen to， look at， watch， notice， observe， smell， see等词后可以用省去to的动词不定式，现在分词及过去分词作宾语补足语。常见的句型有：(以hear为例) hear sb. do sth. heahear sth. done 填空选择题： 1. Ive never heard the song _(sing). 2. Do you smell something _(burn)? 3. Tom saw his parents _(get) into the car and _(drive) off. 4. He was seen _(drive) the car at high speed on the highway yesterday. 5. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _next year. A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out 6. Did you hear her _ this pop song this time the other day? Yes， and I heard this song _ in English. A. sing； singing B. sung； sung C. sung； singing D. singing； sung 7. I saw her _ when I came into the classroom. A. cry B. to cry C. crying D. cries 答案：1.sung 2.burning 3.get； drive 4.to drive 5.C 6.D 7.C .with+宾语+宾语补足语的结构 1. with+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语 1) 他过去常常开着窗子睡觉。 He used to sleep with the window open. 2) 他们离开了房间，灯还亮着。 They fled the room with lights still on. 3) 他双手放在口袋里走了进来。 He stepped in， with his hands in his pockets. 4) 脖子上没带项链的那位女士是玛丽的朋友。 The woman， without a necklace around her