英语 形态学.ppt.doc

形态学Morphology1词 素morpheme词素是单词的最小的有意义的组成部分。Childlike=Child+ like2词根经常被看做单词的一部分，它本身有清楚的确定的意义但却不能被单独使用。如bio-, tri-, aero-自由词素是独立的意义单位,自身能够单独使用,如drink, stand, moon等3 屈折词缀用来表明各种各样的语法关系或范畴，如数、时态、级和格等。4前 缀prefix一般来说，前缀只是改变词的意义，但并不改变其词类。5anti -auto -be -bi -bio -centi -co -con -com -col -cor -antiwarautobiographybefriend, belittlebiweeklybiospherecentigrade cooperation contemporary Compresscollect collaborate correspond correlate6contra - :counter - :de - :dis - :e - :en - : em - :ex - : extra - :contradict counterattackdevalue, de-emphasize disorder, disagreeeject, emerge encase embrace, empowerexclude extraordinary, extrasensory7fore- :in- :im- : il- : ir- : inter- : intra- :kilo- :forefatherinhuman, inadequate immoral/imbalanceillegal/illiterate irrelevant/irregularinternationalIntracity, introspection kilometer8macro- :micro- : mal- : mid- :mini- :mis- :mono- :multi- :non- :out- :over- :macroworld microworldmalcontent, malfunction midpoint, midwayminiwar misunderstandmonologue multilingualnonexistent outsize /outflow overstudy/overestimate9poly- :post- : pre- :pseudo- :re- :semi- :sub- :super- :tele- :therm- :polyfunctional,polyatomic postgraduate/postponeprehistory pseudosciencereact/reappearsemicircle subtropics/subcentralsupernatural/supervisetelephone/telescope thermal/thermometer10trans- :tri- :ultra- :un- : under-:uni- :vice- :transplant/transform tricycle/triangleultraclean/ultrared unreal/unlock undersea/underestimateuniform/uniquevice-president11后 缀 suffix一般来说，后缀不仅改变词的意义，而且使单词由一种词类转变为另一种词类。12-ability :-ibility : -age :-al : -an :-ian :-arian :-ance : -ence : 名词后缀 adaptability sensibilitymarriage/postage survival/betrayal American/republican comedian/Canadianhumanitarian/librariandisturbanceinsistence13-ancy :-ency :-ant :-ent : -cy :-dom :-ee :-er : -or :-ar :redundancy solvencyvibrant/assistant/relevantsentiment/absorbent/studentIntricacy/accuracy kingdomreturnee leader/washer/batterarbitrator/generatorliar/beggar/scholar名词后缀 14-ery :-ese :-ess :-ful :-hood : -ics :greenery/robbery Chinese/cantonesepoetess/hostesshandfulbachelorhood/childhoodathetics名词后缀 15-ion :-ition : -ation :-ism :-ist : -ity :-ty :-ment :-ness : 名词后缀 concision/cushion definition obligationempiricism/fatalism/tourism/alcoholism/humanismfeministabsurdity/diversity safety/specialtymovement/equipment Forwardness/carelessness16-ology :-ship :-sion :-ssion :-ure :名词后缀 biologyhardship/ kingship/airmanship visionexpression/permissionfailure/procedure17-en :-ify :-ize :-ise :动词后缀 shortenglorifypublicizememorise18形容词后缀 -able : -ible :-al: -an :-ian :-ant :-ent :-ary :-ory :-ate :believable/drinkableaccessiblepersonalurban Canadian resistant insistent honorary armorycoordinate/considerate19形容词后缀 -en :-ese :-free :-ful :-ics :-ical :-ish :-ive :woodenChinesedutyfree/painfreeforgetful/painfulelectronicsskepticalfiendish impassive20形容词后缀 -less :-like :-ly :-ous :-ious :-some :-ward :-wards :-y :careless/effortlessdreamliketimely/weekly/lovelymo