中考英语 复合句复习课件.ppt

mainlyrevisionofjuniorenglish goforit 九年级 complexsentences thecomplexsentencesinjuniorenglish 初中英语教材中涉及到的复合句主要有 theobjectclause 宾语从句 theadverbialclause 状语从句 和theattributiveclause 定语从句 其它诸如主语从句 表语从句 同位语从句等形式的复合句尽管在教材中也有出现 但在中考中没有被列为重点考查范围 theobjectclause 宾语从句 宾语从句是英语中用来充当宾语的句子 带有宾语从句的那个句子叫主句 宾语从句一般由 引导词 主语 谓语 其它 构成 其语序是陈述句语序 a introducedbythat主句的谓语动词是say think tell know hear see feel mean hope wish remember forget等时 或主句的谓语动词是由形容词afraid glad sure sorry等作表语的系表结构时 后面常接that引导的宾语从句 e g hesaysthathewantstospeaktotheheadmaster i msorry that heisn thererightnow note 1 that的省略 that引导的宾语从句用来陈述事实 that本身无词义 在从句中不作任何成分 在口语中或非正式文体中常常可被省略 e g iguess that somebodyelsehasborrowedit i mafraid that you llhavetowait 2 宾语从句的否定转移 主句是i wethink suppose guess believe等时 从句中的否定习惯上要转移到主句中 如 我认为鸡不会游泳 误 ithinkchickenscannotswim 正 idon tthinkchickenscanswim 此外 上述情况在变成反意疑问句时 附加疑问句要看从句 如果主句的主语不是第一人称 则附加疑问句要看主句 试比较 ithinkheiswrong isn the hethinksheisright doesn the back b introducedbyif whetherif whether都可作宾语从句的引导词 意为 是否 在一般情况下可以互换 if多用于口语和非正式文体中 whether则多用于比较正式的文体中 如 e g sheaskedmeif whethericouldhelpherwithherenglish idon tknowif whetheritisgoingtorain back note 只用whether的四种情况 1 在介词后i mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgofishing 2 直接与ornot连用时idon tknowwhetherornottheywillcometohelpus 3 在动词discuss后面的宾语从句中wediscussedwhetherwewouldhaveasportsmeetingnextweek 4 宾语从句提前时只能用whetherwhetherthisistrueornot ican tsay back c introducedbyrelativepronounsandadverbs 连接代词和连接副词 一 构成 1 1 宾语从句可由连接代词what who whom which等引导 它们在宾语从句中可作主语 宾语 表语和定语等 因此不能省略 doyouknowwhowillcomethisafternoon 作主语 didyouhearwhathesaid 作宾语 idon tknowwhosethatis 作表语 couldyoutellmewhichgatewehavetogoto 作gate的定语 2 宾语从句可由连接副词when where how why等引导 它们在宾语从句中作状语 不可省略 wedidn tknowwhenshewouldcomeback couldyoutellmehowicangettothepostoffice nooneknowswhysheislateagain 二 难点 1 避免重复出现连接代词或连接副词 e g ican tseethatwhatisoverthere 应去掉that 2 从句中的语序为陈述语序 e g doyouknowhowoldisshe 应改为 howoldsheis 3 从句中的时态与主句时态前后呼应 e g shedidn ttellmewhenshewillcome 应改为 whenshewouldcome 三 转换 由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句可用疑问代词和疑问副词 动词不定式替代 进行句型上的转换 e g i venoideawhatwe regoingtodonext i venoideawhattodonext couldyoutellmehowicangettothepostoffice couldyoutellmehowtogettothepostoffice 四 宾语从句的时态主句中谓语动词是一般现在时 从句中谓语动词的时态不受限制 可根据具体情况选用适当的时态 主句谓语动词是一般过去时 从句中也必须要用某种过去时态 以保持时态的前后呼应 特别要注意的是当宾语从句表示的是客观真理 科学原理 自然现象 名言时 则用一般现在时 不受主句时态的限制 试比较 hesaysthathewantstoseehimassoonaspossible hesaidthathewantedtoseehimassoonaspossible tomsaysthatheismendinghiscar tomsaidthathewasmendinghiscar theteachertoldusthattheearthgoesroundthesun 宾语从句中考题练兵 一 单项选择 1 idon tthinkhewillcomehereontime 重庆 a won theb willhec doeshed ishe 2 willyoupleasetellme 上海 a wherepudongairportisb howfarpudongairportwasc howcanwegettopudongairportd whenwaspudongairportbuilt 3 it snotpolitetoaskpeopleinengland 常州 a howmuchmoneyyouhavegotb whattheweatherislikec whatyourcitylooksliked howoldareyou 4 iwonderifhetonight ifhe i llletyouknow 扬州 a willcome willcomeb comes comesc willcome comesd comes willcome b a a c 5 ican tsayiwanttoseehimagain wehaven tseeneachotherfornearlythreeyears 镇江 a howlongb howsoonc howoftend howmuch 6 mr greentoldmethatheonatripnextsunday 通化 a aregoingb wasgoingc willgod wouldgoing 7 ourgeographyteachertoldusthatjapantheeastofchina 河北 a isinb wasinc istod wasto 8 nobodyknowshe llcomeornot 辽宁 a thatb ifc d whether d b c d 二 按要求改写句子1 doyouwanttotrysomethingnew tom smotheraskedhim 改为复合句 句意不变 济南 tom smotheraskedhimtotrysomethingnew 2 couldyoutellmethewaytothestation 改写句子 句意不变 青岛 couldyoutellmetothestation 3 ihavefinishedmyhomework johntoldme 改为复合句 句意不变 天津 johntoldmethathomework 4 idon thowicanreachthezoo 改为简单句 宿迁 idon tknowthezoo if whether he wanted how i can get he had finished his how to get to 三 根据汉语提示 完成句子 1 我还没有决定是否去参加迈克的生日聚会 黑龙江 ihaven tdecidediwillgotomike sbirthdayparty 2 据说在南京长江上又建了一座桥 南京 it ssaidthatbridge overthechangjiangriverinnanjing 3 请你告诉我这把锁是用什么制成的好吗 无锡 wouldyoupleasetellmeme 4 你能告诉我他从美国回来多久了 canyoutellme whether or not another is being built whatthislockismadeof howlonghehasbeenbackfromtheusa theadverbialclause 状语从句 状语从句是副词性从句 其句法功能是修饰谓语或整个句子等 在句中作状语 通常由从属连词引导 a theadverbialclauseoftime 时间状语从句 introducedbywhen 表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生 意为 当 时 e g whenyougetoffthebus youmustn tpushothers 2 introducedbybefore 表示主句发生的动作发生在从句动作之前 意为 在 之前 e g theyhadalreadyhadbreakfastbeforetheywenttoschool 3 introducedbyafter 表示主句发生的动作发生在从句动作之后 意为 在 之后 e g theytalkedaboutthepartyafterthepeopleleft 4 introducedbyuntil 表示主句发生的动作发生在从句动作之前 意为 直到 为止 主句用肯定式 谓语是延续性的动词 表示动作一直延续到until所表示的时间为止 e g iwillwaituntilhecomes note until用于否定句时 主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前 并且谓语动词是非延续性动词 表示某一动作到until所表示的时间才发生 not until意为 直到 才 e g shewon tgotobeduntilshefinishesherhomework 5 introducedbyassoonas 表示主句发生的动作发生在从句动作之后 意为 一 就 e g mybrotherwentoutassoonasigothome note 在时间状语从句中 主句和从句之间的时态应按下列规律确定 1 主句一般将来时 从句用一般现在时 e g theboywillbeawriterwhenhegrowsup 2 主句含有情态动词 从句用一般现在时 e g whenthelightsarered thetrafficmuststop 3 主句为祈使句时 从句用一般现在时 e g pleasedon tgotobedbeforeyoufinishyourhomework 4 主句为一般过去时 从句也用过去时态 e g ilikedreadingwheniwasyoung b theadverbialclauseofplace 地点状语从句 1 introducedbywheree g putthemedicinewhereyoucaneasilygetit 2 introducedbywherevere g i llgowhereveryougo c theadverbialclauseofmanner 方式状语从句 1 introducedbyase g i lldoallthethingsasyoutoldme 2 introducedbyasif though 可用陈述语气表示符合事实的情况 也可用虚拟语气表示与事实相反的情况 e g itlooksasifit sgoingtorain helooksasifhewereyoung 3 introducedbythewaye g idon tlikethewayhetalks d theadverbialclauseofreason 原因状语从句 1 introducedbybecausebecause语气最强 它着重说明原因 用why提问的问句必须用because回答 不能用as since e g whydidn thecome becausehewasill 2 introducedbysincesince语气比较弱 表示关系上的自然结果 尤其用于对已经清楚了的因素 常译成 既然 鉴于 通常从句放在主句前 e g sincealotofpeoplemakemistakesinlife mrsmithwantedtogivejohnachance 3 introducedbyasas语气最弱 只表示一般的因果关系 从句放在主句前或后均可 e g ashedidn tknowthemeaningoftheword helookeditupinhisdictionary note for是并列连词 引导的句子不置于句首 是一种非直接的 随便附加说明的理由或推断 e g theoilmustbeout forthelightwentout e theadverbialclauseofcondition 条件状语从句 1 条件状语从句通常由if或unless ifnot 引导 从句中常用一般时代替将来时 即if或unless后的句子谓语用一般现在时或一般过去时 但是 主句则通常用将来时 情态动词或祈使句 e g ifhedoesn tcomeontime wewon tknowwhattoknow hemustcomeifheistold pleaseletmeknowifhecomesback i llgothereunlessitrains 2 if条件句的替代形式 1 祈使句 and or 陈述句 谓语动词通常用将来时态 其中 and表示句意顺承 or表示转折 意为 否则 e g ifyouworkhard you llpasstheexameasily workhard andyou llpasstheexameasily ifyoudon tworkhard you llfallbehindothers workhard oryou llfallbehindothers 2 用介词with without的替代形式 e g ifthereisnowater thefishmaydie fishmaydiewithoutwater ifyouhelpme i llfinishmytaskontime withyourhelp i llfinishmytaskontime f theadverbialclauseofconcession 让步状语从句 1 introducedbythough althoughe g thoughhetriedmanytimes hefailedtoworkitout 2 introducedbywh evere g whateverhesays nomatterwhathesays don tbelievehim 3 introducedbyevenif eventhoughe g evenifheispoor shelovesherhusband hemaybepoor yetsheloveshim 即使他穷了 她也仍然爱他 eventhoughheispoor shestilllovesherhusband heispoor yetsheloveshim 尽管他穷 但她仍然爱他 g theadverbialclauseofresult 结果状语从句 1 introducedbysothate g therearebigtreesaroundthehousesothatitcanhardlybeseenbypassers by 2 introducedbyso that such thate g hewalkedsofastthaticouldn tkeepupwithhim hemadesuchagoodreportthateverybodywaspleased h theadverbialclauseofpurpose 目的状语从句 1 introducedbysothate g hegotupmuchearlierthanusualsothathecouldcatchthefirstbus 2 introducedbyso thate g heexplaineditsoclearlythathewantedeveryoneofustounderstandhimbetter i theadverbialclauseofcomparison 比较状语从句 1 introducedbyas as notso as than e g thisquestionisnotsodifficultasithought thefilmismuchbetterthanweexpected 2 introducedbythemore themoree g themoreheheardthesong thelesshelikedit 状语从句中考题练兵 一 单项选择 1 somebodyrangmeupjustnow buthehungupicouldanswerthephone 无锡 a whenb untilc befored since 2 mrsmithusuallyreadsanewspaperhe swaitingforthebus 徐州 a ifb thec becaused while 3 youmustleaveherenowyourmothercangetsomemorerest 常州 a becauseb thoughc sothatd so 4 themeetingisimportantthatyoumustn tmissit 盐城 a veryb suchc sod too c d c c 5 i mgoingtothesupermarket youarethere wouldyoupleasebuymesomevegetables 镇江 a ifb becausec whiled after 6 doyouknowwhathedidallday 镇江 hespentasmuchtimeplayingashe a studyingb wasstudyingc studiedd didstudying 7 ifmgino2 wemgo anditcombinationreaction 化学变化 泰州 a willburn get callsb burns willget calledc willburn canget iscallingd burns willget iscalled 8 hetalkedwithherforalongtime hefailedtoconvince 说服 her 黄冈 a thoughb butc sinced as c d d a 二 同义句改写1 whereverheis hecanmakehimselfathome 广州 heis hecanmakehimselfathome 2 misssmithlefthereaftertherainstopped 淮安 misssmithleaveheretherainstopped 3 ifyouworkhard youwillpasstheexam 盐城 andyouwillpasstheexam 4 tomwastoohappytogettosleep 大连 tomwashappyhecouldn t 5 getoffthebuswhenthedrivertellsyou 宁夏 don tgetoffthebusyou no matter where didn t until work hard so that fall asleep until are told to 三 根据汉语提示 完成句子 1 你看的历史书籍越多 你了解的知识就越多 无锡 themoreknowledgeyou llget 2 他是一个好人 与每个人都相处的很好 常州 heissuchakindman 3 山姆一拿到新书就迫不及待地看了起来 连云港 samcouldn twaittoreadthenewbook 4 尽管学电脑花费许多时间 但我认为学好它还是有用的 南京 ithinkitusefultolearncomputerwell 5 看起来要下雨了 甘肃 itlooks themorehistorybooksyouread thathegetsonwellwitheveryone assoonashegotit thoughittakesmuchtime asifit sgoingtorain theattributiveclause 定语从句 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词 定语从句必须放在先行词之后 对其先行词起限定作用 thisistom tomgaveusatalkyesterday thisistomwho that gaveusatalkyesterday 先行词定语从句引导定语从句的关系代词有 who whom whose that which引导定语从句的关系副词有 where when why 一 who whom whose引导的定语从句 1 who在从句中作主语 不可省略 它所引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词必须是人 e g thisisthedoctorwhocameheryesterday 2 whom在从句中作宾语 它所引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词必须是人 可以省略 e g theman whom yousawlastweekhasleftthetown 注意 在从句中作介词宾语时 介词一般可放在whom之前 也可放在原来的位置上 在含有介词的固定动词词组中介词只能放在原来的位置上 e g a themanfromwhomiborrowedthebookislilei themanwhomiborrowedthebookfromislilei 前句中的whom不可省略 后句中的whom可省略 b thegirlwhomheistakingcareofisill takecareof是固定词组 3 whose在从句中作定语 表示所属关系 其所修饰的先行词既可是人也可是物 e g iknowthewomanwhosehusbandisadoctor helivesinthehousewhosewindowfacessouth 二 that which引导的定语从句 这两个代词均指物 它们所引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词是物 通常情况下 它们可以互换 1 that which在从句中作主语 不可省略 e g heroisthefilmthat whichwasdirectedbyzhangyimou 2 that which在从句中作宾语 可以省略 e g isthisthefilm that which youtalkedaboutlastweek 注意 关系代词在作介词宾语时 只能用which且不能省略 e g thehouseinwhichheoncelivedisameeting room thehouse which heoncelivedinisameeting room 知识拓展 引导定语从句的关系代词that和which 在一般情况下 尽管可以互换使用 但在下列情况下 只能用that 而不用which 1 先行词是复合不定代词everything anything nothing等时 e g shedidn tforgetanything that hermotherhadtoldhertobuy 2 先行词被序数词或thelast修饰时 e g thisisthefirsttextbook that istudiedintheprimaryschool heisinthelastrowthatisnexttothewindow 3 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时 e g thatisthehighestbuilding that ihaveeverseen 4 先行词被theonly thevery thesame等修饰时 e g thisistheverynovel that youwanttoborrow 5 先行词是或被all no some any little much等修饰时 e g i vewrittendownall that theteacherdoesn tallowustodo theyhaven tgotanydictionaries that weneed 6 先行词既包含人又包含物时 e g hetoldusmanyinterestingthingsandpersons that wehadneverheard 7 主句是以who which引导的特殊疑问句时 e g whoistheman that youspoketojustnow whichisthebookthat