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关键词：: 线材轧机机械设计机械设备毕业设计中轧线材轧机设计

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350中轧线材轧机设计

350中轧线材轧机设计【优秀机械设备而全套课程毕业设计含6张CAD图纸】

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350中轧线材轧机设计

摘要

线材的用途很广，在国民经济中有着大量的应用。中轧线材轧机是将粗轧钢坯进一步轧制，为精轧线材轧机轧制各种规格的成品线材提供原料。

中轧线材轧机在线材生产中起着非常重要的作用，为精轧线材轧机的进一步轧制创造条件。

本设计按照给定的压下规程和轧制速度计算轧制力和轧制力矩，选择主电机容量。对主要零件进行了强度计算，并对该轧机的经济效益进行了评价。该轧机采用三辊轧制。轴承采用胶木瓦材料。结构采用闭式机架。传动轴采用了梅花连接轴，便于换辊，拆卸方便。

在设计中将压上机构改成调整楔块和调整丝杆，解决了压上装置的封闭问题；取消了H形架，由2根撑杆和一个中辊上瓦座代替，消除了H形架变形断裂事故，保证了轧制生产的稳定性。

该轧机适合被中小型线材厂采用，它可以满足品种繁多的产品需要，而且比线材连轧机组投资少，见效快，更灵活。

关键词：线材，中轧轧机，闭试机架

The Design of 350 Middle Rolling Wire Stock Mill

Abstract

The use of wire stock is very wide in country economy. Middle rolling wire stock mill is make rough rolling billet steel more roll,providing with raw material for fine rolling to gain various standard finish product wire stock.

Middle rolling wire stock roll play a great role in production of wire stock,and create a favorable condition for futher roll of fine rolling wire stock mill.

This paper computes draught pressure and roll torque and chooses main electric engine volume in term of the given presse rules and roll velocity. it also computes the strength of main parts and evaluates the economy benefit of roll. The roll adopts three roller to roll. Mechanical bearing adopts bakelite watt material. Structure adopts closing mode framework. Drive shaft adopts wobbler spindle to make replace more convenience .

In the course of design, put the press up device modify to adjust wedge block and adjust lead screw, solving the problem of closing of press up device; use two roots bar stay and one middle roll watt bed instead of H mode frame, avoiding the accident distortion and fracture of H mode frame resulted in, ensuring the safty of roll product.

This mill adapt to middle or miniature wire stock factory, it may meet various products ’need,and invest fewer, act rapidly, agility than wire stock tandem mill.

Key words:wire stock, middle rolling mill, closing mode framework

1 绪论1

1.1 选择的背景和目的1

1.2 线材轧机在我国内部的发展趋势2

1.2.1 线材车间轧机布置的改进2

1.2.2 采用无扭精轧机组，发展现代化车间2

1.2.3采用恒方微张力轧制3

1.2.4对传动系统的改进方向3

1.2.5控制冷却和性能控制3

1.3 中轧线材轧机的研究方法和内容4

1.3.1 线材生产车间的平面布置和中轧机的作用4

1.3.2 线材车间生产工艺5

1.3.3 中轧线材轧机的研究内容和方法5

2 方案的选择与评价6

2.1 方案的选择6

2.2 方案评述6

3 主电机容量的选择8

3.1 轧制力的计算8

3.1.1 轧辊主要尺寸的确定8

3.1.2 轧制规程9

3.1.3 轧制力的计算11

3.2 电机轴上力矩的计算21

3.3 电机容量的选择25

4 主要零件的强度计算29

4.1轧辊的强度计算29

4.2 轧辊轴承的验算33

5 减速器齿轮的设计计算36

5.1 减速器的速比分配36

5.2 减速器齿轮的计算36

6 润滑方法的选择44

6.1 轧辊轴承的润滑44

6.2 人字齿轮座及其支撑轴承的润滑44

7 试车方法和对控制系统的要求45

7.1 试车要求45

7.2 对控制系统的要求45

8 设备可靠性与经济评价46

8.1 机械设备的有效度46

8.2 投资回收期46

结论48

致谢49

参考文献50

附录51

1 绪论

1.1 选择的背景和目的

线材的用途很广，在国民经济各部分中都有着大量的应用。除了建筑等还可以作为其它加大工车间的原料，如拔丝车间、钢绳车间、钢丝网车间和螺丝车间等都有应用。线材生产的特点是轧制断面小、长度长的螺纹钢，最小断面为∮0.5毫米线材。线材轧制是将120×120毫米断面轧成33×33毫米的断面是粗轧阶段，从33×33毫米断面轧成17×17毫米断面一般称为中轧，继续将断面变小到∮10毫米以下称为精轧。轧制过程中轧件散热快、温变快、特别是头尾变黑，使得轧制困难。因此，控制轧制过程中的温度是最重要的。

随着盘重的增加，轧件的长度加大，表面散热加大，由于轧制时间长，造成轧制沿长产生不同温度，造成轧件尺寸波动大，影响轧件的机械性能。沿长度波动很大。这样就给调整工作带来更大困难。更容易出现耳子。在轧制过程盘重大的轧件轧制道次多,温降也大,温度变化是线材轧机非常重要的因素。一般为提高生产率、提高产品质量，都采用钢坯一次轧制，一次加热成材。在断面小道次多的情况下只有采用高速轧制才可以解决温降的大问题。

线材轧机轧制道次多，轧机的布置就多。为保证温度，只有采用高的线速度轧制才能解决温度降的问题。由于高速轧制的发展，轧机在轧制过程中易产生冲击，给线材生产又带来安全问题，所以要孔型和前后导卫配置合理采用耐磨材料防止快速磨损。线材生产由横列式向连续式发展。而且采用自动化、高速化。由于轧制速度快，轧后冷却需要配合发展不同工艺的冷却方法，使线材质量有了很大的提高。随着原料、加热、轧制和精整工序新技术的采用，使线材产品满足国民经济快速发展的线材需求量。

为了提高生产率，采用钢坯一火成材，即加热一次轧制成线材产品。线材轧机合为粗轧、中轧和精轧三个机组。为保证线材的性能和表面质量以及内部晶粒组织，要求轧机进行改造更新，采用新技术改变轧制工艺。近年来采用的高速轧制，出现了无扭轧制的新型轧机。

这次设计选择中轧线材轧机设计。中轧轧机可采用二重式或复二重式布置。轧机采用三辊轧机。在我国不少中小型线材厂采用，它可以满足品种繁多产品的需要，而且投资少见效快。又比较灵活，仍在采用的一种轧机。350中轧线材轧机孔型采用椭圆—方孔型，轧辊采用冷硬铸铁，采用“拉而不紧”的围盘、最大轧制速度为3.5米/秒。通过三辊轧机设计，提高单体机械设备的设计能力。同时也了解该轧机在线材轧机组的地位和作用，培养设计的综合能力。

参考文献

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[10]JIANG. Zhi-qiang,FENG Xi-lan. International Journal of Plant Engineering and Management[J]. China：Chinese Publishing House，2004.

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内容简介：: 鞍山科技大学本科生毕业设计第 1 页附录 A Integrating Tension Leveling Systems into Continuous Processing Lines The demand for higher quality has required all participants in the manufactureing sequence to improve their product. Flat rolled metal finishers have looked to shape improvement., via tension leveling ,as a means to achieve this goal. The issues of equipment location and integration , leveler and bridle configurations, drive system options and drive controls are considerations that must be addressed. The incorporation of tension leveling into a continuous processing line requires a decision as to its primary purpose. The priority of the criteria, ie, improved shape, improved processing or both , determines its location in the line. If final shape is the only criterion, the leveling equipment should be located in either the process or delivery section is undesirable. However, this location does have the advantages of minimal chance of material damage before recoiling and it is unnecessary to increase accumulator and exit bridle roll diameters. Both locations have the advantage of processing clean material but there is the disadvantage of possible pick up (in the case of coating lines) on the bridle and leveler rolls. In the case of process lines with planting or coating units, it is necessary to insure that the finish will not be affected by the elongation produced by the leveling process. For improved processing, the tension leveler is located in either the entry section or the beginning of the process section before or after cleaning. The entry section location has the advantage of allowing a leveler roll change during a coil change but there is the disadvantage of tension transient from stopping and jogging. The process section after the cleaning unit location has the advantage eliminating dirt contamination on the bridle and leveler rolls. In addition, it may reduce the number of bridle rolls and eliminate the need for a collection system for the oil squeezed from nts 鞍山科技大学本科生毕业设计第 2 页 the strip by the leveler rolls. Almost all of the systems installed in tinning, pickling and electrogalvanizing lines have been located in the beginning of the process section. Hot dip galvanizing lines have units after coating with an equal number in the process or delivery section. In annealing lines, the units have been located in the delivery section, while paint lines have them in the entry section. Configuration Once the location is determined, the system can be configured. The configuration include: Leveler configuration(manufacturer). Leveler work roll diameter(manufacturer). Leveler module configuration(manufacturer). Bridle roll size(manufacturer or user). Bridle roll covering(manufacturer or user). Driver configuration(manufacturer or user). Driver integration(manufacturer). The leveler configuration and module design vary with the type of material and location of the leveler in the process line. Essentially, the leveler consists of four or more work roll modules and a curvature correction (crossbow) module .The size and number of work rolls is a function of material thickness range, yield strengths, line speed, elongation and tension constraints. Work roll diameter is determined by the highest yield strength at the minimum thickness (maximum diameter) and the maximum thickness (minimum diameter) for type of materials to be processed. Leveler modules Work roll diameters are small; therefore, support structures are required to provide rigidity. For ease of maintenance, work rolls and their backup systems are configured into removable modules. The modules are configured to provide the work roll rigidity nts 鞍山科技大学本科生毕业设计第 3 页 without restricting the angle of wrap. The most common module configurations are: 1. Work roll supported by two large diameter full-faced backup rolls. 2. Work roll supported by small diameter segmented backup rolls. 3.Work roll supported by two medium diameter full-faced backup rolls supported by three rows of segmented backup rolls. 4. Work roll supported by two medium to relatively large diameter full-faced backup rolls, each supported by two narrow-faced rolls. Modules employing segmented or narrow-faced backup rolls do not use automatic lubrication system because of the possibility of contaminating the strip. this type of module requires planned maintemance base on footage processed due to the lied amount of pre-lubrication. Measures taken to extend module life are a function of the type of line and location of the leveler in the line the levelers work rolls may be chrome plated to prevent pickup and/or rusting. The backup rolls may be grooved to remove contaminants and coated to extend life and/or prevent rust. Result via tension leveling is an important facility in the producing line of steels hot-rolling. The via tension leveling should provide qualified billets gratifying the request of the rolling process. A great deal of research work has been done to reduce the energy consumption of the via tension leveling. Some useful achievements were presented in the literature, including the optimal setting method and combustion control for the reheating furnace. However, up to now the reheating process and the rolling process have been controlled separately, which can not bring along the optimizing of the total energy consumption of the hot-rolling process, the facility usage and the production quality, although the optimizing of the energy consumption of the reheating furnace were considered by several control methods. In order to reduce the total energy consumption of the reheating process and the rolling process, and to decrease nts 鞍山科技大学本科生毕业设计第 4 页 producing accidents at the same time, this paper presents a new object-oriented integrated optimal control strategy of the hot-rolling process based on the modeling of reheating process with rolling process cooperatively, which provides a better solution to the above-mentioned problem. The billet temperature is an important parameter that connects the reheating process and the rolling process, and this paper establishes a mathematical model of the variety of the billet temperature using mechanism analysis and discrete state space method. The mathematical model establishes the stable foundation for the integrated optimal control of the reheating process and reheating process. The issues of reheating furnace temperature optimal setting and combustion control method design are important to achieve the integrated optimal control of the reheating process and the rolling process. This paper analyzes deeply the question of how to determine and optimize the objective function in the tension leveling setting, and improves the existing method to make the via tension leveling setting accord with the aim of producing process better. Also, this paper presents a new combustion control method by means of the optimizing of air-fuel ratio, which is realized by combining the feedforward of fuel analysis with feedback of surviving oxygen analysis. In order to solve the question of furnace temperature optimizing on line, this paper presents an integrated optimal control strategy of the hot-rolling process based on the abstraction of fuzzy rule and neural network. This strategy can feed the production information of the rolling process back to the reheating process in time, and can give the presetting value of the furnace temperature corresponding dynamic compensation. In order to apply the integrated optimal control method for the hot-rolling process, this paper establishes a via tension leveling -feedback-oriented and rolling-load-feedback-oriented integrated optimal control model respectively and simulation results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the scheme. nts 鞍山科技大学本科生毕业设计第 5 页附录 B 集成张力水平系统在连续轧制线的应用关于较高的质量的要求已在制造的序列中要求所有参与者改进他们的产品。套间卷金属成品机已看到形状上的改进 .通过张力水平测量系统 ,作为一种手段，来达到这个目的。设备位置，综合，水平和装置的配置，驱动系统选择和驱动系统的控制等问题是必须被提出考虑的。把张力水平系统结合进一条连续的轧制线要求对于其主要的目的做一个决定。标准的优先包括改进形状，改进处理或者两个兼顾，以及在工艺线上确定其位置。如果最后的形状是唯一的标准，张力水平设备位于过程段或者发送段都是不合乎需要的。然而，这位置确实在倒退之前有材料破坏的最小限度的机会的优点和增加累积和出口活套张紧辊的直径是不必要的。两种位置都有处理清洁材料的优点但是在和水平卷上有可能不利于拾起 (例如在涂漆线 )的情况。在带有电镀或者涂漆单元的轧制线的情况下，保证结束将不会被张力水平系统过程生产的延长所影响是必要。对于工艺改进方面，张力水平系统即不位于进入段或者过程段的清扫前后。进入段位置有在一个线圈变化期间允许一个水平卷变化的优点但是在停止和颠簸时移动有张力瞬时微动的不利现象。在清扫的单元位置之后的过程段有除去活套和水平卷的尘土污染的优势。此外，它可能减少活套张紧辊的数目并且免去了一个收集系统去收集从水平张力系统的辊子中榨出的油液的必要。几乎所有的被安装了镀锡，酸洗和电镀锌操作线的系统都已经被安排在轧制线的开始阶段。在涂漆段后与轧制段和运输段有相等数目的热沾镀锌工作线。在退火工作线上，热沾镀锌工作线被设计安排在运输段，然而涂漆工作线上，它被放在入口。配置情况：一旦位置被确定，系统能被构成。配置包括：水平配置 (制造厂 ) 水平工作辊直径 (制造厂 ) 水平模块配置 (制造厂 ) nts 鞍山科技大学本科生毕业设计第 6 页张紧辊尺寸（制造厂、客户）张紧辊的支撑（制造厂、客户）驱动配置（制造厂、客户）驱动装置的集成 (制造厂 ) 水平配置和模块设计随着材料的类型和过程线中的水平的位置变化而变化。实质上，水平配置包括四或者更多工作辊模块和一种曲率纠正 ( crossbow )模块。工作辊的大小和数量是材料厚度范围，屈服强度，线速度，延长和张力约束的一种功能。工作辊直径由在材料的类型的最小的厚度 (最大限度直径 )和最大限度厚度 (最小限度直径 )的最高的产量能力确定。水平配置的模块：工作辊直径是小的；因此，支持结构被要求提供足够的刚度。对于维护的容易，工作辊和他们的备份系统由被可拆卸的模块构成的。模块被构成提供工作辊刚度而没有限制包裹的角度。最普通的模块配置是： 1. 工作辊被两条大直径支撑辊充分支撑。 2. 被小直径分割支持辊的工作辊。 3. 被两条中等的直径支持被三列的分割的备份若干辊支持的充足接触的备份辊的工作辊。 4. 工作辊被两个媒介支持到比较大的直径充足接触，而大直径辊子又被两列狭窄的接触的辊支持。由于污染的可能性使用分割或者狭窄的接触的备份辊的模块不使用自动润滑系统。这种被计划好的模块的维护基于胶片长度要求因为躺的量的前润滑而处理。被采取来扩展模块生活的措施是线的类型和水平的工作可能是被镀防止拾起的铬的线中的水平的位置的一种功能卷和 /或者生锈。备份辊可能被作槽移去污染物并且被涂上一层以延长寿命或者防止生锈。目前的张力水平系统特征模块很容易接近换辊或者清洁轧辊的模块。当水平张力在操作中和模块当线操作时，他可能被提取在一些实例中。这在要求最小限度的停工时间的连续的线上是特别地重要的，以及一旦一个nts 鞍山科技大学本科生毕业设计第 7 页月计划中断。此外，模块被做出是可互换的；同时，这样被要求是自我联合。他当被要求在严紧的公差，特别是在 00.5毫米之内是水平时，是十分重要的工作棍和与之相互平行。对于最佳水准测量，一个张力水平系统被提供格网调整许可把张力系统的比率改变成为为了一次特定的延长把压力折弯。调整可能被枢轴或者被单独的顶端或者底模块运动做水平顶端或者底框架。当前的最新进展单独的顶端或者底模块运动当前的最新进展水平系统包括节省通过一种产品代码并且回想起自动地并且定位到新的价值的能力设置。活套张紧辊活套张紧辊直径和接触物通常被机器建设者确定但是当可适用时现有的辊设计可能被使用。活套张紧辊直径是减少他的费用的保持的商业区辊和啮合系统组成部分。在式样翻新中，活套张紧辊大小可能在系统的最后位置中是确定的因素。在防止或者保持到被在辊周围折弯引起的实际最小的线圈装置基础上最小的直径确定。因此，它是重要的，机器制造者为了整个的产品范围被获悉最小的产量力量和厚度。活套张紧辊覆盖物被

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