英语阅读牛人老师绝版课件11.28.doc

II. Detailed Study of the Text 1) The Power and Freedom of Commitment 【译文】相伴承诺的力量与自由commitment: n.(1) a promise or obligation to do sth. or to behave in a particular way; a promise to support sb./sth. 承（许，允）诺e.g. Im overworked at the moment Ive taken on too many commitments. Our company has a commitment to quality and customer service.(2) state of being dedicated or devoted 致力，献身e.g. We are looking for someone with a real sense of commitment to the job. commit v. 做（不合法的、错的事），犯（罪）；承诺，保证e.g. commit a crime 犯罪 commit suicide 自杀The President is committed to reforming health care. 2) On our wedding day, Tony and I pledged to each other: “I will place my trust in the goodness of your heart; the holiness of our union; and the healing, transforming power of commitment and love.” 【译文】婚礼那天，托尼和我许下誓言：“我会信任你的善良，婚姻的神圣以及承诺和真爱所具有的抚慰和改变自我的力量。”pledge: v. to make a formal, usually public, promise that you will do something 发誓；保证e.g. The government pledged their support for the plan. At the fund-raising dinner Moore pledged $100,000 to the orchestra.pledge: n. solemn promise, vow 誓言，誓约，保证e.g. Management has given a pledge that there will be no job cuts this year. They have made a pledge never to reveal the secret.3) I have come to understand and appreciate the meaning of these words in a much deeper way. 【译文】慢慢地，我开始懂得并更深刻地理解了这些话的含义。appreciate: v.(1) to understand how good or useful sb. or sth. is 理解；体会到 e.g. I appreciate your problem, but I dont think I can help you.You dont seem to appreciate how busy I am.(2) to recognize the good qualities of sb./sth. 欣赏，赏识，高度评价值；了解并欣赏；ate your problem, but Ie.g. You cant fully appreciate foreign literature in translation.I really appreciate a good cup of tea.(3) to be grateful for sth that sb has done; to welcome sth 感激，感谢e.g. Thanks ever so much for your help, I really appreciate it.I would appreciate it if you paid in cash.appreciation: n. understanding and enjoyment 欣赏；感激e.g. She shows little appreciation of good music. It helps children to develop an appreciation of poetry and literature. 4) It brings to our mind images of sacrifice, loss of freedom, and the diminishing of possibilities and choices. 【译文】它让人想到牺牲、失去自由、可能性和机会减少。 sacrifice: n. the fact of giving up sth. important or valuable to you in order to get or do sth. that seems more important; sth. that you give up in this way 牺牲；牺牲品e.g. He became a top sportsman at some sacrifice to himself.v. to give up sth that is important or valuable to you in order to get or do sth that seems more important for yourself or for another person 牺牲，献身e.g.She sacrificed everything for her children.She sacrificed her career to marry him.diminish: v.(1) to become or to make sth. become smaller, weaker, etc. 减少（低，弱，小）e.g. His strength has diminished over the years. Nothing could diminish peoples enthusiasm for Christmas shopping.(2) to make sb./sth. seem less important than they really are 减低（重要性），贬低e.g. The opposition are trying to diminish our achievement. I dont wish to diminish the importance of their contribution. 5) If were really honest with ourselves, what many of us hope for in a “committed relationship” is that another person will be committed to us while we reserve the right to keep the back door open for ourselves: If were truly honest, what many of us hope for in married life is that another person will commit himself/herself wholly to us while we have the right to not commit wholly. 【译文】如果坦然面对内心，我们会发现很多人在“承诺关系”中所期望的都是对方能忠于承诺，而我们却为自己留有后路。 reserve: v.(1) ( sth. for sb./sth.) to keep sth. for sb./sth., so that it cannot be used by any other person or for any other reason 保（留，存）e.g. Id prefer to reserve judgment until I know all the facts. These seats are reserved for special guests.(2) to ask for a seat, table, room, etc. to be available for you or sb. else at a future time 预定或保留座位、住处等e.g. She reserved a table for two in the name of Hill.reserve: n. a supply of sth. that is available to be used in the future or when it is needed 储备（物，量）e.g. The country has foreign currency reserves of $83 billion. They sold half the wood and kept the rest in reserve for winter. 6) This is true, not only of how we think of commitment in our relationships, but in many other things as well for instance, when we think of committing fully to a spiritual path, to our work, and so on: It is true not only of how we think of promises in marriage but also in many other things, for example, when we think of committing wholly to a spiritual belief, to our work, etc. 【译文】事实的确如此。这不仅体现在与他人的承诺关系中，也体现在其它很多方面譬如全身心投入一段灵魂之旅或一份工作等等。7) 10）We hold back a part of ourselves, thus we withhold a part of our own life force.【译文】但保留部分自我的同时，我们自己的生命力也被部分地限制住了。(1) (from) to hesitate or to make sb. hesitate to act or speak 退缩，踌躇e.g. She held back, not knowing how to break the terrible news. She held back from telling him what she thought of him.(2) to stop yourself from feeling or showing a particular emotion 抑制住（感情等）e.g. Anger flooded through her. She couldnt hold it back. He bravely held back his tears. 8) 11) Somehow the idea of “keeping our options open” gives us an illusion of freedom. 【译文】“保留回旋余地”的想法让我们对自由充满幻想。illusion: n. something that seems to be different from the way it really is 幻影（觉，想）e.g. The idea of absolute personal freedom is an illusion. He was unlikely to be satisfied with the illusion of power.9) To be wholehearted is to transcend inner conflicts, to align completely with the truth within ourselves: To be fully devoted to something is to go beyond the range of inner conflicts, to go completely with the truth one believes.【译文】要专注就得超越内心冲突，与真理同在。transcend: v. to go beyond 超越e.g. The beautry of her songs trancends words and language.align: v. ( with/against sth./sb.) to decide to publicly support or not support sb./sth. 与一致e.g. His views are aligned closely with the boards majority.conflict: n. (1) a situation in which there are opposing ideas, opinions, feelings or wishes; a situation in which it is difficult to choose 冲突，分歧 e.g. The story tells of a classic conflict between love and duty. Her diary was a record of her inner conflict.(2) a situation in which people, groups, or countries are involved in a serious disagreement, argument, or violence 争端，斗争e.g. The violence was the result of political and ethnic conflicts. John often comes into conflict with his boss.conflict: v. ( with) be in opposition or disagreement; be incompatible; clash 不合，冲突，抵触e.g.Their version of events conflicts with ours.10) That state of mind and heart is the only place where we can be truly at home, deeply at peace, fully alive.【分析】 adj +adj: 强调语义重复【译文】心灵深处是我们唯一能够感到自在、平和、生机的处所/地方。Note the structure “where”, 关系副词引导的定语从句，指地点， 其它两个常见的关系副词是 “when”, “why”, 前者指时间，后者指原因. e.g. I still remember the day when I first came to the school. The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. The reason why he refused the invitation is not clear.12) What 主语从句I have understood for a long time, but which I 【定语从句】have been learning in a much deeper and more experiential【务实；批判】way this year, is that true freedom and genuine empowerment come only with full and total commitment.表语从句 【译文】只有全心承诺能带来真正的自由和力量。长时间来，我知晓其理。而今年，我有了更多、更深刻的感悟。genuine: adj. (1) real; exactly what it appears to be; not artificial or fake 真正（实）的e.g. Is the painting a genuine Picasso? Fake designer watches are sold at a fraction of the price of the genuine article.(2) sincere and honest 真诚的，诚实的e.g. She seems genuine but can I trust her? Note the structure “what ” and “which ” 引导并列的主语从句。引导主语从句连词有 that, whether, who, what, whatever等， 连词位于句首不能省略。 主语从句大多数情况下视为第三人称单数， 但也有例外。e.g. That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.Who will be our monitor hasnt been decided yet.What caused the accident remains unknown.Whatever you did is right.What we need is time.What we need are good doctors. 13) While I was never a professional dancer, I competed as an amateurcompete: v. (1) ( in sth.) to take part in a contest or game 比赛e.g. Hes hoping to compete in the London marathon. (2) ( against / with) to try to be more successful or better than sb. else who is trying to do the same as you 竞争，对抗e.g. Several companies are competing for the contract. Young children will usually compete for their mothers attention.14) It was an extraordinary classroom for me, full of rich andwonderful lessons, not only about dance, but (also) about life itself.【译文】对我来说，那曾经是个不同寻常的教室，因为课程内容非常丰富而奇妙，不仅局限于舞蹈，也关乎生活本身。Note the adjective phrase “full of rich and wonderful lessons”! 形容词词组放在句首或句尾表示原因、结果、补充说明等That girl, (who is ) smart and kind, is my dream. extraordinary: adj. (1) very unusual or surprising; strange 不平常的e.g. Its extraordinary that he should make exactly the same mistake again. Chris behavior that morning was quite extraordinary.(2) very much greater or more impressive than usual 特别的；格外的 e.g. Her talents are quite extraordinary.She is a girl of extraordinary beauty.15) One of the most important of these had to do with a deeper insight into commitment: One of the most important among these was about having a deep understanding of commitment.【译文】其中最重要的，便是对承诺的洞见。insight: n. ( into) an understanding of what sth. is like 洞察（力）；理解，领会e.g. The research provides new insights into the way we process data.Hemingway was a writer of great insight.have/be (sth.) to do withto be about sth., be related to sth., or be involved with sth. 与有关e.g. Her job has something to do with computers Their conversation had been largely to do with work.have/be nothing to do with: 与无关e.g. He said that he had nothing to do with the decision.16) Ballroom dancing is based on natural walking movements, and much of the mastery of that dance form has to do with the way you transfer your weight from one foot to the other: The basic aspect of ballroom dancing is natural walking movements. The way you move your weight from one foot to the other determines whether you can learn it well.【译文】交际舞基于自然步法，掌握与否，关键在于能否将重心从一只脚移到另一只脚。transfer: v. (1) ( sth./sb. from/to) to move from one place to another; to move sth./sb. from one place to another 转移（换）e.g. How can I transfer money from my bank account to his? The patient was transferred to another hospital.(2) to change to a different vehicle during a journey 中转，换乘，改变路线e.g.Tourists are transferred from the airport to the hotel by taxi. 17) The challenge lies in the fact that it feels safer and more secure to straddle, to divide our weight between both feet: The difficulty is that we feel safer and more secure when we straddle, i.e. share our weight between both feet.【译文】可难就难在，把重心分放于两脚跨立，我们才会感到更稳更安全。18) When were straddling our weight, we are, in fact, stuck: When we straddle (put our weight on both feet) we cannot move.【译文】分开两腿支撑体重，我们却困住了。stuck: adj. (1) unable to move or to be moved 不能动的，卡住的e.g.The wheels were stuck in the mud. We were stuck in a traffic jam for an hour.(2) ( with sb./sth.) having sb./sth. one does not want 与不喜欢的某人或某物在一起e.g. Im stuck with my sister for the whole day. Why am I always stuck with the washing-up?19) Only as we shift our weight to one foot can we begin to move. And only when were willing to commit our weight wholly to one foot do we have complete freedom of movement and possibility. 【分析】倒装结构：状语+ did/do/does/will/can等助词+S +V+O/V S+O.Here it is.Here comes the bus./Here does the bus come.【比较】特殊疑问句：where等+ did/do/does/will/can等助词+S +V+O【译文】只有心甘情愿把体重完全交给一只脚，我们才能自如