福建省高三英语一轮语法复习 书面表达常用句型课件 新人教版.ppt

新课标人教版课件系列 高中英语 高考系列复习59 59 一轮复习 书面表达常用句型 书面表达常用句型一 系表结构七 感叹句结构二 主谓结构八 疑问句结构三 主谓宾结构九 否定式结构四 双宾语结构十 并列句结构五 复合宾语结构十一 复合句结构六 祈使句结构十二 强调句结构 一 系表结构主语 系动词 表语1 常用的系动词有 1 静态 表性质 特征 状态 beseemremainappear2 动态 表变化 becomegoturngetgrow3 感官 表示感觉 looksoundtastefeelsmell 2 可以用做表语的有 1 名词2 名词性物主代词3 不定代词4 人称代词5 形容词6 数词7 副词8 动词不定式 短语 9 动名词 短语 10 现在分词 短语 11 过去分词 短语 12 介词短语13 从句 1 smith是一家书店的老板 smithwasthebossofabookstore 2 这支笔是你的吗 isthispenyours 3 这是你应该记住的东西 thisissomethingyoushouldalwayskeepinmind 4 就是她在隔壁唱歌 itisshewhoissingingnextdoor 5 所有墙壁都是白的 allthewallsarewhite 6 他儿子明年就十四岁了 hissonwillbefourteennextyear 7 会议结束了themeetingisover 8 他的愿望是成为一个科学家 hiswishistobecomeascientist 9 她在夏天最喜欢的运动是游泳 herfavoritesportinsummerisswimming 10 消息令人激动 thenewswasexciting 11 他们没有泄气 theywerenotdiscouraged 12 我们都反对这个提议 weareallagainsttheproposal 13 他不在是过去的样子 heisnolongerwhatheusedtobe 3 常用句型 1 it be n todo2 it be adj todo3 it be n for ofsb todo4 it be n doing5 it be adj doing6 it be n clause7 it be adj clause8 there be s 1 很遗憾听说那事 itisapitytohearthat 2 掌握一门外语不容易 itisnoteasytomasteraforeignlanguage 3 她买了那件衣服是极大的错误 itisabigmistakeforhertohaveboughttheclothes 4 他要养活这么大个家庭非常艰难 itwashardforhimtosupportsuchabigfamily 5 今天去那里没用 itisnousegoingtheretoday 6 留着书不看是没用的 it suselesskeepingbookswithoutreadingthem 8 他通过了考试是真的 itistruethathehaspassedtheexamination 9 她今天看起来很高兴 shelookshappytoday 10 这小女孩怕羞 thelittlegirlfeltshy 11 天越来越黑 it sgettingdark 12 明天剧院将会上演一部新戏 therewillbeanewplayatthetheatretomorrow 二 主谓结构主语 不及物动词 谓语 状语 notes 1 谓语动词之后有时可以不带任何成分 2 状语可以是名词 副词 介词短语 不定式短语 分词短语 从句等 3 常见句型 1 s vi 2 s vi n 3 s vi adv 4 s vi prep ph 5 s vi todo 6 s vi doing7 s vi forsb sth todosth 8 it seem appear adj n todohappen9 it seem clauseappear10 there vi s 1 太阳升起来了 thesunhasrisen 2 他们夜以继日地工作 theyworkeddayandnight 3 他们都出去了 theyallwentout 4 她进图书馆来 shecameintothelibrary 5 他早早起床去赶第一班汽车 hegotupearlytocatchthefirstbus 6 她站着对着我笑 shestoodsmilingatme 7 好象不可能解决这个问题 itseemedimpossibletosolvetheproblem 8 她等丈夫回来 shewaitedforherhusbandtocomeback 9 那天晚上我们去拜访他们时他们碰巧出去了 ithappenedthattheywereoutwhenwecalledonthemthatevening 10 男孩好象认识到了学习英语的重要性 itseemsthattheboyhasrealizedtheimportanceoflearningaforeignlanguage 11 很久很久有一个国王 long longagotherelivedaking 三 主谓宾结构主语 及物动词 谓语 宾语notes 1 vi prep vt 2 可以做宾语的有 名词 代词 数词 动词不定式 动名词 从句等 常见句型 1 s vt n 2 s vt pron 3 s vt num 4 s vt adv n pron 5 s vt todo6 s vt whether wh todo 三 主谓宾结构 7 s vt doing8 s vt objectclause9 s vt object prep ph 10 s vt it prep ph thatclause11 s vt object todo12 it vt object todo13 s vt it adj n forsb todo 1 她正在浇花 sheiswateringtheflowers 2 他非常爱她 helovesherverymuch 3 谁要这三个 whoareyougoingtotakethesethree 4 她忍不住掉下了眼泪 shecouldn tkeepbackhertears shecouldn tkeephertearsback 5 她决定放弃它 shedecidedtogiveitup 6 他争取每天做一件好事 hetriedtodoagooddeedeachday 7 她简直不知道怎么写作文 shehardlyknowshowtowriteacomposition 8 我不知道是走还是留 iwonderedwhethertostayortoleave 9 我记得以前在什么地方见过他 irememberseeinghersomewherebefore 10 我听说她回来了 ihear that shehascomeback 11 我同意他说的话 iagreetowhathehassaid 12 hedidn tknowwhosesideheshouldtake 13 wespendalotofmoneyonbooks 14 heexplainedittohisstudentsthathewasillthatday 15 heenteredtheroomtolookforhispencil box 16 ittookmorethantenyearstobuildthehouses 17 ithinkitnecessary forhim tolearnaforeignlanguage 15 他进了房间找他的铅笔盒 heenteredtheroomtolookforhispencil box 16 建这些房子花了十多年时间 ittookmorethantenyearstobuildthehouses 17 我认为我们有必要学好英语 ithinkitnecessary forus tolearnenglishwell 四 双宾语结构主语 及物动词 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语 1 不是所有的及物动词之后都可由双宾语 可用于此句型的动词有以下三类 1 givetellteachwritebringlendhandshowsendofferpaypassallow2 buydogetfetchsavemakesingchoose3 askanswer 2 1 vt d o to i o 2 vt d o for i o 3 vt d o 1 d o 23 常用句型 1 s vt d o i o 2 s vt d o to for i o 3 s vt i o clause4 ittake o n pron n pron todo5 sth cost sb n 1 他给了我漂亮的图片 hegavemesomebeautifulpictures 2 他把钱包递给老师 hehandedthepursetotheteacher 3 取些水给孩子们好吗 wouldyoufetchsomewaterforthechildren 4 她告诉同学们那个老人是她的父亲 shetoldthestudents that theoldmanwasherfather 5 我们会给你看这是谁的命令 we llshowyouwhoseorderitis 6 他花了不少时间才找到大象 ittookhimquitesometimetofindtheelephantatall 7 新单车花了他300元 thenewbikecosthim300yuan 五 复合宾语结构主语 及物动词 谓语 复合宾语 notes 1 复合宾语是指 宾语 宾语补足语 宾语和其补足语之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系 2 可作宾语补足语的有 名词 形容词 副词 介词短语 动词不定时 现在分词 过去分词 3 常见句型 1 s vt n pron n callgetbeatfind2 s vt drive n pron adj wishproveleavemake feelfind3 s vt make it n adj for ofsb todo doingthinkconsider4 s vt adj n thatclausen 5 s vt pron tobe adj n clause6 s vt object todo feelhearlistentomakelet7 s vt see object dolookatwatchnoticeobserve8 s vt object doing 9 s vt object done10 s vt object w todo11 s vt object adv 12 s vt sb one s doing13 s vt object prep ph 1 我们选他作班长 weelectedhimmonitorofourclass 2 男孩把门踢开了 theboykickedthedooropen 3 我认为他相信她是愚蠢的 ithinkitfoolishofhimtobelieveher 4 我们认为你最好是按时吃药 wethoughtitbetterforyoutotakethemedicineintime 5 我认为他放弃学习英语非常可惜 iconsideritapitythathehasgivenupstudyingenglish 6 他想要她成为歌手 hewantedhertobeasinger 7 他相信她的话是真的 hebelieveswhatshesaidtobetrue 10 医生建议他做手术 thedoctoradvisedhimtohaveanoperation 11 老板让工人们工作很长时间 thebossmadetheworkersworklonghours 12 我们发现男孩在街上哭 wefoundtheboycryinginthestreet 13 你听过用英语唱这首歌吗 haveyoueverheardthissongsunginenglish 14 农民们教我们割麦子 thefarmersshowedushowtocutwheat 15 你有没有他们在里面 didyoufindthemin 16 你是否介意我把窗户关上 doyoumindme myclosingthewindow 17 他们逼迫他进入房间 theyforcedhimintotheroom 六 祈使句结构 1 do 2 be predictive 3 don t do 4 don t be predictive5 let object do comein please 2 passherapieceofpaper 3 beagoodboy 4 becarefulnottotouchit 5 don treadinamovingbus 6 don tbesosilly 7 let shavearest 8 lettheboyin please 七 感叹句结构 1 what adj n s v 2 how adj adv s v 3 how s v 4 how adj a an n s v 1 whatasillyboyheis 2 whatterribleweatherwearehaving 3 howhardtheyareworking 4 howwonderfultobeinvitedtoapalaceball 八 疑问句结构 1 一般疑问句 1 be s predictive 2 be there s have3 has s object had dobe4 have s do willshallcanmay5 must s do needdare 1 weretheybusyyesterday 2 wasthereapinetreebesidethehouse 3 haveyou got anyredink 4 isshelyinginbed 5 didtomgotherewithyou 6 dareyousayitagain 2 特殊疑问句1 作主语的疑问词 陈述语序 who which what 2 作定语修饰主语的疑问词 陈述语序 what which whose howmany much 3 疑问词 作定语 表语 状语 一般疑问语序 e g 1 whocametoschooltheearliestyesterday 2 whichbookisyours 3 whatareyoudoing 4 wheredidyougoyesterday 3 选择疑问句 1 一般疑问句 or 另一供选择部分 2 一般疑问句 or not 3 特殊疑问句 aorb e g 1 doyoulikesportsormusic 2 doyoulikesportsornot 3 whichisbigger thesunorthemoon 4 反意疑问句 助动词1 陈述句肯定结构 系动词的否定式 人称代词 情态动词助动词2 陈述句否定结构 系动词的肯定式 人称代词 情态动词e g 1 youaretired aren tyou 2 youwouldn tleaveforlong willyou 九 否定式结构 1 s be not predictive e g heisnotanengineer haveno2 s has nota object hadanye g ihavenobrother no3 there be nota s notanye g thereisn tabookonthetable 4 s do does did not doe g hedidn tcometoschoolyesterday 5 s 助动词 not doe g 1 heisnotcrying 2 ishallnotaskhimforhelp 6 s 情态动词 not doe g youneedn tworry todo7 not doing donee g 1 notknowingthetruth hescoldedher 2 iregrettednotattendingthemeeting 3 wesaidsonottoflatter 奉承 him allboth8 not each部分否定everythewhole完全否定分别用 none neither nothing nobody noone e g 1 alltheanswersarenotcorrect 2 everythingdoesn tgowell 3 shehasn tdonethejobcompletely 4 nobodycanworkitout 5 noneofthestudentsisfromshanghai 9 由nor neither构成否定承接句 neither nor 助 系 情态动词 s note 如果前句两个或两个以上动词不属同类 时态不一致或既有肯定又有否定 则套用句型 itis wasthesamewith s e g 1 idon tlikethefilm nordoesshe 2 hehasnotime neitherhavei 10 由hardly seldom rarely never little few等构成的含否定意义的句子 e g 1 hehardlywentoutshopping 2 fewofthemknowscience 十 并列句结构 1 由并列词或逗号 分号把两个或两个以上 具有逻辑关系的简单句连接为一体 就构成了并列句 2 常用的并列连词有 and 和 or 否则 but 可是 但是 for 因为 so 因此 either or 不是 就是 neither nor 既不 也不 notonly butalso 不但 而且 3 常用的副词有 yet 但是 however 然而 therefore 所以 note 此类词前常有逗号或分号与前句分开 e g 1 hurryup it sgoingtorain 2 hehadtocomebackhome hewantedsomemoney 3 tearsappearedinhereyes buthedidn tnoticeit 4 springcameandthetreesturnedgreen 5 shemustbeill forshedidn tcometoschoolthismorning 6 hefoundnobodyintheroom sohewentaway 7 heisold yetheisstillactiveinhiswork 8 thecompositionisallright howeverthereisroomforimprovement 9 hewasverytired andthereforehefellsoundasleep 10 wemusthurry orwe llbelate 11 eitherheiswrongoryouarewrong 12 hedoesn tknowher nordoi 13 notonlywasmymotherangry butmyfatheralso 十一 复合句结构 1 主语从句结构 1 连接代词 副词 从句 主句谓语部分 it 主句谓语部分 连接代词 副词 从句 常用连词that whether who whom whose which when where why how e g 1 thatwelovepeaceisknowntoall itisknowntoallthatwelovepeace 2 whetherwecansolvethedifficultystillremainsaquestion itstillremainsaquestionwhetherwecansolvethedifficulty 3 whosecompositionisbetterishardtosay itishardtosaywhosecompositionisbetter 4 wherewe llspendthesummerholidayshasnotbeendecided ithasn tbeendecidedwherewe llspendthesummerholidays 2 what 主语和及物动词谓语 主句谓语部分e g 1 whathesaidisnottrue 2 whatwearedoingisforbuildingsocialism whoever3 whatever 主语从句 主句谓语部分whichevere g 1 whoeverwantstogomaygoatonce 2 whateverisworthdoingatallisworthdoingwell happenedseems4 it isapity that clauseissaidisreported e g 1 ithappenedthathewasillwhenwefoundhim 2 itseemsthatshedoesn tlikeherjob 3 it sapitythatshehasgoneabroad 4 itissaid reportedthatourwomen sfootballteamhadwonagain 2 表语从句结构 that连词if主语 whether clause连接代词 who whom which what 连接副词 when where why how e g 1 hissuggestionisthatwegotobeijingtospendourholidays 2 thatisjustwhathewants 3 thequestioniswhowillhaveatryfirst 4 thatiswhythebatneverflyoutinthedaytime 5 theproblemiswhetherwecanfindeachotheratthestation 3 宾语从句结构 1 s vt that clausee g iwishicouldentercollege thekingrepliedthathewouldsethimfree 2 s vt if whether clausee g theteacheraskedifanyonewasabsent iwonderwhetherhewillcome ornot 3 s vt 连接代词 副词 clausee g heaskedwhichexerciseisthemostdifficult nooneknowswhattheyarefightingabout 4 s vt sb 连接代词 副词 clausee g hedidn ttellmewherehelived didn tshetellyouwhenweshouldstart 5 主谓结构 prep clausee g sheshouldbepraisedforwhatshehasdone thebosspaidtheworkersaccordingtohowmuchtheyhaddoneforhim 6 s vt to短语 that clausee g heexplainedtousthathehadfailedtocatchthefirstbus 7 s vt it adj n clausee g wefeltitstrangethatshecouldleavewithoutsayinggood bye wethoughtitashamethattheyfoughteachotherinclass 4 定语从句结构 1 主句主语 关系代词 副词 clause 主句谓语e g themanwhoisstandingbythedoorisourenglishteacher thewatch which that iboughtyesterdayismadeinswiss thedayswhenwewerecheatedaregoneforever 2 主句 关系代词 副词 clausee g thisisthegirlwhosefatherdiedintheflood i llneverforgetthedaywhenijoinedtheparty 3 主句中的被修饰词 prep 关系代词 clausee g theearthonwhichweliveisabigball wevisitedthehouseinwhichchairmanmaooncelived 4 非限定性定语从句 whichwho主句中的被修饰词 whom clausewhose n where e g wanghai sfather whoworksinnanjing hascomebackhome wevisitedtheindustrialexhibition wherewesawalotofforeignguests 5 状语从句结构 1 时间状语从句 1 conj clause 主句主句 conj clause 用于此类从句的连词有 when while as before after since until assoonas e g whenhesawhismother theboybegantocry i llwritetoyouassoonasigetthere 2 s hadnosooner done than clausenosoonerhad s done than clausee g thebellhadnosoonerrungthantheteacherwalkedintotheclassroom nosoonerhadthebellrungthantheteacherwalkedintotheclassroom 3 hardly had s done when before clauses had hardly done when before clausee g hardlyhadigothomewhen beforeitbegantorain ihadhardlygothomewhen beforeitbegantorain 4 scarcely had s done when before clauses had scarcely done when before clausee g scarcelyhadhegottobedwhen beforehefelltosleep hehadscarcelygottobedwhen beforehefelltosleep 2 地点状语从句 主句 where ever 从句where ver 从句 主句e g ilostmypenwhereiwrotemycomposition whereverwearesenttowork weshouldworkhard 3 原因状语从句 because as since nowthat 从句 主句主句 because as since nowthat 从句e g hedidn tgotothemeetingbecausehewasill asitisgoingtorain you dbetterstayathome 4 条件状语从句 if unless aslongas clause 主句主句 if unless aslongas 从句e g youaresuretosucceedifyouworkhard as solongaswekeepcalm wecanfindawayout 5 结果状语从句 主句 that sothat 从句 s v so adj adv that clause s v such a adj n that clause s v so adj a n that clause e g sheissokindtousthatweallloveher hespokesoquicklythatnobodycouldfollowhim shegaveussuchanexcellentlecturethateverybodyadmiredhim shegaveussoexcellentalecturethateverybodyadmiredhim 6 目的状语从句 thatsothat主句 inorderthat 从句incasee g wetookthefrontseatsinorderthatwecouldhearclearly 7 让步状语从句 1 conj clause 主句 主句 conj clauseadj 2 adv as though 从