2018高考英语一轮复习构想Unit5Thepowerofnature课时作业.doc

Unit 5The power of nature .阅读理解A(2017湖南长沙高三模拟试卷(一)Evidence of violent storms that destroyed a lost town known as Britains Atlantis has been uncovered. The finds were uncovered off the coast of Dunwich, Suffolka small village which in the 11th century was one of the largest towns in England.The town was hit by a series of storms in the 13th and 14th centuries and is now largely below the sea.Researchers said sediment (沉积物) gathered from the cliffs independently proved the historical record.“They were like the south coast storms of 2013, at least once a year for decades，” Professor David Sear, of the University of Southampton, said.The threeyear research on Dunwich has been funded by Touching the Tide, a 900,000 Heritage Lottery Fund plan to explore the changing Suffolk Coast.A diver used ultrasound (超声波) to “illuminate” findings on the seabed, and the marshes (沼泽) and eroding cliffs were surveyed.“It offers a marvelous history of climate change and coastal erosion，” said Prof. Sear with regard to the findings.In the 11th century, Dunwich was the 10th largest town in England, but now has about 120 residents.Two great storms in 1286 and 1326 resulted in the loss of its harbour and started its decline. Prof. Sear said analysis showed how people gave up on Dunwich after 1338, when another great storm choked up the port for good, and food production declined. “Sediment gathered from the cliffs，” he said, “independently confirmed the sequences of storms recorded in the historical record.”The underwater research has been carried out using acoustic (声音的) imaging technology, and has unearthed a series of buildings. We found the ruins of about four churches and weve also found ruins of what we think was a toll house. Weve also found shipwrecks (沉船), which no ones known before.A dig in 2015 discovered evidence of Dunwichs prehistoric origins, as well as evidence that it was a prosperous Saxon port, prior to its rapid growth following the Norman invasion.Bill Jenman, from Touching the Tide, said：“We found loads of pottery, a lot more than weve found before, sort of High Medievalthe peak of the wealth of Dunwich. We know it was a fairly major town in the AngloSaxon period.”【解题导语】本文讲述了研究人员发现了Dunwich被猛烈的暴风雨摧毁的新证据。1Evidence shows that Dunwich declined in history due to _.A. the rise of sea levelB. sediment from the cliffC. the Norman invasionD. a series of storms答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据第二段“The town was hit by a series of storms in the 13th and 14th centuries and is now largely below the sea”可知，这个小镇是被暴风雨摧毁的。2What can be learned from the text about Dunwichs present condition? A. It is completely below the sea. B. It still exists with about 120 residents. C. It is still hit by storms every year. D. It is still an important port in England.答案与解析：B考查细节理解。根据第八段“In the 11th century, Dunwich was the 10th largest town in England, but now has about 120 residents”可知，答案为B。3With the help of modern equipment, the researchers have found all the following things underwater EXCEPT _.A. shipwrecks unknown beforeB. ruins of churches and other buildingsC. the seabed that was like a busy harbourD. lots of pottery dating back to the AngloSaxon period答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据最后三段的内容可知选项D中的“AngloSaxon period”不正确。4From the discoveries, we can conclude that _.ADunwich was thoroughly ruined by the Norman invadersB. no one believed those ships could have sunk at DunwichC. Dunwich was a prosperous town before its declineD. no historical records about Dunwich were kept after 1338答案与解析：C考查推理判断。根据最后一段的最后一句“We know it was a fairly major town in the AngloSaxon period”可推知，在衰落之前，它是一个繁荣的城镇。BAlong with its neighbors, Sweden features near the top of most sexequality rankings. The World Economic Forum rates it as having one of the narrowest sex gaps in the world. Sweden is not only a good place for a woman, but it appears to be one for new dads. Close to ninety percent of Swedish fathers take paternity leave(陪产假). Last year some 340, 000 dads took a total of 12 million days leave, that is, approximately seven weeks each. Women take even more leave days to spend time with their children, but the gap is shrinking. Why do Swedish dads take so much time off work to raise their children? Forty years ago Sweden became the first country in the world to introduce a paid parentalleave allowance. Benefits consisted of ninety percent of wages for 180 days per child, and parents were free to share the days between them in whatever way they pleased. But the policy was hardly a hit with dads: in the policys first year men took only 0.5% of all paid parental leave.Today they take a quarter of it. One reason is that the policy has become more generous, with the number of paid leave days for the first child increasing from 180 to 480. In 1995 the first socalled “daddy month” was introduced. Under this reform, families in which each parent took at least one month of leave received an additional month to add to their total allowance. The policy was expanded in 2002 so that if the mother and father each took at least two months leave, the family would get two extra months. Some politicians now want to go further, advocating that the present system of shared leave be turned into one of personal rights, under which mothers should be allowed to take only half of the familys allowance, with the rest reserved for fathers.Since Swedish men started to take more responsibility for child upbringing, women have seen both their incomes and levels of selfreported happiness increase. Paying dads to change nappies(尿布) and hang out at playgrounds seems to benefit the whole family.【解题导语】瑞典是世界上第一个实行带薪父母假政策的国家。本文重点介绍了父亲陪产假政策的发展情况。5What can be a suitable title for the passage?ASwedish Sex EqualityBSwedish Fathers Paternity LeaveCSwedish New Dad Policy DSwedish New Fathers Family Role答案与解析：B考查标题判断。通读全文可知，本文的主题句是第一段的最后一句“Why do Swedish dads take so much time off work to raise their children”；据此可知，本文主要说明在瑞典除了母亲可以休产假外，父亲也有很长时间的陪产假，故B项最能概括文意。6Why does Sweden appear a good place for new dads?ASweden has the smallest global sex gap.BThey feed their children instead of mothers.CMost of them are provided with paternity leave.DSwedish fathers take more leave days than mothers.答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据第一段的第三、四句可知，近90%的做父亲的瑞典男子可享受陪产假，故对于刚当上父亲的人来说，瑞典是个好地方，故C项正确。7How has the policy changed over time?AFathers can have longer paternity leave.BPaternity leave decreases fathers incomes.CFathers take more responsibility than mothers.D. Leave days are divided equally between parents.答案与解析：A考查推理判断。根据第三段的“with the number of paid leave days for the first child increasing from 180 to 480”可知，A项正确。8Whats the mothers attitude towards the policy?A. Uncertain.B. Approving.C. Opposed. D. Cautious.答案与解析：B考查细节理解。根据最后一段第一句中的“women have seen both their incomes and levels of selfreported happiness increase”可知，父亲的陪产假增加了母亲的幸福感；据此可以判断，母亲们赞同产假陪护，故B项正确。.完形填空(2017皖江名校联考)I honestly dont think that anyone out there really tries hard to become nobody in every aspect of their lives. There are some people that are _1_ with their situation in life, but _2_ has something they want to be excellent in, something they want to _3_. Unfortunately, most people dont have the _4_to do something about it. They waste their time and talents daydreaming of what could be happening _5_ living the life they want.People are _6_ taking the easy road in life: its less risky, it doesnt _7_ a lot of effort and its comfortable. Change _8_ you to step out of your comfort zone and into the _9_. You have to change yourself, your surroundings and even your habits.Everyone has those moments in life _10_ you look at where you are and the things youve done to get there; _11_， youll be either proud or _12_. For those of you who have reached the point where you are wondering, “how did I get here”， there is still hope. Change is _13_. If it were easy, we would all be famous billionaires living in mansions (公馆). The fact that its hard is what makes change and _14_ so great. Improving your life will _15_ several positive outcomes such as, giving you a better _16_ of self, making you a better person, mother, father, friend, etc. and youll find yourself being _17_ in general. You need to understand that changing yourself for the better wont _18_ challenges in your lifeit will just _19_ you to be able to face them.If you have tried to change in the past and failed, dont _20_. You can still change and start making a difference in your life.【解题导语】本文中作者讨论了在改变的过程中存在的困难和挑战、改变的重要性以及改变带来的好处，鼓励人们要勇于改变。1A. contentB. concernedC. angry D. familiar解析：根据Unfortunately之后的信息可知，此处与下文形成对比，指对现状满意的人。故选A项。句意：有些人对他们的生活处境满意(content)，但是每个人(everyone)都有自己想擅长并为之自豪的事。concerned意为“担忧的”；angry意为“生气的，气愤的”；familiar意为“熟悉的”。答案：A2A. none B. no one C. everyone D. someone解析：but表示转折，有些人虽然对现状感到满意，但每个人都希望有自己擅长的东西。故选C项。答案：C3A. be accused of B. be proud of C. be absorbed in D. be particular about解析：句意参见第1题解析。be proud of意为“以为自豪”，符合语境。be accused of意为“被指控”；be absorbed in意为“专心于”；be particular about意为“对挑剔”。故选B项。答案：B4A. power B. driveC. energy D. time解析：根据下文中的“They waste their time and talents daydreaming”(他们浪费时间和才华做着白日梦)可知，他们缺乏付诸行动的魄力(drive)。power意为“权力”，energy意为“活力”，time意为“时间”，均不符合语境。故选B项。 答案：B5A. regardless of B. in spite of C. afraid of D. instead of解析：“daydreaming”与“living the life they want”之间为转折关系，因此此处表示“他们浪费自己的时间和才能去幻想可能会发生什么而不是(instead of)以他们想要的方式生活”。故选D项。regardless of意为“不管，不顾”；in spite of意为“尽管”：afraid of意为“害怕”。答案：D6A. previously B. confidently C. constantly D. unwillingly解析：人们总是不断地(constantly)选择生活中容易走的路：它没什么风险，也不需要投入(involve)很多的努力，并且它很舒适。previously意为“以前”； confidently意为“自信地”； unwillingly意为“不愿意地”。答案：C7A. involve B. invite C. make D. deserve解析：参见上题解析。根据文中的“its less risky”及“its comfortable”可知，此处指这条路不需要投入很多努力。involve意为“需要”； invite意为“邀请”； make意为“制造”； deserve意为“值得”。根据语境可知选A项。答案：A8A. advises B. suggestsC. wishes D. requires解析：改变需要(requires)你走出你的舒适区域，进入一个未知的(unknown)领域。advise意为“建议”，suggest意为“建议”， wish意为“希望，祝愿”，均不符合语境。故选D项。答案：D9A. future B. unknownC. complex D. bright解析：参见上题解析。走出舒适区后的领域是未知的。故选B项。future意为“未来的”；complex意为“复杂的”；bright意为“明亮的”。答案：B10A. how B. where C. whom D. when解析：每个人在生活中都会有这样的时刻，你会思考自己在生活中的位置以及你为了到达那里所做的事情。空处引导定语从句，先行词为moments，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，故选D项。答案：D11A. as a result B. in all C. in other words D. above all解析：下文中的“youll be either proud or _12_”是思考生活的结果，此处与前句之间为因果关系。故选A项，as a result意为“结果”。in all意为“总计”；in other words意为“换句话说”；above all意为“最重要的是”。答案：A12. A. satisfied B. anxiousC. disappointed D. excited解析：either.or.表示“要么要么”，此处表示思考生活的两种结果，因此空处与or之前的proud形成对比关系，故选C项，disappointed意为“失望的”。satisfied意为“满意的”；anxious意为“焦虑的”；excited意为“兴奋的，激动的”。答案：C13A. easy B. difficultC. natural D. necessary解析：根据下文的假设“If it were easy”及“its hard”可知，改变是困难的(difficult)。故选B项。easy意为“容易的”；natural意为“自然的”；necessary意为“必要的”。答案：B14. A. improvement B. encouragementC. argument D. entertainment解析：improvement意为“改进”；encouragement意为“鼓励”；argument意为“论证，论据”；entertainment意为“娱乐，消遣”。改变很难这个事实让改变和改善变得如此重要。根据下文的“Improving your life”可知A项符合语境。答案：A15A. succeed in B. differ from C. result in D. focus on解析：空后的“several positive outcomes”是改善生活所带来的结果，故选C项，result in意为“导致，造成”。改善你的生活会带来一些积极的结果，比如，给你更好的自我感觉(sense)，让你成为一个更好的人，更好的母亲、父亲、朋友等。succeed in意为“在方面成功”；differ from意为“与不同”；focus on意为“专注于”。答案：C16A. image B. sense C. direction D. confidence解析：参见上题解析。a sense of.意为“的感觉”。image意为“图像”，direction意为“方向”，confidence意为“信心”，均不符合语境。故选B项。 答案：B17A. angrier B. sadder C. smarter D. happier解析：根据上文可知，改变能够带来一些积极的结果，此处表示它会让你更快乐(happier)。angrier意为“更生气的”，sadder意为“更悲伤的”，smarter意为”更聪明的”，均不符合语境。故选D项。答案：D18A. take away B. take upC. take in D. take off解析：从下文中的“face them”可知，改变自己并不会带走(take away)生活中的挑战，故选A项。take up意为“占据，从事”，take in意为“理解”，take off意为“起飞”，均不符合语境。答案：A19A. permit B. riskC. prepare D. inform解析：改变不会带走挑战，它只是让你准备好去面对挑战。permit意为“许可，允许”；risk意为“冒险”；prepare意为“准备”；inform意为“通知，告知”。根据语境可知选C项。答案：C20A. leave B. quit C. cry D. sigh解析：根据上下文可知，即使过去尝试改变失败了，不要放弃(quit)，你仍然可以做出改变，同时开始影响你的生活。leave意为“离开”；cry意为“哭叫，喊叫”；sigh意为“叹气”。答案：B卷规范练(六)第卷第三部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。(2017湖南衡阳高中联考)I can still recall the day when I sat on the stairs of a temple in Nepal. The square before the temple _61_ (become) very muddy as a result of the rain. We had to walk on a path made by a line of bricks on the muddy ground.A friend of _62_ (I) complained all the way while she stepped on the bricks _63_ (walk) towards me. Looking around she said very _64_ (patience), “Disgusting indeed! What _65_ I fall into the dirty water？”Since I knew her very well, I nodded cautiously _66_ (comfort) her by my silent sympathy.A few minutes later another friend came _67_ the same scene. She stepped on the brick path dancing briskly and singing, “Jump, jump, jump！” until she reached the dry ground. She couldnt help shouting, “_68_ fun it is！” Eyes beaming with joy, she made the remarks, “The _69_ (please) thing of the rainy season is that one can entirely be free from dust.”In the eyes of the two there _70_ (be) two different worlds. As the world has a population of over 7 billion, it follows that there should be more than 7 billion worlds.【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者回忆起在尼泊尔发生的一件事：两位朋友在面对雨后泥泞的道路时，看法完全不一样，一位为此而抱怨，一位则为此而欣喜。因此，不同的人眼中的世界是不同的。61became/had become考查动词的时态。根据上下文语境可知，此处可用一般过去时，表示过去发生的动作；因为“道路变得泥泞”这一动作发生在“sat”之前，所以此处也可用过去完成时。故填became/had become。62mine考查代词。根据语境可知，作者的一位朋友一路上一直在抱怨，此处应用I的名词性物主代词作介词“of”的宾语。故填mine。63walking考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，主语“she”和动词walk之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，所以此处应用walk的现在分词形式作状语。故填walking。64impatiently考查词性转换。分析词法知识可知，此处应用副词修饰动词“said”；根据语境可知，作者的那位朋友很不耐烦地抱怨着，故应用否定形式。故填impatiently。65if考查固定搭配。what if是固定搭配，意为“如果该怎么办”，符合语境。故填if。66to comfort考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，作者点头是为了安慰那位朋友，此处应用动词不定式表目的。故填to comfort。67to考查介词。句意：几分钟之后，作者的另一位朋友来到了同一个地方。come to意为“来到(某地)”，符合语境。故填to。68What考查感叹句引导词。根据句法结构可知，fun是不可数名词，所以此处应用what引导这个感叹句。故填What。注意首字母大写。69most pleasant/most pleasing考查形容词的最高级。句意：在雨季，最令人高兴的是人们可以完全避开灰尘。此处应用please的形容词形式pleasant/pleasing(令人愉快的)的最高级。故填most pleasant/most pleasing。70were考查主谓一致和动词的时态。纵观全文时态并结合语境可知，此处应用一般过去时；there be结构后的“two different worlds”为复数概念，所以此处be动词应用一般过去时的复数形式。故填were。第四部分写作(共两节，满分35分)第一节短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改 10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。(2017临沂二模)Jennie is very keen on running. Since she was six years, she has been getting up early and running every morning before school. She has also been cycled to school ever since she was learned to ride a bike. Last year she became the sports champions of our class. I know she had been hoping that she will be included in the locally sports team next year. Perhaps he will go to a university where concentrates on sports. Anyway, I am sure that since she graduat