使用定语从句的几个误区.doc

1.误认为关系代词whose只用于修饰人whose用作疑问代词时，主要用于指人；但用作关系代词时，它既可指人也可指物。如：It was an island, whose name I have forgotten.它是一座岛，名字我忘了。The factory, whose workers are all women, is closed during the holidays.这家工厂工人都是妇女，在假期中工厂关门了。2.混淆定语从句与并列句请看下面两题：(1) He has two children, and both of _ are abroad.A. themB. whichC. whomD. who(2) He has two children, both of _ are abroad.A. themB. whichC. whomD. who第(1)题选A，第(2)题选C。由于第(1)题中用了并列连词and，从而使整个句子为并列句，and后应是一个独立的简单句，所以选A不选C；第(2)题没有并列连词and，both of whom are abroad为非限制性定语从句。另外，请比较下题(答案为A)：He has two children, both of _ being abroad.A. themB. whichC. whomD. who3.误认为逗号后一定是非限制性定语从句有的同学一看见逗号，就以为一定要选which而不选that，但问题是有时根本就不是定语从句。如：(1) If a book is in English, _ means slow progress for you.A. asB. whichC. whatD. that(2) When I say two hours, _ includes time for eating. A. asB. whichC. whatD. that以上两题均应选that，而不能选which，因为它们根本不是定语从句。之所以选that，是因为句中已有if和when引导的状语从句，逗号后为主句，that为主句主语。初学者在使用定语从句时，有个经常犯的错误就是分不清是定语从句还是其他从句。请看下面的题目：Is this room _ he lived in last year? Is this the room _ he lived in last year? A.that, thatB.the one, the oneC.that, the oneD.the one, that此题应选D。容易误选A。为了便于分析，我们先将以上两句还原成陈述句(注意is的位置)。如：(1)This room is _ he lived inlast year. (2)This is the room _he lived in last year. 第(1)句填the one,用作表语，其后的(that) he lived in last year是用以修饰the one的定语从句。此句若直接填that,则不是定语从句(因为没有先行词)，而是表语从句。但是由于引导表语从句的that不能充当句了成分，而其后的介词in又缺宾语，所以导致错误。第(2)句填that,它是关系代词，用以引导定语从句(helived in last year)修饰the room。请做以下类例试题。如：(1)Is this the book _ you want to buy? Is this book _ you want to buy? A.that, thatB.the one, the oneC.that, the oneD.the one, that(2)Is this room _ he lived in 5 years ago? Is this the room _ he lived in 5 years ago? A.that, thatB.the one, the oneC.that, the oneD.the one, that答案：(1)C(2)D有的同学一看到先行词是表示时间、地点、原因的名词，就认为一定要用关系副词，其实也不一定。在此情况下，还要看关系词在定语从句中是用作什么成分，若是用作状语，则用关系副词，若不是用作状语(如用作主语、宾语等)则不能用关系副词，而用关系代词。比较：This is the factory where I want to work.这就是我想工作的工厂。(work为不及物动词where在从句中用作状语)This is the factory that I want to visit.这就是我想参观的工厂。(visit为及物动词，that用作visit的宾语)The reason why he cant come is that he is ill.他没来的是因为他病了。(come为不及物动词，why在定语从句中用作状语)The reason that he put forth is