（贵阳专版）中考英语命题研究 第二部分 语法专题突破篇 专题八 动词 第一节 动词的分类及辨析（精讲）试题.doc

专题八动词第一节动词的分类及辨析贵阳五年中考命题规律及趋势考查点年份题号考查角度选项设置分值动词词义辨析201635非谓语动词辨析climbed/climbing/to climb1分56动词词义辨析help/visit/know1分61动词词义辨析got/left/brought1分201570动词词义辨析study/work/practice1分201460动词词义辨析doing/climbing/answering1分61动词词义辨析enjoy/like/mind1分63动词词义辨析writing/heaving/telling1分69动词词义辨析trained/excited/taught1分201336动词词义辨析worried/remembered/forgot1分59动词词义辨析save/waste/lend1分61感官动词辨析sounds/looks/feels1分201246动词词义辨析mind/keep/like/remember1分60感官动词辨析smell/taste/look1分62动词词义辨析passed/failed/forgot1分65动词词义辨析agreed/refused/answered1分贵阳中考单项选择对动词的考查主要涉及动词(包括实义动词和感官动词)、动词短语、情态动词、非谓语动词(只考查动词不定式)。完形填空中也涉及实义动词词义辨析，而词语运用中对动词的考查主要是和时态相结合。预测2017年贵阳中考单选仍会从动词短语、情态动词、动词不定式方面来考查。完形填空主要考查动词词义辨析。贵阳中考重难点突破动词的分类实义动词是否接宾语及物动词不及物动词是否延续性延续性动词短暂性动词系动词助动词情态动词动词分类【满分点拨】动词按照含义及它们在句中的作用分为4类，即行为动词，也称实义动词，(连)系动词、助动词和情态动词。情态动词将在第三节中具体讲解。贵阳中考侧重于感官动词的考查，偶尔也涉及实义动词的辨析。动词作为句子的核心成分，学生应重点掌握。1动词的分类动词是表示动作或状态的词。动词分为四类：实义动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词。(1)实义动词的用法(及物动词与不及物动词)实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。按其是否跟宾语分为及物动词(vt.)和不及物动词(vi.)；按是否具有延续性分为延续性动词和短暂性动词。及物动词及物动词本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思表达完整，如reach，ask，return，love，need。具体用法为：动词宾语。如：he reached canada yesterday.他昨天到达加拿大。动词宾语宾语补足语。如：they asked me to go fishing with them.他们让我一起去钓鱼。i saw the children play in the park yesterday.昨天我看见孩子们在公园里玩。注意：带省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的常考动词有：make，let，have，see，watch，notice，hear等。动词间接宾语直接宾语。如：i will return the storybook to him.我准备把故事书还给他。注意：带双宾语的常考动词有：give，bring，buy，get，leave，lend，make，offer，pass，teach，tell，reach，return等。不及物动词不及物动词本身意思完整，无须接宾语，构成“主语谓语”的句型，如swim，come，go，run，travel等；如后面接宾语，必须与介词连用。如：lucy is swimming.露西正在游泳。i am waiting for you at the school gate.我正在校门口等你。有些动词既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词。如：we study english.我们学习英语。(及物)we study hard.我们学习努力。(不及物)the little girl is singing an english song.这个小女孩正在唱一首英语歌曲。(及物)the little girl sings well.这个小女孩唱歌很好。(不及物)(2)系动词的用法系动词本身没有词义，不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。常考系动词的分类类别功能例词表示状态表示主语所处的状态am，is，are，was，were表示持续表示主语继续或保持某种身份和状态keep，remain，stay，stand，lie表示感官表示人体感官的系动词look，feel，smell，taste，sound表示状态变化表示主语从一种状态变换到另一种状态become，get，go，grow，turn常见用法的注意事项：一般情况下，系动词没有被动语态形式。表示状态的系动词一般不用于进行时(feel除外)；变化系动词表示“渐渐”，可用于进行时。如：its getting warmer and warmer.天气渐渐变得暖和。(3)助动词的用法助动词本身没有意义或意义不完全，不能单独用作谓语。助动词在句中与实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语，以表示时态、语态、人称和数。此外，还可以用来构成否定、疑问或强调的句型。具体用法见下表：分类作用beam/is/are现在分词现在进行时was/were现在分词过去进行时be过去分词被动语态do形式有do，does，did，用于构成疑问句和否定句，或用在动词前加强语气havehave/has过去分词现在完成时had过去分词过去完成时havebeen现在分词现在完成进行时will/shallwill/shall动词原形一般将来时would/should动词原形过去将来时【易错点提醒】will，would，shall，should除了表示单纯的将来时间以外，更多的是用作情态动词。(4)情态动词的用法(具体用法和习题详见本专题的第三节情态动词)2动词的基本形式英语动词有五种基本形式，即：动词原形、第三人称单数(现在时)、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。形式构成例词动词原形不带to的动词不定式形式be，do，have，come第三人称单数一般在动词原形后直接加sworkworksreadreads以s，o，x，z，sh，ch结尾的动词，后加esgogoeswashwashes以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加esflyfliesstudystudies过去式与过去分词一般在动词原形后直接加edworkworkedstaystayed在以e结尾的动词后只加dcloseclosedlikeliked以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加edstudystudiedcarrycarried以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写此辅音字母再加edstopstoppedplanplanned续表形式构成例词现在分词一般在动词原形后直接加ingsleepsleepingwaitwaiting以不发音的e结尾的动词，去e再加ingsmilesmilingmovemoving以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写此辅音字母再加ingsitsittingdigdiggingplanplanning少数以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y，再加ingdiedyinglielying【考点抢测】(c)1._ everyone here today？now lets begin the meeting.abebarecis(b)2.he _ pale at the meeting this morning.agot blooked cturned(c)3.i _ go to bed until i finished my work.adont bdid cdidnt(a)4.he said that he dropped his bag when he _ running for the bus.awas bwere care(c)5.he _ an english club last year and has made great progress in english.aprotected bproducedcjoined(c)6.if you want to change the world，you have to _ yourself first.aenjoy bcheck cchange(c)7.i will meet jane at the station.please _ what time she will arrive.acount bchose ccheck(c)8.it is helpful to _ a good habit of reading in language learning.atake bshow cdevelop(c)9.the man over there _ be mr. smith.he has gone to hong kong.amust bmay ccant(c)10.according to the new traffic law，everyone in a car _ wear the belt.acan bmay cmust动词辨析【满分点拨】分析贵阳近几年的中考真题不难看出动词辨析是贵阳中考的一个必考点。主要涉及实义动词辨析，感官动词辨析等。这种题目多会在单选和完形填空中出现。这种题目主要考查学生平时对单词的记忆。【考点抢测】一、词语运用。wear，smell，cost1we need to buy a computer that _costs_ least and has the best quality.2why are you _wearing_ a tshirt？youll probably catch a cold in this very cold weather.3mom，this kind of fruit _smells_ nice.id like to taste one.二、单项选择。(c)4.you are _ to type quickly when talking to each other on qq，so the other person doesnt get bored.asuggestedbsupportedcsupposed(b)5.his family are worried about him because they havent _ letters from him for a long time.aaccepted breceivedcwritten(a)6.daisy is such a good daughter that she _ most of her spare time with her parents.aspendsbcostsctakes(c)7.try to _do not depend on your dictionary all the time.aknow bachieve cguess(c)8.dont forget to _ “thank you！”when someone helps you.atalk btell csay(c)9.the roof of the house ne