口译文化词汇.doc

四大发明 the four great inventions of ancient China火药gunpowder印刷术 printing造纸术paper-making指南针the compass四书The Four Books 大学 The Great Learning 中庸The Doctrine of the Mean 论语The Analects of Confucius 孟子The Mencius 中国画 traditional Chinese painting书法 calligraphy水墨画Chinese brush painting; ink and wash painting工笔 traditional Chinese realistic painting孙子兵法The Art of War汉字 Chinese character华夏祖先 the Chinese ancestors单音节 single syllable汉语有 “合理的逻辑性” Chinese language is “soberly logical” (Edward Sapir, American linguist)汉语四声调the four tones of Chinese characterslevel tone阳平rising tone阴平falling-rising tone上声falling tone去声 武术 martial art中国武术 Kung fu武术门派 styles or schools of martial art习武健身practice martial art for fitness气功Qigong, deep breathing exercises拳击boxing中国文学Chinese literature三国演义Three Kingdoms 西游记 Journey to the West; Pilgrimage to the West红楼梦Dream of the Red Mansions山海经 the Classic of Mountains and Rivers资治通鉴History as a Mirror；Comprehensive History Retold as a Mirror for Rulers西厢记 the Romance of West Chamber水浒传 Heroes of the Marshes; Tales of the Water Margin聊斋志异 Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio; Strange Tales from Make-Do Studio围城Fortress Besieged阿Q正传 The True Story of Ah Q春秋 the Spring and Autumn Annals史记 Historical Records诗经 The Books of Songs；the Book of Odes书经 The Books of History易经 I Ching; the Book of Changes礼记 the Book of Rites孝经Book of Filial Piety 三字经 three-character scripture； three-word chant八股文 eight-part essay; stereotyped writing五言绝句 five-character quatrain七言律诗 seven-character octave重要文化遗产major cultural heritage优秀民间艺术outstanding folk arts 文物cultural relics中国结 Chinese knot旗袍Cheongsam中山装Chinese tunic suit唐装traditional Chinese garments (clothing)，Tang suit景泰蓝cloisonn朝廷使者 royal court envoy文人 men of letters雅士 refined scholars表演艺术performing art 现代流行艺术popular art, pop art 纯艺术high art高雅艺术refined art 电影艺术cinematographic art 戏剧艺术theatrical art生 (男性正面角色) male (the positive male role)旦 (女性正面角色) female (the positive female role)净 (性格鲜明的男性配角) a supporting male role with striking character丑 (幽默滑稽或反面角色) a clown or a negative role花脸painted role歌舞喜剧musical滑稽场面, 搞笑小噱头shtick 滑稽短剧skit京剧人物脸谱Peking Opera Mask 皮影戏 shadow play; leather-silhouette show说书 story-telling叠罗汉 make a human pyramid折子戏 opera highlights踩高跷stilt walk哑剧 pantomime; mime哑剧演员 pantomimist戏剧小品 skit马戏circus show单口相声monologue comic talk, standup comedy 特技表演stunt 相声witty dialogue comedy, comic cross talk 杂技 acrobatics京韵大鼓the traditional story-telling in Beijing dialect with drum accompaniment秦腔shaanxi opera 篆刻sealcutting工艺, 手艺 workmanship / craftsmanship卷轴scroll蜡染batik泥人 clay figure漆画lacquer painting唐三彩Trio-colored glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty文房四宝The four stationery treasures of the Chinese study - a writing brush, an ink stick, an ink stone and paper民间传说 folklores寓言fable传说 legend 神话mythology古为今用,洋为中用make the past serve the present and the foreign serve china 赋诗inscribe a poem 对对联matching an antithetical couplet阳历Solar calendar 公历Gregorian calendar 阴历Lunar calendar 天干heavenly stem地支earthly branch闰年leap year二十四节气the twenty-four solar terms 十二生肖zodiac本命年 ones year of birth considered in relation to the 12 Terrestrial Branches传统节日traditional holidays春节 Spring Festival元宵节 Lantern Festival (15th day of the first lunar month)清明节 Pure Brightness Festival / Tomb-sweeping Day (April the 5th)端午节 Dragon Boat Festival (5th of the fifth lunar month)中秋节 Moon Festival / Mid-Autumn Day (15th of the eight lunar month)重阳节 Double Ninth Day / the Aged Day秦始皇帝 First Emperor, Emperor Chin皇太后 Empress Dowager汉高祖刘邦founder of the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD)成吉思汗 Genghis Khan ; Temujin才子佳人 gifted scholars and beautiful ladies文明摇篮 cradle of civilization夏朝 Xia Dynasty明清两代 (of) Ming and Qing dynasties中华文明 Chinese civilization文明摇篮 cradle of civilization地名：特别注意四川和陕西拼法四川 Sichuan, Szechwan, Szechuan陝西Shaanxi古文明研究中心 Research Center for Ancient Civilizations中外学者 Chinese and overseas scholars考古学家 archaeologists人类学家 anthropologist历史学家 historian地理学家geographer世界主要节日、纪念日、活动日成人节(日本，1月15日) ADULTS DAY男孩节(日本，5月5日) BOYS DAY 情人节(2月14日) ST.VALENTINES DAY (VALENTINES DAY) 狂欢节（巴西，二月中、下旬) CARNIVAL 桃花节(日本女孩节，3月3日) PEACH FLOWER FESTIVAL (DOLLS FESTIVAL）国际妇女节(3月8日) INTERNATIONAL WOMENS DAY 圣帕特里克节(爱尔兰，3月17日) ST. PATRICKS DAY 枫糖节(加拿大，3-4月) MAPLE SUGAR FESTIVAL 复活节(春分月圆后第一个星期日) EASTER宋干节(泰国新年4月13日) SONGKRAN FESTIVAL DAY 食品节(新加坡，4月17日) FOOD FESTIVAL 母亲节(5月的第二个星期日) MOTHERS DAY父亲节(6月的第三个星期日) FATHERS DAY 把斋节 BAMADAN开斋节(4月或5月，回历十月一日) LESSER BAIRAM银行休假日(英国, 5月31日) BANK HOLIDAY端午节(阴历5月5日) DRAGON BOAT FESTIVAL 仲夏节(北欧6月) MID-SUMMER DAY 古尔邦节(伊斯兰节，7月下旬) CORBAN 筷子节(日本，8月4日) CHOPSTICS DAY 敬老节(日本，9月15日) OLD PEOPLES DAY 啤酒节(德国十月节，10月10日) OKTOBERFEST 南瓜节(北美10月31日) PUMPKIN DAY /鬼节(万圣节除夕，10月31日夜) HALLOWEEN /万圣节(11月1日) HALLOWMAS 感恩节(美国，11月最后一个星期4) THANKSGIVING 护士节(12月12日) NRUSE DAY 世界消费者权益日(3月15日) WORLD CONSUMER RIGHT DAY 世界水日(3月22日) WORLD WATER DAY 世界卫生日(4月7日) WORLD HEALTH DAY 世界地球日(4月22日) WORLD EARTH DAY世界住房日(十月第一个星期一) WORLD HOUSING DAY国际秘书节(4月25日) INTERNATIONAL SECRETARY DAY 国际红十字日(5月8日) INTERNATIONAL RED-CROSS DAY 国际护士节(5月12日) INTERNATIONAL NURSE DAY 世界电信日(5月17日) WORLD TELECOMMUNICATIONS DAY 世界无烟日(5月31日) WORLD NO-SMOKING DAY 世界环境日(6月5日) WORLD ENVIRONMENT DAY世界人口日(7月11日) WORLD POPULATION DAY 世界旅游日(9月27日) WORLD TOURISM DAY 世界邮政日(10月9日) WORLD POST DAY 世界粮食日(10月16日) WORLD GRAIN DAY 世界爱滋病日(12月1日) WORLD AIDS DAY 世界残疾日(12月3日) WORLD DISABLED DAY 中国节日 国际劳动妇女节International Working women s Day,（Womens Day） Mar.8国际劳动节International Labor Day,(May. Day) May.1中国青年节 Chinese Youth Day May.4 中国共产党诞生纪念日 (党的生日) Anniversary of the Founding of the Chinese Communist Party ,(the Party s Birthday) July .1建军节 Army Day August .1元宵节 (灯节)the Lantern Festival 农历正月十五清明节the Qingming Festival四月五日前后端午节the Dragon-Boat Festival农历五月初五中秋节the Mid-Autumn Festival （the Moon Festival）农历八月十五重阳节the Double-Ninth Day农历九月初九情人节 the Double-Seventh Day农历七月初七二十四节气 The 24 Solar Terms (P34)春雨惊春清谷天: 立春雨水惊蛰春分清明谷雨 Spring begins/The Beginning of Spring. The rains/Rain Water. Insects awaken. Vernal Equinox .Clear and bright/Pure Brightness. Grain rain. 夏满芒夏暑相连:立夏小满芒种夏至小暑大暑Summer begins. Grain buds. Grain in ear. Summer solstice. Slight heat. Great heat. 秋处露秋寒霜降:立秋处暑白露秋分寒露霜降 Autumn begins. Stopping the heat. White dews. Autumn Equinox. Cold dews. Hoar-frost falls. 冬雪雪冬大小寒:立冬小雪大雪冬至小寒大寒Winter begins. Light snow. Heavy snow. Winter Solstice. Slight cold. Great cold 中菜的烹调方法煮boiling/煲/炖stewing烧/焖/烩braising煎frying炒stir-frying爆quick-frying炸deep-frying/扒frying and simmering/煸sauteing/煨simmering熏smoking烤roasting/barbecuing/烘baking/蒸st