句子成分精讲.doc

Grammar(1)英语中的句子成分构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分。主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语和同位语。1、主语一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。主语的位置：一般位于句首，由名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），数词，动词不定式，动名词，名词化的形容词和主语从句子等充当。The school is far from here. 名词做主语She goes to school by bike. 代词做主语Eight is a lucky number. 数词做主语The blind need more help. 名词化的形容词做主语To be a doctor is my dream. 动词不定式做主语Seeing is believing. 动名词做主语 What he said does not matter. 从句做主语2、谓语说明主语的动作或状态，一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语，连系动词与表语一起构成谓语，情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语，助动词与动词原形或过去分词共同构成谓语部分。He works in a factory.(实义动词)I felt cold. (系动词表语)He can speak English. (情态动词实义动词)He has gone.(助动词过去分词)【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。3、表语用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质、状态。一般由名词、形容词、数词、介词短语、分词、不定式、动名词和表语从句充当。和连系动词一起构成复合谓语。常见的系动词1. be动词2. 与感觉有关的动词 look, sound, smell, taste, feel 等3. 表示状态变化的动词，意为“变得” “变成” 如 get, grow, become, turn等They are workers.(名词)Two and three is five.(数词)The dish tastes delicious.(形容词)My job is teaching English.(动名词)She is in the room .(介词短语)Their plan is to finish the experiment in a week. (动词不定式)What I want to know is when well have the sports meet. (表语从句)4、宾语是动作的对象或承受者。及物动词必须跟宾语.及物动词:直接接宾语的谓语动词.不及物动词:不能直接带宾语的谓语动词.宾语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、不定式、名词化的形容词和从句构成.I saw a plane in the sky just now. 名词做宾语I like going shopping. 动名词做宾语They helped the old with their housework yesterday. 名词化的形容词做宾语We think he is right. 宾语从句He has refused to help them. 动词不定式做宾语5、宾语补足语（宾补）有些及物动词（如make, see, find, call, get, have, let等）只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作补充说明的成分。充当宾补的有:1. 形容词作宾语补足语The sun keeps us warm.2. 介词短语作宾语补足语:I found her in the room.3. 副词作宾语补足语。Please let him in.4. 名词作宾语补足语。We made him monitor of the class.5. 动词不定式和分词也能用作宾语补足语。I asked him to come.We saw her entering the room.They found Guilin greatly changed.6、定语定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用的表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时，（如：something、nothing）；或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时，则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。 1. 形容词作定语(一般放在被修饰语之前,修饰不定代词时放在后面) They have a clever son. I have something important to tell you.2. 名词作定语: Is it a color film?名词作定语一般用单数形式, 如:school bus,ticket office, paper flowers但也有例外,如: sports meeting, clothes shopman 和 woman修饰的名词如果是复数,它们则以复数的形式作定语,如: men drivers , women doctors3. 代词作定语: This song is better than that one.4. 数词作定语: There are only thirty students in our class.带有数字的复合形容词.当复合形容词用连字号连接时,其中的名词要用单数形式.a two-day holiday a three-year-old boy5. 副词作定语(放在被修饰词之后):Do you know the young man over there?6. 介词短语作定语(放在被修饰词之后):The students in our class like swimming.7. 分词做定语China is a developing country; America is a developed country.8.不定式做定语Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.9.动名词做定语The teaching plan has been worked out.10.定语从句There is nothing that worries him.7、状语修饰动词，形容词，副词或全句, 用以说明地点, 时间, 方式, 程度, 原因, 目的, 结果, 条件, 让步等.1. 副词作状语: The old man is walking slowly. 表方式The boy is very clever. 表程度2. 介词短语作状语:I have lived in Shanghai for five years. 3. 不定式作状语I come here to see you. 表目的4. 分词作状语Not knowing what to do, he decided to ask the teacher for advice. 表原因The teacher came in, followed by a group of students. 表伴随5. 状语从句Well go shopping if it doesnt rain tomorrow.8. 同位语同位语位于名词或代词之后，对它们的性质和情况进行解释说明。一般由名词或代词，名词性短语或从句充当。1. 名词We young people should respect the old.2. 代词He himself will do the experiment.3. 从句He told me the news that they had won the game.句子成分练习题 1.指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分：1.Whether well go depend on the weather .2. Peoples standards of living are going up steadily .3. That was how they were defeated.4.The nursery takes good care of our children .5.He managed to finish the work in time.6.The woman with a baby in her arms is his other .7.There are many film that Id like to see.8.Have you met the person about whom he was speaking ?9.I have a lot of work to do .10.There is going to be an American film tonight.11.I said it in fun .12.We can send a car over to fetch you .13.She had to work standing up .14.Seeing this ,some comrades became very worried .15Much interested , he agreed to give it a try .16.The bus arrived ten minutes late .17.We should serve the people heart and soul.18.Spring coming on , the tree turned green .19.Some farmers saw something strange in the sky .20.We think it necessary that everyone should attend the meeting .21.Its strange that she doesnt come today .22.It was in the library that I come today .23.He likes drawing at times when he isnt working .24.We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door. 25.He noticed a man enter the room.2.改错1.He said he yesterday went to see a doctor.2.Master a foreign language is very important to us young people.3.It was Tom asked him for advice.4.He doesnt think a good ide