初中单词用法.doc

初中英语重点词汇/例句/用法编制:刘康永的记号很重要,必须记熟A. a 一个(后接的单词第一个读辅音); 如 a workan 一个(后接的单词第一个读元音) an apple/an hour.plenty of+可数名词或不可数名词的复数；“大量”。I dont have to do it in a hurry because I have plenty of time.(我用不着赶忙,因为我有充足的时间。)a number of / a large numbers of+可数名词I have a number of letters to write today.(今天我有好多信要写) a great deal of+不可数名词I spend a great deal of time/money on shopping.(在购物方面我花费了大量的时间/金钱)a bit和a little有点. 可放在比较级前面。a bit of 后跟名词a bit of homework一点家庭作业.I feel a bit lonely from time to time我偶尔感到有点儿孤独。from time to time不时地; 偶尔few、little意思是“很少几个”、“几乎没有”,有否定意思,a few、a little意思是“有几个”、“有些”,有肯定意思 ；few(否定)、a few(肯定):与可数名词连 little(否定)、a little(肯定):与不可数名词连用He is very poor and he has little money.(他很穷,几乎没有什么钱。) Dont worry. There is still a little time left.(别着急,还有一点儿时间呢。) In that polar region there live few people.(在那个极地地区几乎不住人) You can get a few sweets from him.(你可以从他那儿弄到一些糖果)a little 有点儿，（比）稍微可修饰比较级Its 10 a.m. I feel a little hungry.上午10点了，我感到有点饿。Lily is 1.65 metres tall. I am 1.63 metres tall. Lily is a little taller than I. Lily1.65米高。我1.63米高。Lily比我高一点。常用短语:1) a lot of (lots of) 许多2) a piece of 一张(一片，块)3) a pile of (piles and piles of) 一堆(一堆堆的) 4)a pair of(一副、一双), 5) a bottle of 一瓶6) a set of 一套7) a kind of 一种8) a type of 一种类型的9) a great deal of 非常多，大量的(接不可数名词)10) a large (great) number of 非常多，大量的(可数名词)11) a great many 大量，许多(可数名词)20) a different type of 一种不同型号的21) a group of 一队，一组，一群22)half an hour(半小时),23)have a good time(玩得开心), What can I do for you?我能为你做什么?- Id like two _B_.我想要A. box of apple B. boxes of apples C. box of apples D. boxes of appleId like to do sth或Id like+名词2、ability n. 能力 be able to do有能力做Different people have different abilities.不同的人有不同的能力。 be able to do表示经过艰难困苦才能做到的事。3、above prep. 在的上面 below prep. 在的下面 over prep. 在的正上方There is a bridge over the river.有一座桥横跨这条河。 under prep. 在的下方 There is a bike under the tree.有一辆自行车在树下。 on prep. 在的上面 （表面上） There is a book on the desk.桌上有一本书。 over / up above上面 on infront前面 in里面 behind后面 before前面 under below下面 into进入里面 out从里面出来4、abroad adv. 在国外，到国外Im planning to travel abroad in this coming summer holidays.我计划在即将到来的暑假里去国外旅行。、accept vt. 接受 辨析：receive 收到Do you accept what he told you?你能接受他所告诉你的事吗？Do you receive my birthday gift你收到了我的生日礼物吗He received my birthday gift ,but he didnt accept it.他收到了我的生日礼物,但是他不要.6、accident n. 事故，意外的事The car accident killed three men yesterday.昨天，三个人在这场车祸中丧生。7、achieve vt. 获得 I dont know how to achieve a balance between myschoolwork and my hobbies. 我不知道怎样在学习和爱好两者之间取得平衡。、across prep. 穿过(平面的) ,前面常加go. go across the road/ bridge/street/fieldGo across the road and walk on,youll see the bookshop.穿过这条马路继续走，你就看到那个书店。cross vt. 穿过 Cross the road and youll see the museum. 穿过这条马路，你就看到那个博物馆。through prep. 穿过，通过(立体的) go through the forest/tunnel 穿过森林/隧道The sun is shining through the window阳光透过窗户照进来9、action n. 行动 take action(s) 采取行动If we do not take action,there will be no bears in the world.如果我们不采取行动，世界上就没有熊了。10、active adj. 积极的，活跃的 You are energetic and active,but sometimes too impatient.你精力充沛、活泼，但有时你太没有耐心了。 take an active part in 积极参加We hope you will take an active part in the sport. actively adv. 积极地，活跃地11、activity n. 活动 We do after-school activities every afternoon.我们每天下午进行室内活动。12admit “承认”，admit doing。 The child admit making his mistake.这孩子承认犯错了.13advantage n. 优势，长处 disadvantage n. 劣势，缺点，不利条件Living in the country has advantages and disadvantages.住在农村既有优势也有劣势。、advise vt. 建议，劝告 advise sb.to do sth. 建议某人做某事特殊注意： 后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即：advise that sb. (should) do的形式。Our English teacher advises us to speak English as much as possible.我们英语教师建议我们尽可能多说英语。advice 不可数名词 建议，劝告，忠告 suggestion n. (可数名词) 建议 give sb. some advice 给某人提一些建议offer sb. some suggestions提供一些建议。I dont know how to learn English well.I hope you can give me some advice.我不知道怎样学好英语。我希望你可以给我一些建议。Can you give me some advice?你能给我一些建议吗？ Can you offer me some suggestions? 你能给我一些建议吗？advice 不可数名词 建议，advise vt. 建议，劝告 choice n.选择 choose vt.选择 practice n. 实行, 练习, practise v.练习, 实施15、affect vt. 影响, 感动 affect our moods 影响我们的心情 Do you know that colours can affect our moods?你知道颜色能影响我们情绪吗？ effect n. 影响，作用, 结果 have a good/bad effect on sb.对某人有好的/坏的影响16、afford vt./ vi. 买的起，能做 afford sth. 买的起 afford to do sth. 有能力做某事特殊注意： 前面需要有be able to或can等词。 The car is too expensive. I cant afford it/I cant afford to buy it.这辆太贵了， 我买不起。易混淆的单词：effort n 努力, 成就offer n. 提议, vt. vi.提供, 出现, 、afraid adj. 担心，害怕，恐怕 (1) be afraid 意为“担心，害怕”，Im afraid (that) “恐怕”；语意相当于Im sorry, but.- Are we on time? 我们准时吗? - Im afraid not. 恐怕不准时。I have a lot of homework to do. Im afraid (that) I cant go with you.我有许多家庭作业要做，恐怕我不能和你去了。(2) be afraid to do sth 常表示“由于胆小而不敢做某事”Dont be afraid to ask questions.不要害怕问问题(3) be afraid of (doing) sth.。 I was afraid of hurting her feelings. 我害怕伤害她的感情。 Im afraid of snakes.我害怕蛇frightened adj. 感到恐惧的 They heard something unusual,they felt frightened.他们听到一些异常情况，他们感到恐惧。18after 一般用法：表示在时间、空间之后；be after表示“追寻”。 注意：after用在将来时的时候后面接一时间点，in接一个时间段，如：after 3 oclock; in 3 days. 19、against prep. 反对，违反，紧靠he has done something against the law.他做了违法的事。turn against反对20、age n. 年龄 at the age of 在岁时Whats your age?/How old are you?你多大啦？At the age of five,she could swim.在5岁的时候，他就能游泳。、ago adv. 以前 用于过去式.later、after、ago、before的用法：“一段时间+later/ago”分别表示“(多久)以后/以前”,主要用于过去时态。 “after/before+某个时刻”分别表示“在某时刻之后/之前”,此时两个词是介词。ago只能用于过去时,before用于完成时。He had an accident a week ago.(一周前出了一个事故)Some years later, the boy became a very famous singer.(数年后这个男孩成了著名的歌唱家)The train had left before I went to the station.在我到达火车站之前，火车就离开了。、agree vi. 同意，赞同 反义词：disagreeagree with sb. 同意某人的看法 agree to do sth同意做某事agree about表示“对话题有相同看法”agree to +建议”表示“同意”某人的建议,agree on + 决定”表示“赞成某人的决定”。agreement n. 同意，协议 I agree with your parents that it is better for you to go home earlier.我同意你父母的观点，你最好早点回家。disagree 不同意;不适宜 disagree with sb. 注意： disagree虽然在形式上有否定前缀，但并不是个否定词。注意它的反义问句形式：He disagreed with you, didnt he?23、air n. 空气，大气 air pollution 空气污染There isnt air or water on the moon.月球上没有空气和水 24、allow vt. 允许 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 My parents dont allow me to play outside after 6 p.m. 我父母不允许我下午6点之后出去玩.、almost adv. 几乎，差不多 nearly adv. 几乎，差不多 hardly adv.几乎不almost、nearly的区别：大多数情况下可以互换,与否定词连用时用almost不用nearly。He had done almost nothing today.他今天几乎没有干什么We are almost/nearly there.(我们几乎就到那里了)Almost nobody understood his words.(几乎没人懂他的话)、alone adv./ adj. 独自，单独 live alone lonely adj. 孤独的，寂寞的 feel lonely The old man lives alone,but he doesnt feel lonely.这个老人独自一人居住，但他不感到寂寞。27、along prep. 沿着 go/walk along the roadget along(well) with 与相处（融洽）， I get along well with all my classmates.我和我所有同学相处融洽。、already adv.已经 (肯定句),放句中或句末yet adv. 已经/还（未）(否定句和疑问句)放句末.already、yet用于完成时中We have already finished our homework.。Have you finished your homework yet? No ,not yet.你已经做完你的庭作业了吗？还没有。29、although conj.虽然，尽管 不能和but连用though与although一般可互换：两个词均不可以与but同时使用,但在句中可加still或yet连用。Although he studies hard, he cant catch up with others. 虽然他努力学习，但他不能赶上别人。30、among prep. 在三者或以上中间 between prep. 在两者之间 The teacher stands among the students.老师站在学生中间There is a railway between the two cities.在这两城市间有一条铁路。、also、too、either、nor的用法：also(“也”)用于肯定句，谓语动词之前；too(“也”)用于肯定句和疑问句的末尾,用逗号隔开；either(“也”)用于否定句末尾,也用逗号隔开；nor(“也不”)用于倒装句句首；as well 也, (放句尾,肯定句)：You can also find the market is very good.(你还可以发觉那个市场很好。)Are you American,too?(你也是美国人吗？)He is not happy and I am not happy, either.他不愉快,我也不。) / He didnt watch the football game. Nor did I.(他没有看足球赛,我也没有。)I didnt watch the football game. Nor I did.我没有看足球赛,我确实没有看I want to read the book as well.我也想读这本书。、another adj.另一个，别的 后跟可数名词单数，如果后面加复数名词，则名词前要一个数词。other 其余的,另外的; 后加可数名词复数Would you like another cup of tea?你想再要一杯茶吗？I want another four books.(我还要四本书)onethe other（两个中的另一个）一个另一个some others一些其余The old man has two daughters.One is a worker,the other is a nurse.这老人有两了女儿，一个是工人，另一个是护士。如：This is one of your socks. Where is the other one?(这是你的一只袜子,还有一只呢？)others泛指“别的人/物”(指大部分)；前面一般是Somethe others特指“剩余的人/物”,(指全部)= the other+复数名词。前面一般有具体数量。Two of the ten boys are standing and the others are sitting round them.十个男孩中有两个站着,其他人都围着他们坐着Some people like to stay at home, but _C_ like to go to the cinema.A.another B. other C. others D. other oneelse其他的；另外的(在疑问词、不定代词之后)something else其余事; what else其余什么东西.33、angry adj. 生气的，愤怒的 be angry at sth对某事生气be angry with sb生某人的气。angrily adv. 愤怒地His parents became angry when he made the same mistake again.当他再次犯同样的错误时，他的父母生气了。“What?”the tiger said angrily. “什么?”老虎生气地说。、answer n. 答案 v.回答 answer a question = reply to a question回答问题the answer to 的答案the key to 的答案/钥匙.Can you tell me the answer to the question? Its difficult for me.你能告诉我这个问题答案吗？这对我有点难。Can you answer the question?Yes ,I can你能回答这个问题吗reply n./v. 答复，回答 My penfriend in the USA hasnt replied to my last three e-mails.我在美国的笔友还没有回复我上次三份e-mail。35anyone pron. 任何人 用于疑问句和否定句Is there anyone in the room? 房间里有人吗？36anxious担心的；盼望的 特殊注意： be anxious about表示担心；be anxious for表示盼望得到37. appearance n.出现，相貌 appear vi.出现, 看来, 似乎, 不及物动词，没有宾语，没有被动语态反义词：disappear She made her final appearance on the screen. 她最后一次出现在银幕上。38、argue vi. 辩论，争辩 argue with sb. 和某人争辩 I love peace and do not like to argue with others.我喜欢安静不喜欢和别人争辩。、arrive vi. 到达 arrive at/in ,get to,reach a place 到达某地 arrive in +大地方, arrive at +小地方, reach +地方, get to +地方, 但get here/there/home(动词+副词),中间不要toWhen we arrived,the film had been on for 10 minutes.当我们到达的时候。电影已经放映10分钟了。.as adv 同样的,象,被看作 prep 当作 conj与一样; 象;因为; 当.的时候asas常构成一些词组：as soon as(一旦就), as well as(同样),as+形容词/副词+as possible(尽可能地)Please ring me up as soon as you get to Beijing.(请你一到北京就给我写信。)Miss Gao hurried to the school gate as quickly as possible.(高小姐尽快地赶到了校门口)注释 “as long / much as + 名词”可以表示“长达/多达”的含义。The house costs as much as five hundred thousand yuan.(那幢房子花费高达50万元。) 41ask 一般用法： ask to do; ask sb. to do; ask for 特殊注意： 后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即：ask that sb. (should) do的形式42.asleep adj. 睡着的 fall asleep 入睡asleep只能作表语，不能作定语。通常与动词be及fall搭配；He was too tired, so he fell fast asleep.他太累了，很快就入睡了。 sleep vi./n. 睡觉 go to sleep , get enough sleepI dont get enough sleep. I feel sleepy in class我没有足够的睡眠，我课堂上感到想睡觉。 sleepy adj.欲睡的，困倦的feel sleepy感到困倦43attend 用法： 表示参加，后面经常加上meeting会议, lecture演讲, conference会议, class, school, wedding婚礼, funeral葬礼44、attention n. 注意，专心 pay attention to 注意 You should pay attention to your spoken English.你应该注意你的口语。45、awake adj. 醒着的 反义词：asleep Suzy was still awake at 12 oclock last night. Suzy昨晚12点仍然醒着。46、award n. 奖，奖品，奖金 近义词：prize the Grade 7 Most Helpful Student Award 七年级最佳乐于助人学生奖 Beijing Musuic Awards 北京音乐奖B1、 badly adv. 拙劣地，糟糕地，严重地 比较级最高级 worseworstOur team played badly at first but got better in the second half.我们的队伍开始打的糟糕，但下半场打的好些。His grandfather is badly ill.他的爷爷病得很严重2、 beauty n. 美，美丽 beautiful adj.美丽的Walk slowly around the lake and feel the beauty of the old park.慢慢沿着湖边散步，会感受到这个古老公园的美丽。Our hometown is a beautiful and quiet place.我们的家乡是一个美丽而安静的地方。 be 是am, is, are的原形,系动词.He is a tall man. He is tall.( tall前没有a) 即be+形容词be(is,are,am)+doing 现在进行时.He is playing with snow.be(is,are,am，were,was)+done 被动语态结构A man was killed in the accident.(一个人死于事故)谓语动词绝对不能用“行为动词1 + 原形动词”、和“be + 原形动词”结构 常考be短语1) be back回来/ be in在家/ be out外出2) be at home在家/ be at work 上班3) be good at 善于，擅长于 =do well in4) be careful of 当心，注意，仔细take care of 关心，照顾，保管5) be covered with 被复盖6) be surprised at 对感到惊讶7) be interested in 对感到兴趣8) be able to do sth. 能够做9) be afraid of doing / be afraid of sth害怕be afraid to do sth. 不敢做be afraid that恐怕10) be angry with sb. 生(某人) 的气 be angry at sth. 生(某事) 的气11) be pleased with 对感到高兴(满意) be satisfied with 对感到满意12) be famous for 以而著名13) be strict in sth 对某事严格要求 be strict with sb 对人 严格要求14) be from=come from 来自，什么地方人15) be hungry/ be thirsty/ be tired 饿了/渴了/累了16) be (well) worth doing (非常) 值得做17) be in (great) need of (很) 需要18) be in trouble 处于困境中19) be glad to do sth. 很高兴做20) be late for 迟到21) be made of 由制成(看得出材料)be made from 由制成(看不出材料)22) be free 空闲的，有空23) be (ill) in bed 卧病在床24) be busy doing 忙于做be busy with sth忙于某事4.beat 一般用法： 后面+人; 表示打败某人，后面+物,表示连续不断地击打某物。 特殊注意： heartbeat表示心跳 win 后面不能加人,只能加别的词.because 一般用法： 后面接原因状语从句，because of后面接名词。 He was prevented from going to school because of his illness.=He was prevented from going to school because he was ill。因为他病了,他被劝阻去学校.特殊注意：回答why的特殊疑问句时,只能用because. Because不能与so（所以）连用。since,for,because,as表原因的用法区别： because：表示直接的原因或理由。用于回答Why的问题。because与so不能同时并列使用。since：表示对方已知的，无须加以说明的既成事实的理由。译为“既然”。as：表示十分明显的原因，一般说明因果关系。for：常出现在并列句中，不说明主句行为的直接原因，只提供补充说明，且不可位于句首。6. become vi. 成为，变得 became becomeI want to become a famous writer and travel around the world in the future.我想将来成为一个著名的作家并且周游全世界。Nanjing is becoming more and more beautiful.南京正变得越来越漂亮。7、begin/start vi./vt. 开始 begin/start to do sth.=begin/start doing sth. He began to learn English when he was six years old.当他6岁时就开始学英语。 beginning n. 开始，起初 began begun at the beginning of 在开始At the beginning of the class, we sang an English song.在这堂课开始时，我们唱了一首英文歌。8.believe sb.表示相信某人说的话；believe in sb.表示信任某人。 注意： 回答问句时通常用I believe so/not的形式.besides 一般用法： 表示“除之外，还有”， except除之外(不在范围内)注意：还可以用作副词，表示此外，要用逗号隔开10.between pron. 两者之间between. and among 三者或以上之间He will come between 5p.m and 7p.m 他将在5点到7点之间来。11.beyond 一般用法： 表示越过、在另一边，如：beyond the wood/bridge. 特殊注意： 可以用于引申含义，表示超出，如：beyond control失控（超出控制了）12、birth n. 出生，诞生 date of birth 出生日期 birthday 生日Next Sunday is my twelfth birthday.下周日是我12岁的生日。13.bit 一般用法： 与a little一样可以修饰不可数名词，形容词或副词。 特殊注意： 修饰名词时要用a bit of；not a bit表示一点也不。14.blame 责怪take/bear the blame; blame sth. on. sb. 特殊注意： 表示应受到责怪时不用被动语态，如：He is to blame.15.blow 风吹： blow down/away 特殊注意： 表示风刮得很大时要用blow hard.、boring adj. 令人厌烦的 The book is very boring.bored adj. 感到厌烦的 Im bored with the book.bore vt. 令人厌烦 This book bores me.feel bored adj. 感到无聊的The trip to the World Park was boring. We all felt bored on the way.去世界公园的旅行令人乏味,在路上我们都感到乏味有些表示情感的及物动词，有与bore类似的用法。如：interest, excite, surprise, amaze, frighten, astonish, move, inspire, touch, scare, disappoint, puzzle, worry 这类词的ing形式，为“主语本身就是有趣的等等”；ed(过去分词)形式，为“主语感到有趣等”。、borrow vt. （向某人）借入 borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物 lend vt. 借出 lend sth. to sb./lend sb.sth. 把某物借给某人 Excuse me,can I borrow a bike from you?/Can I borrow your bike?我能借你的自行车吗？ I lent my English book to Kate yesterday. 昨天我把我的英语书借给Kate了。keep 借多长时间You can keep the book for 2 weeks.这本书你可以借2周。、both pron./adj. 两者，双方，两者的，双方的 Peter and I are both students. Pete和我都是学生。Both he and I are hard-working.neither 两者都不either 两者中的 一个I dont like either of them. Do you have any other blouse? all (三者或三者以上)都 none (三者或三者以上)都不 All of us are students. We are all students.我们都是学生。 We all work hard at English. 我们都努力学英语each：“每一个”，作形容词，作代词，后可接of短语。There are trees on each side / both sides of the river.Each of us has a chance to go to university.We each have a dictionary.every：三者或三者以上中的每一个，是形容词，只能作定语，后面不能接of介词短语。If you keep still, you can sit on either end of the boat.都任何都不两者both eitherneither两者（以上）all any none- Do you want tea or coffee?- _ . I really dont mind.A. Both B. NoneC. EitherD. Neither19.bread n.不可数名词 I am not full, I want two more pieces of bread. 我没吃饱， 我还想要两快面包。20、breath n. 呼吸 out of breath 上气不接下气 breathe vt./vi. 呼吸 breathe heavily 呼吸急促take a breath深吸一口气；take breath表示喘口气。Daniel arrived out of breath because he missed the early bus. Daniel上气不接下气赶到，因为他错过早班车。 A witness reported that he was breathing heavily and had blood on his shirt.一个证人报告说他呼吸急促，衬衫上有血。21、bridge n. 桥 There is a wooden bridge over the river. 有一座木桥横跨这条河。 go across the bridge /cross the bridge /walk over the bridge 过桥22、bright adj. 明亮的，聪明的 My classroom is very bright.我的教室非常明亮。He is a bright/smart/clever boy.他是一个聪明的男孩。、bring vt. 从别处带来，拿来 brought take vt. 从面前拿走 took takenfetch 去别的地方拿过来carry 指一般的搬运,不涉及方向；send主要指“送、派遣、寄”；lift指把东西由低向高“提起、拎起”。 Take these old chairs away,and bring the new ones here.把这些旧椅子拿走，带一些新椅子来。 Remember to bring your homework here tomorrow.记得明天把你作业带来。 Its raining outside. Please take an umbrella with you when you go out.外面正下雨。当你出去的时候，请带一把伞。24、build vt. 建造，建筑 built building n. 建筑物，楼房 We should build more reserves for giant pandas.我们应该为大熊猫建立更多的保护区。 Most of us live in tall buildings.我们中的绝大部分住在高楼里。25、burn vt. 烧伤，烧 The fire burned Zhang Huas neck,arms,and face.火烧伤了张华的脖子、胳膊和脸。26、busy adj. 忙的，忙碌的 be busy with sth / be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事特殊注意： 不能说My work is busy. 应说: I am busy with my work.business n. 企业，商行，工厂on business表示出差