人教新课标必修5unit2考点归纳.doc

单元综述：作为复习，本单元中的好多考点在以前的复习中，我们已经不止一次的遇到，但是复习的目的就是重复，因此本单元还要巩固如下要点：1). 本单元中出现了好多分词做宾语补足语、状语、定语的结构，要背诵并模仿使用类似词汇。 2). 本单元中还出现了许多重要的词汇，要能理解并能替换成学过的熟悉表达方式。 3). 本单元还有好多的特殊句式供我们体会、模仿。第一部分：分词的各种结构。分词现在分词和过去分词具有形容词的功能(比如句1)，所以可以充当定语、状语、表语、补语；动名词可以充当主语，宾语。你能否讲下面的分词加以标注，区分它们各自所充当的语法功能吗？1. You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile. （形容词做宾补结构）2. England can be divided into 3 main areas.（本句分词作表语-即所谓被动语态）看如下考题：1). Is honesty the best policy? We that it is when we are little. (2012上海卷) A. will teach B. teach C. are taught D. will be taught2). The letters for the boss_ on his desk but he didnt read them until three later. (2012天津卷)A. were put B. was put C. put D. has put3. It has the oldest port built by the Romans in the first century AD, the oldest building begun by the Anglo-Saxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle constructed by later Norman rulers in 1066. （本句中三个分词结构都做定语）看12年考题：1). The club, _ _ 25 years ago, is holding a party for past and present members. (2012上海卷) A. founded B. founding C. being founded D. to be founded2). Its a such nice place, Mother said as she sat at the table_ for customs. (2012浙江卷)A. to be reserved B. Living reserved C. reserving D. reserved4. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.（本句分词作宾补）看如下考题：1). He got up late and hurried to his office, _the breakfast untouched. (2012天津卷) A. left B. to leave C. leaving D. having left5. He had photos taken standing on either side of the line.6. Who had the two princes killed?（以上2个结构中过去分词作宾补）看如下考题：1). Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car_. (2012四川卷)A. washed B. wash C. washing D. to wash2).Claire had luggage _an hour before her plane left. （2011陕西卷）A. check B. checking C. to check D. checked7. When she saw many visitors enjoying looking at the beautiful old Chinese pots, she felt very proud of her country.（本句中现在分词作宾补）1). Rod loves clocks. However, he never manages to put them together again. (2012辽宁卷)A. taking apart B. giving away C. making up D. turning off2).The next thing he saw was smoke _from behind the house. (2011全国卷I)A. rose B. rising C. to rise D. risen8. The countries are alike in wanting their own systems to continue.（本句中分词做介词宾语） 1). One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them. (2012北京卷)A. corrects B. correct C. to correct D. correcting2).Lydia doesnt feel like_ abroad. Her parents are old. （2011四川卷）A. study B. studying C. studied D. to study9. Worried about the time available, Tim had made a list of the sites he wanted to see in London.本句“worried”一个过去分词做状语，而在2012年陕西完形里面，也出现了类似的句子结构，Cold and tired, she fell asleep near a stream.其中“tired”就是一个分词做状语的形式，与考题完全一致。第二部分：重点单词和短语。10. How many countries does the UK consist of? “consist of ”表示由什么所构成，没有被动结构。看“2012年浙江卷完形”：The package consisted of a long, narrow box carefully wrapped in brown paper.The countries that make up Great Britain are .“make up”表示“构成，组成了”的意思，除此以外，它还有好多意思，我们看看这个短语在考题中的表现：1). Two years ago, I decided that I would need to have some kind of extra work to make up for my disability pension (残疾抚恤金). （2011年浙江卷完形）2). American Indians _ about five percent of the U.S. population.(08年浙江卷)A. fill up B. bring up C. make up D. set up 11. You can clarify this question if you study British history. “clarify”表示“区分，分类”，它可以等同语“sort”，如下面的试题：1). When did the computer crash? (2012福建卷) This morning, while I _ the reading materials downloaded from some websites.A. have sorted B. was sorting C. am sortingD. had sorted12. Who rules the UK?对于动词“rule”我们主要看它的意思。1). The experiment has_ the possibility of the existence of any life on that planet, but it does not mean there is no life on other planets.A. found out B. pointed out C. ruled out D. carried out (2010年高考江苏卷)13. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.对于短语“refer to”，我们通过该回顾一下它在历年高考题中的表现就该知道应该掌握一点-短语的意思。1). -And besides, these colors are more_ you.-Do you really think so? Ill take it, then.A. becoming to B. belonging to C. referring to D. used to2). Youd better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future _.（2012年江西卷）A. purpose B. reference C. progress D. memory3). Im so glad youve come here to this matter in person. （2012湖北）A. lead to B. see to C. turn to D. refer to4). Is that the small town you often refer to?（05年福建） Right, just the one _ you know I used to work for years. A. that B. which C. where D. what5). _ more and more people may refer to the Internet for up-to-minute news, it is unlikely that the newspaper will disappear. A. When B. As C. Since D. While14. Can you name the capital of the countries of the UK? 对于“name”而言，我们主要熟悉一下作为常用词汇，它有其他别的意思-说出。When Glen Kruger picked a small cat from an animal shelter, he did not expect much. Yet right from the start, eight years ago, there was an uncommon connection between him and the small black cat. He named her Inky.（2012年辽宁卷完形） 15. If you look around the British countryside you will find evidence of all these invaders. 单词“evidence”在考察的时候，经常出现名词性从句。比如下面的两道试题:1). All the scientific evidence _that increasing use of chemicals in farming _damaging our health.（12湖南卷)）A. show；are B. shows；are C. show；isD. shows；is2). Evidence has been found through years of study _ childrens early sleeping problem likely to continue when they grow up. (2012重庆卷)A. why B. how C. whether D. that16. Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became king of the England and Wales as well.“Accomplish=achieved=finished”, 看这个单词在考题中的应用：1). 2012年高考天津卷Over three days we collected about 6,000 pounds of trash. It was amazing how much we were able to _29_.29. A. demandB. receive C. accomplishD. overcome2). Think about what you really care about, and set goals to accomplish _ matters to you.A. that B. which C. what D. when3). Your passport application form should be _ by two recent photographs when you go to the Passport Office. A. accomplished B. accompanied C. accessed D. addressed(经典模拟试题)17. Big Ben is the famous clock that sets the world time.（设定世界时）18. There have been four sets of invaders of England.(组，轮次/ 套)在以上的两个句子中，“set”分别作为“名词”和“动词”出现，在高考中，无论是在完形中还是在单选中，有关“set”的短语太多了，所以我们要熟知由它构成的常见短语的含义，根据语境做出判断。1). We had three sets of garden tools and we seemed to have no use for _.(04浙江) 本题考察其名词的含义 A. none B. either C. any D. each2). We _ to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that day. (2012全国卷II)A. set about B. set up C. set out D. set down3).You had better _some time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic. (2012福建卷)A. set asideB. take upC. put away D. give out4).Armed with the information you have gathered, you can_ preparing your business plan. (2012浙江卷)A. set outB. set aboutC. set offD. set up而后三个试题主要考察有关短语的区分。19. He loved his food and you can tell that by visiting the extremely large and well-designed kitchens. “tell, say, talk, look at, see”等常见词汇，在具体的语境中都有“不寻常的意思”，我们在阅读中要做出积累，然后学以致用。例如：1). The fact that she never apologized _ a lot about what kind of person she is.(08山东卷)A. says B. talks C. appears D. declares (say=imply=suggest)20. This solid stone, square tower had remained standing for one thousand years.别看“remain, contain, include, hold”等词汇很常见，但是到真正的语言交际中，我们未必能够灵活运用。对于语言而言，我们应该学多见，多模仿，有时候太多的为什么不如背诵经典的例句。我们看“remain”在考题中的表现：1).No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when its better _ silent. (2012浙江卷)A. remainB. be remaining C. having remained D. to remain2). He stood on tiptoe (脚尖), stretching as high as he could, but even as his tallest height he was unable to touch it. He began to jump up and down, as high as he could, at the top of each jump stretching his arms to get the apple. Still it remained out of 43 . (2011年江苏卷)（红色部分是考察的词汇）43.A hope B. hand C. sight D. reach3). Rules can help the public make the right 3 , and remain safe. (2012年广东卷完形)A .suggestions B. conclusions C. turns D. choices 21. However, the southern part the Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. 22. Which country is left out?当然，“break”也是一个高产的单词，依附于它形成的短语也如“set, take, make, pick, get, let, leave, bring,”等同等重要，短语要加以细细的区分。1). Johnny 44 and ran outside, determined never to go to another dance. （09湖南卷）44. A. broke awayB. went outC. broke upD. turned out2).The teacher stressed again that the students shouldnt _ any important details while retelling the story.A. bring out B. let out C. leave out D. make out (08年湖北卷)23. England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into 3 zones.对于“convenient”, 我们主要知道一个常见的句型“It is convenient for somebody to do something/to somebody.”某人方便做什么。1). The secretary arranged a(n)_time and space for the applicants to have an interview. (12天津卷)A. important B. spareC. publicD. convenient24. To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas, but still have different educational and legal systems. To their great surprise, he found the Queens jewels guarded by special royal soldiers.本结构在以前的复习中我们已经提到过，这次，我们主要就看看2012年高考英语陕西卷的完形，来体会考题是如何对其进行考察的。Much to his delight, he saw his mistress blue shirt in the distance.文中黑体字部分，就是陕西卷完形所涉及的考题，表示“令某人高兴的是”，这个结构的考察正是我们课文中这个表达方式的变体。第三部分：重点句式结构：25. It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London.26. It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors.对于以上的两个句子，我们可以把它们归为一类，即it+adj./n.+that +should (有时候会省略)的结构。其实这类表达，在高中阶段，我们可以简单的这样理解-我想虚拟就虚拟(比如第一句子)，不想虚拟就不虚拟(比如第二个句子)，只是形式上的需要。因此我们只要保证形式正确就可以了。虚拟语气在全国卷的考察中还不是很常见的，这里我们只作为了解，知道有这样的表达方式即可，不要求掌握，也许在阅读中我们会遇到类似的句子。我们可以来体会以下的句子：It is necessary /important/ natural/surprising/so unfair/vital/dreadful thatIt is strange that he should refuse to see me. (竟然)It is important that we should speak politely.我们说话该有礼貌，这很重要。It is really surprising that the weather should have kept dry for so long. I am surprised that the weather should have kept dry for so long.They are especially anxious that you should come.他们特别期待你能来。It is amazing that she should have said nothing about the murder.对谋杀她居然只字未提，这真令人惊讶。27. How long does it take to fly from Beijing to London Heathrow Airport?本句型在高考非谓语中可考察，可以说是屡见不鲜。-That must have been a long trip. （2011北京卷）-Yeah, it _us a whole week to get there.A. takesB. has takenC. took D. was taking Kevin, you look worried. Anything wrong? Well, I _ a test and Im waiting for the result. (2012重庆卷) A. will take B. took C. had taken D. take28. Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became king of the England and Wales as well.The greatest castle was constructed five hundred years ago when King Henry VIII was king.在这两个句子中，都涉及到了零冠词的用法，冠词的考察在高考英语全国卷中还是有所侧重的，一般在单选和改错部分都会涉及，因此在这里我们主要针对基本的零冠词的用法加以标注：1). 抽象名词前面一般没有冠词。 The music is full of life. 这音乐充满了活力。(如果特指，可以加冠词“the”) Life should be full of music.生活应该充满音乐。 I wish you joy. Practice makes perfect. My research made slow progress. He asked about the progress of my book. 即使有名词修饰，一般也不用冠词。 She cared little about social life. You have given me fresh hope.Sarah looked