2015高考英语一轮专题复习题-专题二-名词有解析

专题二 名词1.【2014届陕西西安铁一中国际合作学校高三上学期11月模拟】Nowadays, few people develop the habit of keeping a supply of oil-lamps in the house in case of power _.A. lack B. absence C. failure D. drop1【解析】C考查名词辨析。句意：如今，很少有人以防能源短缺，养成保存油灯供应的习惯。lack缺少；absence缺席；failure失败；drop落下。故C正确。2.【2014届浙江省湖州中学高三上学期期中考试】At the school sports meeting, many students are full of _, but Im always exhausted.Youd better take more exercise.A. strength B. force C. energy D. power2. 【解析】C考查名词辨析。句意：许多学生精力充沛，而我总是精疲力竭。strength力气，主要指“肌肉力量以及物体的承重力或抗拉力”。force: 指“能量的应用”即释放的能量及其冲击力。energy指“活力”。power指可供使用的能量，如意志力、影响力、控制力。full of energy（充满活力）与后文exhausted（精疲力竭的）相对。故选C项。3【2014届黑龙江省齐齐哈尔实验中学高三上学期期中考试】Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _.A. consequence B. independence C. competence D. intelligence3.【解析】C考查名词辨析。句意：老师们要不断地更新自己的知识以保持他们能够胜任工作的能力。consequence 结果；independence独立；competence 资格；能力；胜任，称职；intelligence 智力，根据句意选C项。4.【2014届浙江省五校高三第一次联考】When you talk about a persons _, you are referring to the country, race, or social class of their parents or ancestors.A. origin B. nationality C. generation D. relation4【解析】A考查名词辨析。句意：当你们在谈论一个人的出身的时候，你们是在谈论他的父母亲或者祖先的国家，种族或者社会地位。origin起源，根源；出身；nationality国籍；generation一代人；relation关系，联系；教育。根据第二句中的the country, race, or social class of their parents or ancestors可知是对名词origin的内容的解释。故选A项。5.【2014届甘肃省部分普通高中高三目标诊断】This restaurant has become popular for its wide _ of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.A. division B. area C. range D. circle5.【解析】C考查名词辨析。句意：这家餐馆越来越出名是由于它做的各种各样的食物适应各种类型人群。division分隔、隔离；area地区；range同一种类之中的一系列；circle圈。a range of 强调一个系列，而a wide range of意为“各种各样的”。正好符合题意。从句子结构来讲，这个句子属于典型的“从句套从句”。for引导原因状语从句，that引导定语从句。故选C项。6.【2014届湖北省八校高三第一次联考】The lead singer was ill and couldnt sing that night, and her _ didnt perform well, which made the audience disappointed.A. attitude B.substitute C. institute D. altitude6【解析】B考查名词辨析。句意：那天晚上领衔歌手生病无法演出，她的替补表现得也不好，这让观众很失望。substitute替换者；替补；attitude态度；institute学会，协会；学院；altitude高度；海拔。根据句意选B项。7.【2014届湖北省黄梅一中高三上学期适应性训练】When he picked up a large sum of money by accident, he battled with his _ whether he should keep it or return it to the owner.A. consciousness B. conscience C. commitment D. convenience7【解析】B考查名词辨析。句意：当他捡到一大笔钱的时候，他在他的良心道德做斗志，是吞了这笔钱还是把钱交给失主。consciousness意识，观念，觉悟；conscience良心，道德；commitment承诺，许诺，致力；convenience方便，便利；根据句意选B项。8.【2014届辽宁省抚顺二中高三上学期期中考试】The police are trying to find out the _ of the woman murdered in the bathroom.A. evidence B. characteristic C. status D. identity8【解析】A考查名词辨析。句意：警察正在努力找到那个妇女在浴室被杀的证据。evidence 证据；characteristic人格，特性；status身份状态；identity身份，故选项。9.【2014届安徽省宿松县程集中学高三上学期期中考试】One of the advantages of living on the top of a high building is that you can get a good _.A. sight B. scenery C. appearance D. view9【解析】D考查名词辨析。句意：住在高楼顶部的一个好处是你可以一览众景。sight光景，既可以指场景、眼前看到的景观（多指人工的事物，如大建筑史迹等有名的处所），又可以指名胜、风景，只是在表示后者的含义时，必须要用复数。它与view或者scenery最大的不同就在于：当sight指景物时，多指某的特有的名胜；view景色，常指从远处或高处看到的景象，属于scenery的一部分，有时可与scene互换；scenery景致、外景，指某地乃至国家总的外景或外貌，尤指美丽的乡间景色。故选D项。10.【2014届天津市六校高三上期第一次联考】Clare has offered a _ of $ 100 to anyone who can find her lost cell phone.A. benefit B. cost C. reward D. price10【解析】C考查名词辨析。句意：Clare提供100美元赏金给找到她手机的人。benefit利益，好处；救济金，津贴；cost钱，代价；花费，费用；reward报酬；报答；赏金；酬金；price价格，价钱。从信息句who can find her lost cell phone可判断是赏金，故选C项。11【2014届安徽六校教育研究会新高三素质测试】I accepted a _ teaching students ages 6 to 12 with severe learning and behavioral _ whod moved from school to school.A. position; difficulties B. post; hardC. job; troubles D. occupation; difficulty11【解析】A考查名词辨析。句意: 我接受了一个教从这个学校到那个学校且具有严重学习困难及行为六到十二岁的学生们的职位。position职位；difficulties困难；post职位；job工作；trouble困难；occupation可以泛指各种专业。position与post都表示职位的区别： post更倾向于job 它更强调一份工作，而且使用环境并不十分正式；而position更强调“职位” 这不仅仅代表了一个位置，一份工作，同时也带有“负责任的”“职称”等比较正式的隐藏含义，所以第一空填position；difficulty表示具体的困难时是可数名词，表示抽象概念“困难”时是不可数名词，题干指学习和行为困难，故用复数“difficulties”；故选A项。12.【2014届福建省厦门一中高三上学期期中】The discovery of the new drug is of great _ to people who suffer from heart problems.A. appreciationB. significanceC. satisfactionD. guidance12【解析】B考查名词辨析。句意：新药物的发现对患心脏病的人及其重要。appreciation欣赏，感激；significance重要性；satisfaction满意；guidance指导。这里考查be of +抽象名词，相当于be + adj.故选B项。13.【2014届浙江象山普通高中高三第二次模拟】The teacher wants his students to know more about modern science and tries hard to develop a (n) _ about nature among his students.A. curiosity B. habit C. ability D. independence13【解析】A考查名词辨析。句意：老师希望他的学生更多地了解有关的现代科学，并力图在学生们中开发他们对自然的一种好奇心。curiosity 好奇心；habit习惯；ability 能力；independence 独立。根据句意可知选A项。14.【2014届安徽省“江淮十校”协作体高三上学期第一次联考】According to a UN report，one third of the world population have no to clean drinking water and health care.A. meansB. approachC. channel D. access14【解析】D考查名词辨析。句意：根据联合国的报告，三分之一的世界人口没有获得干净的饮用水和健康护理的机会。means方法，手段；approach方法，途径；channel频道；access获得的机会，have (no) access to有（无）获得的机会，根据句意选D项。15.【2014届河北省唐山一中高三第二次调研】The _ is just around the corner and you wont miss it. A. bicycles shopB. bicycle shop C. bicycles shopD. bicycles shopx#k#b#115【解析】B考查名词作定语的用法。句意：那个自行车商店就在附近，你不会错过的。名词做定语表示性质、功能等。故选B项。16.【2014届湖北省荆州市高中毕业班质量检查】Sometimes the _ between the reality and the dream is so great that it produces disappointment. A. combination B. application C. contrast D. disapproval16【解析】C考查名词辨析。句意：现实与梦想之间的“反差”往往让人失望。combination: 联合、集合；application申请；应用；disapproval不赞成。均不合题意。contrast对照、对比。故选C项。17.【2014届浙江省浙北名校联盟高三上学期期中联考】Ladies and gentlemen, please raise your glasses and drink a _ to the success of the new company.A. privilegeB. potentialC. toastD. ambition18【解析】C考查名词辨析。句意：女士们先生们，请举起你的酒杯，干杯祝新公司成功。privilege特别照顾，特殊荣幸；potential潜在力、潜势；ambition抱负,雄心；toast祝酒，干杯；祝酒词。故选C项。 19.【2014届安徽省马鞍山二中高三上学期期中】He had a headache and went to the chemists to get something for his pain_.A. relax B. relief C. leisure D. comfort19【解析】B考查名词辨析。句意：他头疼去药店买些东西缓解疼痛。relax放松；relief缓解，宽慰；leisure休闲；comfort安慰。根据句意选B项。20.【2014届海南省琼海市嘉积中学高三上学期段考】He is such a man who is always finding _ with other people.A. error B. weakness C. mistake D. fault20【解析】D考查名词辨析。句意：他是总是找别人茬的人。error 错误；weakness弱点； mistake错误；fault过失，错误。find fault with sb找某人的茬，根据句意选D项。21.【2014届江苏省镇江市高三上学期期中调研】The priest made the _ of the cross when he entered the church.A. mark B. signalC. signD. gesture21【解析】C考查名词辨析。句意：牧师进入教堂的时候，划了个十字（的标志）。mark记号；signal信号；sign标志；gesture手势。根据题意可知选C项。22【2014届浙江省绍兴市第一中学高三上学期期中】Filmisnot onlyauniversalentertainmentmodeinmodern times,but also an important _ for cultural communication.A. transportation B. appearance C.controversyD. vehicle22【解析】D考查名词辨析。句意：电影不仅是一种现代社会普遍的娱乐方式，而且也是一种重要的文化传播载体。transportation交通；appearance外表；controversy争论；vehicle车辆。根据情理可知电影可以传播文化，所以把它看作一种媒体，载体。故选D项。23.【2013-2014学年甘肃省张掖中学第一学期高三第二次模拟】The do